| 1. |
- Jiang, Bin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Agent-based simulation of human movement shaped by the underlying street structure
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geographical Information Science. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1365-8816. ; 25:1, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relying on random and purposive moving agents, we simulated human movement in large street networks. We found that aggregate flow, assigned to individual streets, is mainly shaped by the underlying street structure, and that human moving behavior (either random or purposive) has little effect on the aggregate flow. This finding implies that given a street network, the movement patterns generated by purposive walkers (mostly human beings) and by random walkers are the same. Based on the simulation and correlation analysis, we further found that the closeness centrality is not a good indicator for human movement, in contrast to a long-standing view held by space syntax researchers. Instead we suggest that Google's PageRank and its modified version (weighted PageRank), betweenness and degree centralities are all better indicators for predicting aggregate flow.
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| 2. |
- Hillman, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering sustainable technologies : A framework for analysing the governance of innovation systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - 0302-3427. ; 38:5, s. 403-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals related to sustainability. Yet, there are few systematic studies mapping out what types of governance are deployed and how they influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technological innovations. This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of governance in innovation systems aimed towards sustainability. The framework is based on the literatures on governance, technological innovation systems and socio-technical transitions. We foresee empirical studies based on the framework that may serve as a needed input into governance processes. © Beech Tree Publishing 2011.
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| 3. |
- Eklinder-Frick, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging and bonding forms of social capital in a regional strategic network
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0019-8501. ; 40:6, s. 994-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on networks emphasizes the importance of bonds between actors. Social reciprocity strengthens network bonds, which is assumed to have positive effects on business relationships between firms. However,the importance of weak ties is also stressed in network research. An important policy issue is therefore if more attention should be devoted to the creation of bridges to other social groups and loosening bonds between network actors. The difficulty in doing so is described and analyzed in this article focusing on a regional strategic network, which is viewed in three network perspectives. Interview data were collected from all participating managers in a regional strategic network in 2004 and 2010. The findings shed light upon the paradox of using a regional strategic network to counteract over-embeddedness and freeing the involved actors from existing network lock-ins instead of further strengthening such social institutions.
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| 4. |
- Awuah, Gabriel Baffour, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive (networked) internationalization : The case of Swedish firms
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Marketing. - Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0309-0566. ; 45:7/8, s. 1112-1129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide deeper insights into the extent to which an independent actor(s) actively collaborates with the internationalizing firm so as to jointly determine the choice of market, the mode of entry and the level of investment committed in the market to be entered and even after the entry (i.e. the ongoing activities). Design/methodology/approach – Against the previous purpose section, a qualitative research approach is selected to guide the exploratory nature of this study. Thus qualitative data are used to build the two case studies because case studies are generally a more appropriate approach when “how” and “why” questions are being posed and when the investigator has little control over events. Findings – Based on two multiple case studies, one major finding of the study shows that independent actors, with their interconnected networks, have played and are still playing a major role in influencing the internationalization processes of each of the two firms in this study. Originality/value – This is an original paper developed based on two case studies which have not been published in any journal before. The paper highlights the role of external independent actors in internationalization, which is not mentioned at all or stressed in the extant literature.
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| 5. |
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Knowledge Integration and Innovation : Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-based Firms
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Technology-based firms continue to compete primarily on innovation, and one continuously required to present new solutions to an exacting market. As technological complexity and specialization intensifies, firms increasingly need to integrate and coordinate knowledge by means of project groups, diversified organizations, inter-organizational partnerships, and strategic alliances. Innovation processes have progressively become interdisciplinary, collaborative, inter-organizational, and international, and a firm's ability to synthesize knowledge across disciplines, organizations, and geographical locations has a major influence on its viability and success.This book demonstrates how knowledge integration is crucial in facilitating innovation within modern firms. This book provides original, detailed empirical studies of prerequisites, mechanisms, and outcomes of knowledge integration processes on several organizational levels, from key individuals, projects, and internal organizations, to collaboration between firms. It stresses the need to understand knowledge integration as a multi-level phenomenon, which requires a broad repertoire of organizational and technical means. It further clarifies the need for strong internal capabilities for exploiting external knowledge, reveals how costs of knowledge integration affect outcomes and strategic decisions, and discusses the managerial implications of fostering knowledge integration, providing practical guidance and support for managers of knowledge integration in high technology enterprises.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Integration in Inter-firm R&D Collaboration : How do Firms Manage Problems of Coordination and Cooperation?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knowledge Integration & Innovation : Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-based Firms. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 978-0-19-969392-4 - 978-0199693924 - 0199693927 ; s. 148-169
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Being R&D intensive has traditionally been seen as an impediment to outsourcing. This study confirms that empirically this was the case for a set of manufacturing industries in The Netherlands in the early 1990s, but also shows that R&D intensity became a positive predictor for changes in outsourcing levels over the 1990s, suggesting firms in R&D intensive industries have increasingly started to rely on partnership relations with outside suppliers. This confirms the need to move the analysis from scale, opportunism and appropriation concerns to a relational perspective when studying outsourcing in R&D intensive industries.
