| 1. |
- Persson, Urban, 1961-
(författare)
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Realise the Potential! : Cost Effective and Energy Efficient District Heating in European Urban Areas
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Member States of EU27 need to accelerate the integration of energy efficient technology solutions to reach the 20% energy efficiency target set for 2020. At current pace, projections indicate that only half of expected primary energy reductions will be reached. To meet the energy demands of growing populations and a vibrant economy, while simultaneously reducing primary energy supplies, the European continent faces a new kind of challenge never previously encountered. The identification and application of feasible, competitive, and comprehensive solutions to this problem are of highest priority if the remaining gap is to be closed in time. How is this multi-dimensional and complex dilemma to be dissolved? In this work, expanded use of district heating technology is conceived as a possible solution to substantially reduce future primary energy demands in Europe. By extended recovery and utilisation of vast volumes of currently disregarded excess heat from energy and industry sector fuel transformation processes, district heating systems and combined generation of heat and power can improve the general efficiency of the European energy balance. To investigate the possible range of this solution, this thesis introduces a set of methodologies, theoretical concepts, and model tools, by which a plausible future excess heat utilisation potential, by means of district heat deliveries to residential and service sectors, is estimated. At current conditions and compared to current levels, this potential correspond to a threefold expansion possibility for directly feasible district heating systems in European urban areas and a fourfold increase of European excess heat utilisation.
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| 2. |
- Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Exploiting the control revolution by means of digitalization: Value creation, value capture, and downstream movements
- 2019
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Ingår i: Industrial and Corporate Change. - Oxford : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3650 .- 0960-6491. ; 28:3, s. 423-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explains why firms move downstream to profit from the value they create for customers through improved control. Under certain circumstances, product innovations and services are dynamically interdependent in the sense of improved control creating value for the customer. Since value capture is distinct from value creation, firms may need to change their means of appropriation to profit. Empirically, the article analyses how firms can renew their product offerings by incorporating control technologies into their traditional mechanical engineering products. In contrast to a strand in the recent strategy literature that argues that manufacturing firms should move downstream to deliver complementary services, this article explains these shifts as related to increased control, economies of throughput, value creation, and value capture. The article contributes to the throughput and control technology literature by showing the importance of differentiating value creation from value capture. The increased control by means of digitalization and the discrepancy between value creation and value capture explains why many manufacturing firms will become service firms.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bokinge, Mattias, 1984
(författare)
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Evaluating PLM Implementations Using a Guidelines-based Approach
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an information technology-based concept bringing several benefits to product development organizations. However, it has been reported that PLM implementations in industry render unsatisfactory results. Hence, the overall aim of the work presented in this thesis is to develop new tools and methods that can lead to improved outcomes from future PLM implementations.In-depth understanding of the operational aspects of PLM implementations is needed in order to develop methods and tools that can support practitioners. However, most of the existing discussions of characteristics and challenges in PLM implementations are provided without thorough case studies of the implementations from which they are drawn. In particular, the role of requirements management in PLM implementation is argued to be in need of clarification. The problem is approached by presenting an in-depth case study of a recent PLM implementation, focusing on operational requirements management issues.In order to achieve improved outcomes from PLM implementations, being able to evaluate the outcomes is argued as being necessary. Furthermore, it is argued that it would be beneficial to be able to evaluate tentative PLM solutions during development and PLM implementations leading to the development and deployment of PLM solutions, rather than evaluating the effects resulting from having used a PLM solution. It is found that such methods and tools are currently lacking and need to be proposed, developed and evaluated.The problem is approached by utilizing published experiences, in terms of guidelines, from previous PLM implementations. A guideline can be defined as a directional recommendation for what to do (or what not to do) in a specific context. Available guidelines are first summarized in a tool, followed by a discussion of their relevance and application in relation to the in-depth case study. It is found that most of the guidelines, though highly relevant to the case, were not fully applied, and that a better application of more of the guidelines would lead to better outcomes. It is furthermore demonstrated that PLM implementation guidelines can be used to identify weak spots associated with conducted PLM implementations. A subset of the summarized guidelines (those regarding the PLM solution) is then utilized in a proposed method to identify risks associated with a PLM solution. As such, the methods and tool serve as discussion-facilitating support and direct focus on areas in need of improvement. Future work includes developing a guidelines structure and seeking to expand the guidelines set to cover more areas.
