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- Bröchner, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Construction productivity measures for innovation projects case study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. - American Society of Civil Engineers. - 0733-9364. ; 38:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- A 30‐year retrospective analysis of resource use in a range of new construction and repair projects reveals insignificant productivity increase when applying traditional narrow measures, as shown in a case study of beam bridges. It appears as necessary to estimate hidden quality changes in both outputs and inputs. Changes in government regulations, in specifications and the development of non‐price criteria for contract award emerge as important. Schemes for benchmarking the performance of construction projects as well as life‐cycle analyses suggest that customer risk aversion and effects on customer productivity should be taken into account. The outcome is a set of measurements which can be applied to the selection of any type of proposed new construction or repair technology innovation according to their potential impact on industry productivity
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| 2. |
- Edgar, Boo, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing the utility of university based bioscience research – trends in Norway and Sweden.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bioforum Europe. ; 5, s. 22-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- A European strategy for life science and biotechnology produced by the commission in 2002 and 2003 preceded national bioscience strategies published recently in Norway and Sweden. This article summarizes these strategies and compares them with some current trends and visions in the area of utilizing bioscience research in the two countries. In the European strategy , bioscience was placed in the frontline being seen as the next wave in the knowledge economy after information technology. Key elements in the strategy are:<br/> - Developing bioscience education<br/> - Improving the intellectual property system<br/> - Facilitating the access to capital<br/> - Networking for the stakeholders<br/> - Increase the proactive role for the public authorities<br/> - Responding to a global challenge<br/> - Implement the strategy coherently and further develop the strategy<br/> In the 19th annual provocative report "Beyond borders"[2], Ernst & Young describes the situation as not so favorable in Europe as compared to the rest of the world. In summary the bioscience industry in Europe is considered to recover and is now better positioned to move forward - but remains restricted by fundamental European issues. As can be seen in figure 1, the European number of bioscience companies is at least as high as in the US. However, there are significant differences in both size and maturity. The biotech industry is generally becoming more global and more competitive. In terms of financial figures, the industry is dominated by the activities in the US. However, Canada and Europe are catching up, driven by strong strategies. The major advantages for younger companies are the available market and resources strengths from around the world. <br/> Nevertheless, there is a still a concern around valuation and financing, where most capital and early financing is available in the US. The amounts of available funds have according to the Ernst & Young report not grown in Europe for a while. A key concern is still to build sustainable companies around experienced management teams and good products. In Europe more companies are built around a single good product idea rather than a product portfolio. Many such early stage companies are struggling to avoid the much feared "wash-out" by keeping the initially spent cash as low as possible with a non optimal development as a result..
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| 3. |
- Bennett, David
(författare)
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Tracking the trends in manufacturing technology management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - 1741-038X. ; 24:1, s. 5-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- This paper explores the practical developments in manufacturing technology management over the last 22 years and links these to some of the subject trends of previous articles in the Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Themes and relevant articles have been identified from the Emerald advanced search facility and linked with developments in hard technologies, information technology and production organization. There are numerous examples of where trends in the real world of manufacturing technology management are reflected in changes to the orientation of JMTM articles, but there are still many articles following more well-worn paths of previous academic research. Over time, practitioners can find useful connections between published research and their own emerging areas of concern. The paper is based on original bibliographic research, supplement by extensive editorial and practical experience.
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| 8. |
- Persson, U Martin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditional Cash Transfers and Payments for Environmental Services: A Conceptual Framework for Explaining and Judging Differences in Outcomes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment for Development (EfD) Discussion Paper Series. ; :EfD DP 11-06
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Despite the recent popularity of conditional cash transfers (CCT) and payments for environmental services (PES) programs, what determines their success is not well understood. We developed a conceptual framework to give insight into some of the main determinants of CCT and PES program efficiency that hope to increase investments in human and environmental capital. We used a simple agent-based model and validated the results with empirical data from existing programs. We show that 1) the share of participants who meet the program’s conditions at baseline is a powerful predictor of program efficiency, (2) and selection bias erodes program efficiency to a large extent. (Selection bias stems from agents who already meet program criteria and who self-select into programs at higher rates than those who do not meet the conditions.) Based on these results, we discuss possibilities for improving efficiency—mainly by targeting applicants or increasing payments—and criteria for evaluating and choosing CCT, PES, or other policy instruments.
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| 9. |
- Persson, U Martin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Konsensus i förändring – klimatekonomi efter Stern
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. ; 36:4, s. 65-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Med slutsatsen att snara och kraftfulla åtgärder för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser är ekonomiskt motiverade utmanade Sternrapporten den rådande bilden av klimatförändringarnas ekonomi. Trots att kritiken initialt var hård har debatten efter Sternrapporten visat på ett konsensus i förändring. Allt fler ekonomer menar att det finns många starka argument för en kraftfull klimatpolitik, men få motargument som håller. I denna artikel ger vi tre exempel på detta: alternativa etiska utgångspunkter för den ekonomiska analysen, högre uppskattningar av klimatförändringarnas kostnader, samt effekterna av begränsad substituerbarhet och förändrade relativpriser. Vi diskuterar även aggregering av kostnader mellan olika grupper och hantering av risk.
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| 10. |
- Quiroga, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Have Countries with Lax Environmental Regulations a Comparative Advantage in Polluting Industries?
- 2007
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Ingår i: RFF Discussion Paper Series. ; :RFF DP 07-08
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- We aim to study whether lax environmental regulations induce comparative advantages, causing the least-regulated countries to specialize in polluting industries. The study is based on Trefler and Zhu’s (2005) definition of the factor content of trade. For the econometrical analysis, we use a cross-section of 71 countries in 2000 to examine the net exports in the most polluting industries. We try to overcome three weaknesses in the empirical literature: the measurement of environmental endowments or environmental stringency, the possible endogeneity of the explanatory variables, and the influence of the industrial level of aggregation. As a result, we do find some evidence in favor of the pollution-haven effect. The exogeneity of the environmental endowments was rejected in several industries, and we also find that industrial aggregation matters.
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