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| 2. |
- Ahrén, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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One-step synthesis of sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide based nanoparticles
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide nanoparticles; MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2), were synthesized via a short time room temperature synthesis route. The nanoparticles are crystalline, spherically shaped and in the size range of 2-4 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy studies. Selected area electron diffraction patterns were collected and their appearance indicated that the nanoparticle cores are composed of MnO. Also, co-existence of the (II) and (III) oxidation states at the nanoparticle surface was verified by results achieved from infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements also supported presence of a minor amount of acetate groups as well as a negligible fraction of carbonate groups at the nanoparticle surfaces. The interpretation of the IR spectra was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations using the high spin manganese nanoparticle Mn12O12(OAc)16(H2O)4, as a model system for the MnOx nanoparticle surface. Bulk MnO and Mn2O3 are known to be antiferromagnetic. The magnetic properties are however somewhat dependent of the crystallite size and changes when scaling down to the nanoregion. The MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles investigated in this work show a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of approximately 12 K proven by means of SQUID measurements. The relaxivities of the nanoparticles and the Mn(OAc)2 precursors were studied with a bench top NMR analyzer verifying nanoparticle r1 and r2 of 0.5 and 6 mMs-1 respectively. The r1 relaxivity is lower than what is earlier reported for Gd based contrast agent, but improvements are expected by further surface modification, due to increased rotational time and higher water dispersability.
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- Alkan Olsson, Johanna
(författare)
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Setting limits in nature and the politics of chemical compounds
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Critical Load concept, emerged in the late 1980s as a response toan expressed need from especially policy makers to create more exactand scientifically based policy tools for the abatement of transboundary air pollution in Europe (Gehring, 1994; Wettestad, 2000). The concept has mainly been used in international negotiationson emission reductions related to the second-generation protocols, tothe Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP), i.e. the 1994 Oslo protocol and the 1999 Gothenburg protocol. To create a policy based on scientific findings of effects in nature was, by policy makers in the CLRT AP regime, seen as an improvement in relation to the uniform emission reductions, used in earlier protocols. Equal percentage cuts were viewed as arbitrary, economically ineffective and unfair. Arbitrary, as there was no solid scientific base to support the cuts. Ineffective, as the cost for reduction was different in different parts of Europe. Unfair as uniform emission reductions had failed to take into account that ecosystem sensibility varies. The introduction of Critical Load in the CLRTAP can hence be described as a change from a focus on equity of reduction, based on equal commitments for different countries to a focus on equity of environmental effects and economical commitments. The solution to these problems was the Critical Load concept which estimates ofnature's limits to different types of pollutants were aimed to serve asthe base for cost-efficiency calculations, creating the desired policy. The shift from equal percentage cuts to emission cuts based on effects led to an increased importance of scientific estimations (Biickstrand, 2001; Cresser, 2000). (...)
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting a survey to evaluate quality improvements in Swedish healthcare
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quality improvement initiatives, a concept with origins in the manufacturing sector, have increased within the Swedish healthcare sector in recent decades. These efforts to improve quality can be seen as a response to demands for more cost-effectiveness and better medical results. However, studies have shown that less than 40% of these initiatives are successful (Olsson et al. 2007). The reason why specific improvement initiatives in healthcare fail or succeed is, therefore, a central question in studies of change. To be able to manage, improve and implement quality initiatives and improvements it is necessary to observe, measure and evaluate. Batalden and Davidoff (2007) point out that if there are no mechanisms to measure the changes, there is no way to know whether they actually lead to improvements. A more severe consequence, as stated by Sorian (2006), is that we sometimes accept an organizational system that not only fails to reward or encourage quality improvements but also sometimes punishes those who prioritize quality over cost-effectiveness. The need for more evidence about how to organize and manage new quality initiatives is identified as an important task within studies of healthcare improvement (Walshe 2009, Olsson et al. 2007).
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Non-invasive monitoring of haemodynamic changes in haemodialysis patients using photoplethysmography (PPG)
- 2002
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presently there is no simple non-invasive method to monitor haemodynamic changes during haemodialysis but such a method is highly needed. This study aims at investigating the possibility to monitor such changes during a single haemodialysis session using a photoplethysmography method (PPG). This non-invasive method illuminates a proportion of the patients skin and the received PPG-signal reflects local blood flow. The haemodialysis sessions were performed as in normal routine with more frequently performed blood pressure measurements by an oscillometric method or with continuous intra arterial blood pressure measurements. The obtained PPG-signals are linked to the blood pressure changes and are affected by the ultrafiltration rate and drugs administrated during the session. The relation between the blood pressure changes and the changes in the different PPG components seems however to be complex and need to be investigate further. The PPG-method shows promises, which is emphasised by the strong need of a non-invasive monitoring method.
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| 9. |
- Archenti, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Loaded double ball bar for capability testing of NC machine tools
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a novel test device for the evaluation of the accuracy of NC machine tools. The design concept is similar to a double ball bar (DBB) with the difference that an adjustable load generated by the device can be applied between spindle nose and machine tool table. This load eliminates the play existing in machine tool joints, thus reproducing the testing conditions that exist during machining. Collected data can be used to plot diagrams displaying important aspects of machine tool performance and a number of key figures such as static stiffness may be determined. The data can also be used for trend analysis; to predict any accuracy problems, and further to conduct preventive maintenance instead of emergency calls. The determined static behaviour could also be used to improve digital models for process simulations and compensation of errors caused by deflection.
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