| 1. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle morphology in power-lifters with and without anabolic steroids
- 2005
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Ingår i: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 124:2, s. 167-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The morphological appearance of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle from high-level power-lifters on long-term anabolic steroid supplementation (PAS) and power-lifters never taking anabolic steroids (P) was compared. The effects of long- and short-term supplementation were compared. Enzyme-immunohistochemical investigations were performed to assess muscle fiber type composition, fiber area, number of myonuclei per fiber, internal myonuclei, myonuclear domains and proportion of satellite cells. The PAS group had larger type I, IIA, IIAB and IIC fiber areas (p<0.05). The number of myonuclei/fiber and the proportion of central nuclei were significantly higher in the PAS group (p<0.05). Similar results were seen in the trapezius muscle (T) but additionally, in T the proportion of fibers expressing developmental myosin isoforms was higher in the PAS group compared to the P group. Further, in VL, the PAS group had significantly larger nuclear domains in fibers containing > or = 5 myonuclei. The results of AS on VL morphology in this study were similar to previously reported short-term effects of AS on VL. The initial effects from AS appear to be maintained for several years.
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| 2. |
- Grönlund, Andreas, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic scaling regimes of collective decision making
- 2008
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 81:2, s. 28003-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a social system of agents faced with a binary choice. We assume there is a correct, or beneficial, outcome of this choice. Furthermore, we assume agents are influenced by others in making their decision, and that the agents can obtain information that may guide them towards making a correct decision. The dynamic model we propose is of nonequilibrium type, converging to a final decision. We run it on random graphs and scale-free networks. On random graphs, we find two distinct regions in terms of the finalizing time-the time until all agents have finalized their decisions. On scale-free networks, on the other hand, there do not seem to be such distinct scaling regions.
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| 3. |
- Grönlund, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Networking the seceder model : Group formation in social and economic systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1063-651X .- 1095-3787. ; 70:3, s. 036108-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The seceder model illustrates how the desire to be different from the average can lead to formation of groups in a population. We turn the original, agent based, seceder model into a model of network evolution. We find that the structural characteristics of our model closely match empirical social networks. Statistics for the dynamics of group formation are also given. Extensions of the model to networks of companies are also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Holme, Petter
(författare)
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Model validation of simple-graph representations of metabolism
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 6:40, s. 1027-1034
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large-scale properties of chemical reaction systems, such as metabolism, can be studied with graph-based methods. To do this, one needs to reduce the information, lists of chemical reactions, available in databases. Even for the simplest type of graph representation, this reduction can be done in several ways. We investigate different simple network representations by testing how well they encode information about one biologically important network structure-network modularity (the propensity for edges to be clustered into dense groups that are sparsely connected between each other). To achieve this goal, we design a model of reaction systems where network modularity can be controlled and measure how well the reduction to simple graphs captures the modular structure of the model reaction system. We find that the network types that best capture the modular structure of the reaction system are substrate-product networks (where substrates are linked to products of a reaction) and substance networks (with edges between all substances participating in a reaction). Furthermore, we argue that the proposed model for reaction systems with tunable clustering is a general framework for studies of how reaction systems are affected by modularity. To this end, we investigate statistical properties of the model and find, among other things, that it recreates correlations between degree and mass of the molecules.
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| 5. |
- Holme, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the dynamics of youth subcultures
- 2005
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Ingår i: JASSS. - Guildford, U.K. : SimSoc Consortium. - 1460-7425. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What are the dynamics behind youth subcultures such as punk, hippie, or hip-hop cultures? How does the global dynamics of these subcultures relate to the individual's search for a personal identity? We propose a simple dynamical model to address these questions and find that only a few assumptions of the individual's behaviour are necessary to regenerate known features of youth culture.
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| 6. |
- Holme, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and time evolution of an Internet dating community
- 2004
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Ingår i: Social Networks. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8733 .- 1879-2111. ; 26:2, s. 155-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present statistics for the structure and time evolution of a network constructed from user activity in an Internet community. The vastness and precise time resolution of an Internet community offers unique possibilities to monitor social network formation and dynamics. Time evolution of well-known quantities, such as clustering, mixing (degree-degree correlations), average geodesic length, degree, and reciprocity is studied. In contrast to earlier analyses of scientific collaboration networks, mixing by degree between vertices is found to be disassortative. Furthermore, both the evolutionary trajectories of the average geodesic length and of the clustering coefficients are found to have minima.
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| 7. |
- Pontén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Higher amount of MyHC IIX in a wrist flexor in tetraplegic compared to hemiplegic cerebral palsy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 266:1-2, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spastic cerebral palsy can be divided into diagnostic groups by the relative severity of the arm impairment. This study investigates if hemiplegic, tetraplegic or diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) results in different patterns of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle from 17 young patients with CP. Using enzyme-immunohistochemistry and gel electrophoresis techniques we found a higher percentage of fibers expressing fast MyHC IIx (52%) in tetraplegic CP compared to hemiplegic patients (32%), (p < 0.05). Tetraplegic CP also resulted in a lower amount of fibers expressing slow MyHC I (18%) compared to hemiplegic CP (40%), (p < 0.005). The proportion of muscle fibers containing fetal MyHC was higher in tetraplegic CP compared to other groups, (p < 0.005). Taken together theses results indicate that tetraplegic CP is associated with a shift from slow to fast myosins and that regenerative events are more prominent in tetraplegic CP compared with milder brain damage.
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| 8. |
- Walter, Ute, et al.
(författare)
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The physical environment as a driver of customers' service experiences at restaurants
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - : Emerald. - 1756-669X .- 1756-6703. ; 4:2, s. 104-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the drivers in the physical environment that help to form customers' service experiences at restaurants, as described by customers in their own words.Design/methodology/approach – A critical incident study was conducted through 122 interviews resulting in a total of 195 favourable and unfavourable customer service experiences in restaurants. Data were analysed inductively in accordance with the principles of constant comparison and the results were interpreted by regarding customers as creators of their own meaning.Findings – The physical environment has both a functional and a social dimension and it is an important driver of customer service experiences in restaurants. Customers interact with these drivers individually and create their own meanings and value expressed as feelings, thoughts, imagination and behaviour.Research limitations/implications – The results develop the tenets of service-dominant logic by offering some insight into customers' own logic in value creation and the design of the physical restaurant environment.Practical implications – Customers actively construct their own individual meanings from the physical environment, throughout the whole service process, indicating that the customer service experience is not controlled solely by restaurant management. As some drivers are only experienced in their absence or when they are noticeably disturbing or pleasing, it is important for managers to understand these dimensions in order to treat them appropriately. Both favourable and unfavourable service experiences need to be considered.Originality/value – The physical environment can be described as a dynamic driver which includes a social dimension and customers are regarded as active creators of their own experience.
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| 9. |
- Hemmingsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the school Setting Interview : An Assessment of the Student - Envirement Fit
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 11, s. 171-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The School Setting Interview (SSI) is an internationally used client-centred interview assessment that specifically investigates the student - environment fit for students with physical disabilities. In this study the Rasch measurement model was used to examine validity of the SSI; specifically, whether or not the SSI measures a unidimensional construct. Data for analysis included SSI assessments of 87 Swedish students with physical disabilities aged between 8 and 19 years of age. The results of the Rasch analysis revealed that all items had acceptable infit MnSq and z values supporting evidence of construct validity of the SSI. The established order of the difficulty of the items was also shown to be in acceptable congruence with the theoretical basis for item development. In addition, the analysis revealed aspects of the SSI that need improvements, such as the need for more challenging items and refinements of the manual. Further investigations of validity in different cultural contexts are recommended.
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