| 1. |
- Johansson, Daniel J.A., 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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A scenario based analysis of land competition between food and bioenergy production in the US
- 2007
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. ; 82:267-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greenhouse gas abatement policies will increase the demand for renewable sources of energy, including bioenergy. In combination with a global growing demand for food, this could lead to a food-fuel competition for bio-productive land. Proponents of bioenergy have suggested that energy crop plantations may be established on less productive land as a way of avoiding this potential food-fuel competition. However, many of these suggestions have been made without any underlying economic analysis. In this paper, we develop a long-term economic optimization model (LUCEA) of the U.S. agricultural and energy system to analyze this possible competition for land and to examine the link between carbon prices, the energy system dynamics and the effect of the land competition on food prices. Our results indicate that bioenergy plantations will be competitive on cropland already at carbon taxes about US $20/ton C. As the carbon tax increases, food prices more than double compared to the reference scenario in which there is no climate policy. Further, bioenergy plantations appropriate significant areas of both cropland and grazing land. In model runs where we have limited the amount of grazing land that can be used for bioenergy to what many analysts consider the upper limit, most of the bioenergy plantations are established on cropland. Under the assumption that more grazing land can be used, large areas of bioenergy plantations are established on grazing land, despite the fact that yields are assumed to be much lower (less than half) than on crop land. It should be noted that this allocation on grazing land takes place as a result of a competition between food and bioenergy production and not because of lack of it. The estimated increase in food prices is largely unaffected by how much grazing land can be used for bioenergy production.
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| 2. |
- Edvik, Anders
(författare)
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Projektformen och det industriella arvet: med exempel från sjukvården
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- It is not an exaggeration to say that the idea of organizing work task in a project similar form hasnowadays become an institutionalized understanding in work life in general. Many organizationscombine the permanent organization with temporary such, in purpose to cope with the ongoingchanging environment. Arguments as increased need for more flexible ways of organizing and a more customer oriented production, are often used to explain the important role that projects fill in organizations. Although arguments as those above are not applicable for all kinds of businesses and corporations, they have a legitimizing function in relation to the organizational field. Above all this concerns the demand of rational ways of organizing work, which the idea of projects is part in; especially when the conceptions of project carries an industrial inheritance. Single organizations are acting in accordance with societal conceptions and values (existing patterns) even if the ordinary activities are organized along with the understanding of a professional bureaucracy. Using project as an organizational form can therefore be seen not only as a way of reaching a certain achievement or coping with an uncertain environment, but also as a response to socially constructed circulating managerial ideas.The projectification of work life could be understood in terms of travelling managerial ideas in time and space. The content of the idea is however translated, while it is travelling, both by carriers and receivers which enables translation to local conditions. If the idea is not picked up by any actor, the translation and materialization processes will end. The way in which content will be translated,depends on the individual s biographical position. Experiences, hierarchical and social position, are examples that influence the individual s way of conceptualize the idea of project organization. At the same time the single actor is a part in a social context in which he or she, through socialisation processes, internalizes objectified conceptions. The individual is acting in accordance with the socially constructed conceptions which leave him or her with experiences that influence future actions. The translation of the project idea along with local conditions is therefore based on the social context in terms of an institutionalized local environment. The actions performed by the individuals make sense due to previous experiences. This means that the translation of the project organization idea is based on experiences in accordance with internalized local conceptions that enable individuals to act in a way that makes sense. The problem is however the strength of the institutionalized project idea and the environment in which the individual is acting. To be translated the idea, in terms of the industrialinheritance, has to be opened up for adaptation by acting individuals. Otherwise the materialization will end and the project idea will not be adjusted to the environment it has been spread to; the idea of project will stay as an island without connections to the organizational context. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to discuss how the institutionalized concept of project is translated and materialized when this organizational form is applied in an organization which normally is not associated with temporary organization. The focus is on the translation and materialization processes of the project as an idea and the empirical examples are three operational renewal projects in the healthcare sector. Since these three projects are aimed to end in some sort of organizational change, the doctoral thesis also discusses which function the project form has in relation to the operational and mostly professionalized bureaucratic organization.Key words: project management, project organizing, renewal projects, temporary organizations, health care, public sector, professions, professional bureaucracy, institutions, institutionalization,organizational fields, translation, materialization, interpretation, work life, operation businesses,development, change.
