| 1. |
- Ambrosio, Fabrisia, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of muscle loading on skeletal muscle regenerative potential : an update of current research findings relating to aging and neuromuscular pathology
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 88:2, s. 145-155
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with a remarkable ability to continuously respond to environmental stimuli. Among its adaptive responses is the widely investigated ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate after loading or injury or both. Although significant basic science efforts have been dedicated to better understand the underlying mechanism controlling skeletal muscle regeneration, there has been relatively little impact in the clinical approaches used to treat skeletal muscle injuries and wasting. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the basic biology of satellite cell function in response to muscle loading and to relate these findings in the context of aging and neuromuscular pathology for the rehabilitation medicine specialist.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Skeletal muscle morphology in power-lifters with and without anabolic steroids
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 124:2, s. 167-175
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphological appearance of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle from high-level power-lifters on long-term anabolic steroid supplementation (PAS) and power-lifters never taking anabolic steroids (P) was compared. The effects of long- and short-term supplementation were compared. Enzyme-immunohistochemical investigations were performed to assess muscle fiber type composition, fiber area, number of myonuclei per fiber, internal myonuclei, myonuclear domains and proportion of satellite cells. The PAS group had larger type I, IIA, IIAB and IIC fiber areas (p<0.05). The number of myonuclei/fiber and the proportion of central nuclei were significantly higher in the PAS group (p<0.05). Similar results were seen in the trapezius muscle (T) but additionally, in T the proportion of fibers expressing developmental myosin isoforms was higher in the PAS group compared to the P group. Further, in VL, the PAS group had significantly larger nuclear domains in fibers containing > or = 5 myonuclei. The results of AS on VL morphology in this study were similar to previously reported short-term effects of AS on VL. The initial effects from AS appear to be maintained for several years.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hermansson, Camilla, 1971-
(författare)
-
Det återvunna folkhemmet : tevejournalistik och miljöpolitik i Sverige 1987-1998
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is an analysis of how television journalism, specifically Swedish publictelevision (SVT) and the commercial channel TV4, have approached environmental,consumption and lifestyle issues from 1997 to 1998. A central issue considered is howtelevision journalism in Sweden has contributed to an ideologieal change in societywhereby ecological considerations have become individualized, as well as reformulatedand re-ftamed such that they are no longer (or not) regarded as a hinder to technical andeconomic progress. Environmental politics on an internationallevel, as well as bills inthe Swedish government have played an important role in this development. Anoverarching ambition of this thesis is an examination of how a consumption-orientedenvironmental discourse has been communieated in television news. This question raisesa nurnber of others: what are the themes that can be identified in the news stories? Howare these themes articulated? Which actors have access to this discourse? How areperspectives on the threat against society and nature that environmental problems implydepicted, including visions ofthe society and natural world that we aspire to have?In order to examine how television news reporting contributes to theconsumption-oriented environmental discourse I exarnine the actual form of the newsreporting, Le. how the message is packaged. What patterns are observable in influentialtext and pictures and what do they have to say with respect to environmental issues? Thepoint of departure in this case is that the tools employed to create meaning, such asmetonymy, metaphors, c\icMs and symbols, are geared at creating understanding andpersuasion, at the same time as they must be meaningful within a cuiturai context. Insuch a manner they reveal pertinent perceptions of a foundational character with respectto environmental issues and how we regard the society in which we wish to live. Themeswhich I have identified as receiving a great deal of coverage in television news reportsare explored in four different empirical chapters covering media depiction of recycling,consurner durables, environmental politics and automobile use.This study conc\udes that television news stories are a co-creator of building a"green people's home" in Sweden together with the formal politics. They provide thearena for formal politics to be framed and to provide the public with moral guidelinesabout how to deal with the environmental question on an individual basis. Theirdepiction of visions and threats to Nature and Society says as much about whatenvironment is worth preserving, as how the economical and social welfare system characteristicfor Sweden during the post-W.W.II years - could be maintained.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
-
Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 29:1, s. 120-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kadi, Fawzi, et al.
(författare)
-
The behaviour of satellite cells in response to exercise : what have we learned from human studies?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Pflügers Archiv. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 451:2, s. 319-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the complex role played by satellite cells in the adaptive response to exercise in human skeletal muscle has just begun. The development of reliable markers for the identification of satellite cell status (quiescence/activation/proliferation) is an important step towards the understanding of satellite cell behaviour in exercised human muscles. It is hypothesised currently that exercise in humans can induce (1) the activation of satellite cells without proliferation, (2) proliferation and withdrawal from differentiation, (3) proliferation and differentiation to provide myonuclei and (4) proliferation and differentiation to generate new muscle fibres or to repair segmental fibre injuries. In humans, the satellite cell pool can increase as early as 4 days following a single bout of exercise and is maintained at higher level following several weeks of training. Cessation of training is associated with a gradual reduction of the previously enhanced satellite cell pool. In the elderly, training counteracts the normal decline in satellite cell number seen with ageing. When the transcriptional activity of existing myonuclei reaches its maximum, daughter cells generated by satellite cell proliferation are involved in protein synthesis by enhancing the number of nuclear domains. Clearly, delineating the events and the mechanisms behind the activation of satellite cells both under physiological and pathological conditions in human skeletal muscles remains an important challenge.
|
|
| 7. |
- Mellström, Ulf, 1959-
(författare)
-
Engineering lives : Technology, time and space in a male-centred world
- 1995
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with engineers. It is an ethnographic study of the life organisation for seventeen engineers with Master's degrees working at two different workplaces, Automobile Inc. and Microchips Inc. The study is based on participant observation and life-history interviews. It is a study of work, careers and life-paths among thirteen men and four women. Underlying question of this study are what makes sense to these people and how meaning is constructed in their lives as engineers.The thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, situated activities and social practices of the two engineering workplaces are focused on. It examines how meaning is produced, reproduced, and socially organised in two engineering microcultures - in short, how technical work is socially constructed under various conditions.In the second part, the lives of the seventeen engineers are presented. Their life-paths are examined through a series of questions such as; Are there any common formative life expedences in the lives of these seventeen engineers? What is their relation to technology and education in the early years of life? How do one relate to family background and "significant others"? How do these engineers present and understand themselves through the reconstruction of their lives in relation to career and gender? What meaning is given to the occupational career in the organisation of life? How are occupational careers in engineering performed?The basic theoretical position in this study is an interactionist one. The most important concepts of the study's first part are microculture, time, space and different forms of everyday interaction. In the study's second part the concepts of perspectives, horizon, socialisation, and career are used to point out individual experiences of culture.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ponsot, Elodie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Skeletal muscle telomere length is not impaired in healthy physically active old women and men
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 37:4, s. 467-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that the number of satellite cells is lower in old than young men and women. The aim of this study was to further explore the effects of aging on the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in 16 young and 26 old men and women with comparable physical activity level (young, 25 +/- 4 years; old, 75 +/- 4 years). Mean and minimum telomere lengths were determined using Southern blot analyses on biopsies obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle. There were no significant age or gender effects on mean and minimal telomeric lengths, suggesting that the replicative potential in the remaining satellite cells in the tibialis anterior muscle is not impaired with increasing age and the existence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms allowing the maintenance of telomere length. These results imply that moderate physical activity regularly performed by old subjects is not associated with accelerated telomere loss.
|
|
