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European Energy Pathways - Pathways to sustainable european energy systems
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the challenge of climate change, the world must substaintially reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). this must be accomplished in a way that maintains security of supply and competitiveness.This book presents to pathways towards sustainable European energy systems - the "Policy Pathway" and the "Market Pathway". These to pathways differ with respect to where the main responsability lies for transforming the energy system in following the pathway. The Policy pathway takes its departure from the EU Energy and Climate Package, and has a strong focus on targeted policies that promote energy efficiency and energy from renewable sources. The Market Pathway relies more on the market to transform the energy system, and presents a future in which the cost associated with emitting CO2 (and other GHGs) is the dominating policy measure.This book describes the research that has been carried out during the first period (2006-2010) of the AGS project "Pathways to Sustsainable Energy Systems". This interdisciplinary project involved more than 40 researchers and addressed various aspects of the challenges faced in transforming the European energy system. The chapters in this book cover more than 30 topics and presents an overall picture of the results obtained to date from various activities in the Pathways project.
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| 2. |
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Method and models used in the project Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book describes the research that has been carried out during the first period (2006-2010) of the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS) project "Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems". this interdisciplinary project involves more that 40 researchers and addresses various aspects of the challenges faced in transforming the European energy system. Presented in this book are the energy-related methods and models that originate from different scientific disciplines and traditions and that were applied in the Pathways project. Some of the analytical tools are well-known, well-documented, and widely used in academic research. Others have been developed (or refined) during the Pathways project and are therefore unique. The chapters of this book cover around 30 different methods and models used in the Pathways project and presents an overview of the processes through which the research was conducted and the methods and models were co-ordinated.
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| 4. |
- Lundblad, Therese, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Centralized and decentralized electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems for road transportation – A modeling study of current and future costs
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 48:12, s. 4830-4844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work compares the costs of three electrolysis-based hydrogen supply systems for heavy road transportation: a decentralized, off-grid system for hydrogen production from wind and solar power (Dec-Sa); a decentralized system connected to the electricity grid (Dec-Gc); and a centralized grid-connected electrolyzer with hydrogen transported to refueling stations (Cen-Gc). A cost-minimizing optimization model was developed in which the hydrogen production is designed to meet the demand at refueling stations at the lowest total cost for two timeframes: one with current electricity prices and one with estimated future prices. The results show that: For most of the studied geographical regions, Dec-Gc gives the lowest costs of hydrogen delivery (2.2–3.3€/kgH2), while Dec-Sa entails higher hydrogen production costs (2.5–6.7€/kgH2). In addition, the centralized system (Cen-Gc) involves lower costs for production and storage than the grid-connected decentralized system (Dec-Gc), although the additional costs for hydrogen transport increase the total cost (3.5–4.8€/kgH2).
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Co-firing biomass with coal for electricity generation—An assessment of the potential in EU27
- 2009
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:4, s. 1444-1455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union aims to increase bioenergy use. Co-firing biomass with coal represents an attractive near-term option for electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES-E). This study assesses the near-term technical potential for biomass co-firing with coal in the existing coal-fired power plant infrastructure in the EU27 Member States. The total technical potential for RES-E frombiomass co-firing amounts to approximately 50–90 TWh/yr, which requires a biomass supply of approximately 500–900 PJ/yr. The estimated co-firing potential in EU27 amounts to 20–35% of the estimated gap between current RES-E production and the RES-E target for 2010. However, for some member states the national co-firing potential is large enough to fill the national gap. The national biomass supply potential is considerably larger than the estimated biomass demand for co-firing for all member states. About 45% of the estimated biomass demand for co-firing comes from plants located close to the sea or near main navigable rivers and indicates the possibility for biomass import by sea transport. Thus, biomass co-firing has the potential to contribute substantially to the RES-E development in EU27.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Reaching net-zero carbon emissions in construction supply chains - Analysis of a Swedish road construction project
- 2020
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Ingår i: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent estimates suggest that the construction sector accounts for approximately one quarter of global CO2 emissions. This paper assesses the potential for reducing the climate impact of road construction. The study is structured as a participatory integrated assessment with involvement from key stakeholders in the supply chain, supported by energy and material flow mapping, an extensive literature review and a scenario analysis. The results indicate that it is technically possible to halve road construction CO2 emissions with today's best available technologies and practices, to abate more than three quarters of the emissions by 2030 and achieve close to net zero emissions by 2045. Realising the current potential would rely on sufficient availability of sustainably produced second-generation biofuels, indicating a need to speed up the implementation of alternative abatement measures, including optimization of material use and mass handling requirements, increased recycling of steel, asphalt and aggregates and enhanced use of alternative binders in concrete. Policy measures and procurement strategies should be aligned to support these measures with a clear supply chain focus. For deep decarbonization several key opportunities and obstacles for realisation of breakthrough technologies for basic industry are highlighted including electrification and carbon capture for steel and cement, and hybridisation and electrification for heavy transport and construction equipment. There is a clear need to prepare for deeper abatement and associated transformative shifts already now and to carefully consider the pathway of getting there while avoiding pitfalls along the way, such as overreliance on biofuels or cost optimizations which cannot be scaled up to the levels required.