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| 3. |
- Hultin, Jan, 1936-
(författare)
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Etiopien: fredsförhandlingar, kris och svält
- 1990
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Ingår i: Jöran Carlsson, red. Tredje världen i tolv dagstidningar. - Göteborg : Föreningen för utvecklingsjournalistik/Nödvändiga Nyheter 1990. - 91-630-0013-X ; s. 41-48
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)
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| 4. |
- Kahn, Martin, 1969-
(författare)
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Sovjetekonomin med svenska ögon: svenska statens bild av Sovjetunionens ekonomi 1917-56
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Boken skildrar svenska statsföreträdares bild av Sovjetunionens ekonomi åren 1917-56. Skildringen är främst baserad på utrikesdepartementets och militärens analyser under perioden. Statsföreträdarnas bild relateras till modern forskning om Sovjetekonomin och deras bild placeras även in i en historisk kontext, för att utröna vilken betydelse den hade för svenska förhållanden. Statsföreträdarnas bild av Sovjetekonomin var mångfacetterad, inte sällan felaktig och av betydelse för svenska förhållanden.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Skaug, Jan, 1943-
(författare)
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Kundattityder till postorder
- 1994
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Licavhandlingen fokuserar på postorderhandelns attityder till att köpa på postorder. Inriktningen är att få bättre kunskap om postorderhandlarens inställning till postorder samt att finna attitydskillnader mellan olika kundsegment. Forskningsmaterialet grundas på dels en förstudie där 69 respondenter var föremål för personliga intervjuer. Därefter genomfördes en större kvantitativ marknadsstudie med 700 respondenter. Studien pekar på en rad olika argument som ligger till grund för val att köpa per postorder, som t ex pris, spänning och riskfaktorer etc.
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| 7. |
- Engblom, Lars-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomisk-historiska studier av massmedier
- 1988
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Ingår i: Ekonomiska perspektiv i forskning om massmedier. - Göteborg : Nordicom-Sverige. ; s. 59-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)
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| 8. |
- Hills, Gerald E., et al.
(författare)
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Promotion and advertising
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Businesses must sell. And, while the quality, price, availability, etc., of the goods and/or services to sell must fit the markets in which they are to be sold, sales do not occur unless (potential) customers know what a business has to offer. Where there is only one supplier, customer awareness is given. But in a highly competitive environment, a condition that typifies most small business markets, a gaggle of voices attempt to familiarize (potential) customers with the goods and/or services they sell and the reasons (potential) customers should patronize them rather than someone else. Effectively, each competitor endeavors to distinguish from the crowd. This differentiation process requires promotion, often including formal advertising. Successful promotion and advertising typically demands considerable amounts of human and/or physical capital. Since most small businesses are resource constrained, the promotional challenges for small-business owners and managers are even more demanding than they would be in other situations. This issue of the National Small Business Poll, therefore, focuses on Promotion and Advertising.
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| 9. |
- Hultman, Claes, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Marketing perspectives
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- There are almost six million small employers in the United States and millions of other businesses without employees. In addition, hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of businesses located outside the United States and many non-profits located within compete for American customers. The resulting cacophony makes it very difficult for the individual small-business owner to emerge from the din and market his or her firm and its products/services. Still, small-business owners and managers have no choice. They must reach their potential customer base they are to have any chance of survival, let alone success. Thus the marketing attributes and strategies employed in successful firms are of particular interest to many and yield this issue of the National Small Business Poll, Marketing Perspectives.
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| 10. |
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