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| 7. |
- Dabhilkar, Mandar, et al.
(författare)
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Trade-offs in Make-Buy Decisions : Exploring Operating Realities of Knowledge Integration and Innovation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knowledge Integration & Innovation : Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-based Firms. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 9780199693924 - 978-0-19-969392-4 ; s. 228-245
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- In order to sustain competitive advantages, many companies are being challenged to shift their strategy from "Closed Innovation" to "Open Innovation", and also to "Crowd Innovation". In "Closed Innovation", knowledge or information was created and stored in tightly integrated organizations. Their knowledge and information were the resources to be protected by companies. The concept of "Open Innovation" encourages companies to combine internal and external knowledge and information for new value propositions. Business alliances, joint-ventures and M&A are the typical activities in "Open Innovation". The drastic progress of the Internet is creating a new wave of innovation, called "Crowd Innovation". "Crowd Innovation" is one of the key factors for corporations to exploit the enormous knowledge and information generated exponentially by the crowd of anonymous people on the Internet. In this paper, the knowledge integration process for new value propositions in "Closed", "Open" and "Crowd Innovation" is discussed, and a proposed integration process is described.
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| 8. |
- Lövblad, Mikael, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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What Do You Expect? : The Effect of Psychological Contracts on Affective Commitment in Industrial Marketing Relationships
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Relationship Marketing. - London : Routledge. - 1533-2667. ; 9:3, s. 161-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affective relationship commitment has in several studies been identified as a crucial factor in the longevity of business relationships. In this article, it is argued that affective commitment should be researched on the individual level rather than the organizational level and that relevant psychological processes need to be incorporated into theory in order to increase understanding regarding the dynamics of this aspect of relationship commitment. The psychological contract, a construct derived from organizational psychology, is tested as an antecedent to affective commitment in relationships between buyers and sellers in the market for industrial supplies in Sweden. The findings indicate that the relational orientation of the psychological contract, as well as the evaluation of the same, has explanatory value when related to affective commitment in business-to-business relationships.
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| 9. |
- Kågström, Jonas, 1972-
(författare)
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Today's perfect - tomorrow's standard : the role of consumers and the limits of policy in recycling
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- In this study the mechanisms influencing recycling rates around the system maximum are deliberated. On the one hand, Policies, System design and how Citizens understand the two aforementioned are pitted against each other. This is done in a setting where individual rewards from action are in turn set against the values of the community and the compliance measures/social marketing of recycling companies and policy makers. This is the dynamic setting of this dissertation. In the past much research into recycling has been focused on how to get recycling started. Sweden is in a bit of a different position with recycling levels often being very high in an international comparison. This means other challenges face citizens and policy makers alike. The determinants influencing recycling rates are studied and compared to contemporary research. Policy makers and social marketers that wish to see a system used to its fullest need to understand the determinants that remain to be influenced near the system optimum. The studied recycling system points to a trichotomy of determinants influencing recycling rates. Social or public marketing being one part; the community's understanding of recycling being a second part, and individual knowledge and understanding forming the third. Successive elimination of potential determinants in a Zwicky box, using statistical analysis, indicates that strengthening individual autonomy and ability to participate efficiently remains as the key to further and sustainable development in the field. The study suggests compliance rates can still be improved upon, even when recycling rates are in excess of 80%, although methods might have to change. Instead of an oft used emphasis on coercive compliance and "scare tactics", a careful study and propagation of the recycling techniques developed by the many efficient citizens is pivotal. In addition, further improvements in terms of recycling facilitation may offer policy makers a sustainable path to near system optimal recycling rates.
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| 10. |
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