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| 7. |
- Mata, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Contributions of Building Retrofitting in Five Member States to EU Targets for Energy Savings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 93, s. 759-774
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To benchmark the contributions of building retrofits to the National Energy Efficiency Action Plans (NEEAPs) of the Member States (MS) of the European Union (EU) and to identify potential improvements to the general EU methodology, this paper presents homogenous mapping of the potential for energy savings and associated effects on CO2 emissions for the building stocks of five selected MS: France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The mapping is created using a verified building stock modeling methodology, and includes results related to technical and techno-economical improvements for ten energy conservation measures (ECMs) and six ECM packages. These results are compared to the corresponding estimates in the NEEAPs, as well as those in the literature. Although both our results and those in the literature show high variability for the cost-efficiency of the ECMs between the five national building stocks, the potential application of complete ECM packages generally appears to be more profitable than the application of individual ECMs. Certain challenges must be overcome before this potential can be realized. The energy savings for Year 2020 projected in the NEEAPs appear to be overly optimistic when one considers the efficiency trends, current regulatory framework, and techno-economical potential detailed in this study. Furthermore, the NEEAPs are not in full compliance with the requirements of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive. These requirements could be defined more specifically, so as to address the identified information gaps, thereby facilitating the implementation and monitoring of energy savings in existing buildings.
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| 8. |
- Ó Broin, Eoin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Future demand for space heating in buildings: a top-down analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN ENERGY PATHWAYS. Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems, pp. 363-367. - 9789197858519 ; , s. 363-367
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- If the trends in energy demand for residential sector space heating seen inSweden from 1970 to 2005 continue, total demand is predicted to fall from52 TWh to 47 TWh by 2050. This fall will occur despite projected increasesin average dwelling size and population size. This is because the unit consumption(kWh/m2) of energy use for space heating continues to fall and itstrajectory will offset increases in demand attributable to increases in averagedwelling size and population size. These figures correspond to a reduction inunit consumption for energy for space heating from 125 kWh/m2 to between60 kWh/m2 and 74 kWh/m2. This fall can be amplified through higherenergy prices and increased energy efficiency, to reduce the total to 37 TWh(60 kWh/m2). However, the price elasticity of demand for energy for heatingin dwellings has been found to be very low (-0.16), which means that improvementsin energy efficiency brought about by direct regulatory intervention andincremental technical breakthroughs are of greater importance.
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| 9. |
- Ó Broin, Eoin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the Energy Efficiency Gap for Space and Water heating in the Residential Sector in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Energy efficiency first: The foundation of a low-carbon society, European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE) 2011 Summer Study 6–11 June 2011 Belambra Presqu'île de Giens, France. - 9789163344558
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different methodologies, one top-down and one bottom-up, are presented for estimating potential future energy demand for space and water heating in the existing building stock of the residential sector to 2030. Two future price scenarios are used as inputs. The work is tested using data for the existing Swedish residential building stock. Compared to 2005 levels of energy use (74 TWh) the bottom-up model shows reductions to 52 TWh and 50 TWh for the two price scenarios, respectively. Results from the top-down model are 11 % (8 TWh) and 7 % (5 TWh) higher than those of the bottom-up model for the two price scenarios. This suggests that the price mechanism alone will not be sufficient to achieve the full techno-economic potential for energy efficiency.
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| 10. |
- Pihl, Erik, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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THERMOECONOMIC OPTIMISATION OF SOLAR HYBRIDISATION OPTIONS FOR EXISTING COMBINED-CYCLE POWER PLANTS
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEA SolarPACES 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model of an integrated solar combined cycle power plant has been developed in order to examine the performance of a combined-cycle plant when retrofitted with solar collectors. The model was then used for multi-objective thermo-economic optimisation of both the power plant performance and cost, using a population-based algorithm. In order to examine the trade-offs that must be made and identify ‘optimal’ hybridisation schemes and operating conditions, two conflicting objectives will be considered, namely minimum investment costs and maximum annual solar share. It was found that only small annual solar shares (~1%) can be achieved during retrofitting, but that the cost of the additional solar-generated electricity is comparably low, with equivalent levelised electricity costs of ≤10 c€/kWh.
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