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| 5. |
- Rundquist, Jonas, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Knowledge Integration on New Product Development Performance
- 2011
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Ingår i: School of Business, NFF 2011 August 20-24. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. ; , s. 132-132
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge needed for development of new products is becoming increasingly complex and distributed. There is a need for firms to develop their capabilities for knowledge integration. Although prior knowledge-based literature has pointed to the importance of knowledge integration for competitive advantage, our understanding of how the integration of different types of knowledge affects new product development (NPD) performance is still limited. We quantitatively examine the effect of the integration of different types of knowledge on performance in NPD. Knowledge integration refers to the process of combining specialized but complementary knowledge. In this article we seek to study the effects of knowledge integration on NPD performance. Previous studies point to the positive effects of knowledge integration on NPD performance, but they do not distinguish between different types of knowledge in examining these effects. This article therefore seeks to contribute to this emerging literature by explicitly studying the integration of different types of knowledge and the effects that such integration have on NPD performance. We draw upon a classification of knowledge suggested by Ullman (1997) in discussing what types of knowledge that is particularly pertinent in engineering practices. That is, what knowledge engineers draw upon in conducting design and development work. We address the types of domain-specific knowledge, procedural knowledge, and general knowledge integration. Three hypotheses suggesting that the capabilities for integration of each type of knowledge respectively affect NPD performance positively are tested. A fourth hypothesis suggests that there are complementarity effects between integration of the three types of knowledge upon NPD performance. Data was collected during 2009 from a sampling frame of 355 medium-sized Swedish manufacturing firms in four industries. We received 193 valid answers, i.e. a 54% response rate) Hypotheses were tested with standard OLS regression together with EFA and CFA analysis. The results provide support for the first three hypotheses, while the fourth one was rejected. This implies that capabilities to integrate domain-specific, procedural and general knowledge are all independently affecting NPD performance positively, but no combined effect above and beyond the individual variables. This indicates that one knowledge type can be integrated without an absolute need to integrate two types or all three types.
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| 6. |
- Winroth, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacturing Networks : Critical Factors to Successful Collaboration
- 2004
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Ingår i: CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Systems. - Aachen : WISU Verlag Aachen. - 1581-5048. ; 33:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The competitive situation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, SME’s, has become intensified during the last few years. Large customers, such as within the automotive industry, have increased the outsourcing of their manufacturing capacity and reduced the number of suppliers. At the same time the large systems integrators place demands on their suppliers to actively participate in the product development and to take full responsibility for manufacturing as well as to deliver complete systems or subsystems. Due to the limited capacity of the suppliers, in terms of the scarcity of resources and limited knowledge base, suppliers need to collaborate in networks. The purpose of this study is to identify critical factors to successful network collaborative settings. In this paper we also introduce a four dimensional tentative framework, in terms of surface of integration, the scope of integration, the time horizon of integration, and the intensity of integration. This framework can be used to analyze how well collaborative networks are developed from three aspects of corporate integration, in terms of structural design of the network, the design of the work flow in collaborative settings, and aspect of handling the psychological and social boundaries among people, that management has to handle in order to increase the degrees of network collaboration. This tentative framework is suggested as an analytical tool that can be used in order to understand how different collaborative networks are developed in terms of the network constellation, output of the collaborative process, as well as duration and robustness of the network.
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| 7. |
- Kleyko, Denis, et al.
(författare)
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Vehicle Classification using Road Side Sensors and Feature-free Data Smashing Approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). - Piscataway : IEEE. - 9781509018895 - 9781509018888 - 9781509018901 ; , s. 1988-1993
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main contribution of this paper is a study of the applicability of data smashing - a recently proposed data mining method - for vehicle classification according to the "Nordic system for intelligent classification of vehicles" standard, using measurements of road surface vibrations and magnetic field disturbances caused by passing vehicles. The main advantage of the studied classification approach is that it, in contrast to the most of traditional machine learning algorithms, does not require the extraction of features from raw signals. The proposed classification approach was evaluated on a large dataset consisting of signals from 3074 vehicles. Hence, a good estimate of the actual classification rate was obtained. The performance was compared to the previously reported results on the same problem for logistic regression. Our results show the potential trade-off between classification accuracy and classification method's development efforts could be achieved.
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| 8. |
- Franke, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of in-cylinder gas flow on the interpretation of the ionization sensor signal
- 2003
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - Warrendale : S A E Inc..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The location of the peak pressure can serve as a control parameter to adjust ignition timing and optimize engine performance. The ionization sensor, an electrical probe for combustion diagnostics, can provide information about the peak pressure location. However, the reliability of such information is rather poor. In-cylinder gas flow at the electrodes may be one reason for this. We present results from an investigation of the relationship between ionization sensor current and pressure under various gas flow conditions. The gas flow velocity in the vicinity of the electrode gap was measured by LDA. From the results one may infer how the in-cylinder gas flow affects the reliability of the prediction of pressure peak location from the ionization sensor signal. One finding is that high bulk gas flow impairs the precision of the prediction in certain configurations.
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| 9. |
- Danilovic, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Platform thinking in the automotive industry : managing dualism between standardization of components for large scale production and variation for market and customer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Annual POM Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Automotive industry faces two major problems. One is to develop standard platforms to reach high volumes and low cost. The other is to use platforms for enabling variation of models that suit customer needs, local market demands, and restrictions. Platform thinking embraces several industrial levels, systems integrators, global and local suppliers, and markets. How can the dualism between standardization of components and model variation be managed and which trade-offs need to be made?In this paper we have identified and analyzed different approaches to platform concept from technical as well as organizational, production, and product development perspectives. Platform technology improves flexibility in production and product development. However, when radical changes are made, new design of platform is not easily made, i.e. propagation of requirements and changes in models vs. platforms. When this happens, several production systems have to be entirely rebuilt causing major capital investments, redesign at suppliers etc. Hence, platform technology reduces product development flexibility.
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