| 1. |
- Windell, Karolina, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Infomediaries : CSR in the Business Press During 2000-2009
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - 0167-4544. ; 103:2, s. 221-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the important role that business media play in corporate life, scarce attention has been paid to the role of media in the construction and popularization of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this article, we understand media as a key infomediary and examine how the business press has framed and presented CSR over the last 10 years. Based on a content analysis of how CSR is presented in two English-language business newspapers with an international readership, we develop a framework for understanding the role of business media setting the corporate CSR agenda. The results show that business media contribute to the construction of what CSR means in corporate practice by creating links between CSR and certain corporate activities, between CSR and arguments that strengthen the view of CSR as a business case, and between CSR and certain spokespersons. These links contribute to create a notion of what CSR stands for, what it means in practice, and why it is important that one should pay attention to.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Stenberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Can adult education delay retirement from the Labour Market?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Population Economics. - Springer. - 0933-1433. ; 25:2, s. 677-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine whether adult education delays retirement to potentially increase labour force participation among the elderly, a mechanism suggested in the OECD strategy for “active ageing” and the “Lisbon strategy” of the EU. Using register data from Sweden, we analyse transcripts from adult education for the period 1979–2004 and annual earnings 1982–2004. We match samples of treated individuals, in adult education 1986–1989, and untreated on the propensity score. The timing of exit from the workforce is assessed by non-parametric estimation of survival rates in the labour force. The results indicate no effects of adult education on the timing of retirement.
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| 4. |
- Rämö, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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An Office on the Go : Professional Workers, Smartphones and the Return of Place
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction. - New York : IGI Publishing. - 1548-3908. ; 7:1, s. 37-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a study on how senior managers, as professional workers, in a leading ICT company use smartphones, according to new configurations of time and space. Of special interest is how smartphones act as comforting handheld consoles without being rooted in physical location. Three non-physical places, as spatial nodes, are presented: pause in the temporal current, place as a function of the intensity of communication, place in terms of becoming rooted by felt value. It is argued that highlighting non-physical places as structures emanating from the use of smartphones is an important variable to account for when studying how professionals increasingly use smartphones, both in instrumental and non-instrumental terms.
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| 5. |
- Parment, Anders, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling for Competitiveness : Strategy Formulation and Implementation through Management Control
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Strategies are important in today's highly competitive environments. Businesses as well as public sector organisations need a unifying logic, which emerges out of dialogues among its members and guides their actions. The organisation's Control System has potential to become a key to this, and itself a source of competitiveness. "Controlling for Competitiveness" describes how management control is crucial in mobilizing, using and communicating the knowledge and skills of managers and employees. Controllers should design situation-specific control systems, assuring that actions will be based on appropriate information and incentives. Enterprise Systems facilitate coordination and information exchange, thus enabling the development of a consistent and congruent strategy throughout the organisation. The involvement of all levels of management as well as most employees in this process creates motivation and commitment to the organisation's strategy. It also prepares for executing strategy through a creative use of metrics, decision tools and clarified responsibilities. The authors underline the need to understand management control as part of the organisation's control mix (control package). They provide numerous examples of how systems and people interact in shaping a strategic focus in private as well as publicly owned organisations. In addition to the authors' experiences from research and consultancy, the book is based on recent interviews with 16 leading, complex organisations in the private and public sector. Numerous examples from these and other organisations are provided.
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| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0924-977X. ; 21:10, s. 718-779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, ofan increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.Aims: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country.Methods: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders),dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis,neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27 + Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.Results: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at €798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between €285 for headache and €30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was €1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion €PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: €65.7; anxiety disorders: €74.4; brain tumor: €5.2; child/adolescent disorders: €21.3; dementia: €105.2; eating disorders: €0.8; epilepsy: €13.8; headache: €43.5; mental retardation: €43.3; mood disorders: €113.4; multiple sclerosis: €14.6; neuromuscular disorders: €7.7; Parkinson's disease: €13.9; personality disorders: €27.3; psychotic disorders: €93.9; sleep disorders: €35.4; somatoform disorder: €21.2; stroke: €64.1; traumatic brain injury: €33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted €477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US.Discussion: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges.Recommendations: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.
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| 7. |
- Calmfors, Lars
(författare)
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Turbulensen kräver mer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : Bonnier. ; 2011-12-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Haftor, Darek, et al.
(författare)
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Information Logistics as a Guide for
Research and Practice of e-Maintenance Operations
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Performability Engineering. - 0973-1318. ; 7:6, s. 593-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the development of e-maintenance operations is understood to offer promising opportunities, it seems to be mainly driven by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) applications development. This is unfortunate, as ICT has no value in itself; rather its benefit comes from the way in which it is utilized within its particular context. Thus, a conceptual framework is proposed to guide both the practice and the research of e-maintenance operations. The framework combines an Industrial Value Chain with a Buyer- Consumer Value Chain, where their intersections articulated in terms of categories derived from Information Logistics. This provides a structure for the conception of e-maintenance that needs to be populated with published research and current e-maintenance practice. This may uncover white spaces where research efforts deserve particular attention and are driven by value generation – for instance, economic. A brief case study, from a leading European truck- manufacturer, illustrates the proposed conceptual framework in application.
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| 9. |
- Kim, Jaewon, 1978-
(författare)
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Trade, Unemployment and Labour Market Institutions
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of three papers, summarized as follows. "The Determinants of Labour Market Institutions: A Panel Data Study" This paper analyses the argument that labour market institutions can be thought of as devices for social insurance. It investigates the hypotheses that a country's exposure to external risk and ethnic fractionalisation are correlated with labor market institutions. Extreme bounds analysis with panel data of fourty years indicates that countries that are more open to international trade have stricter employment protection, strong unions, and a more coordinated wage bargaining process. Moreover, there is evidence that union density is negatively associated with the degree of ethnic fracationalisation. "Why do Some Studies Show that Generous Unemployment Benefits Increase Unemployment Rates? A Meta-Analysis of Cross-Country Studies" This paper investigates the hypothesis that generous unemployment benefits give rise to high levels of unemployment by systematically reviewing 34 cross-country studies. In contrast to conventional literature surveys, I perform a meta-analysis which applies regression techniques to a set of results taken from the existing literature. The main finding is that the choice of the primary data and estimation method matter for the final outcome. The control variables in the primary studies also affect the results."The Effects of Trade on Unemployment: Evidence from 20 OECD countries" This study empirically investigates if international trade has an impact on aggregate unemployment in the presence of labour market institutions. Using data for twenty OECD countries for the years 1961-2008, this study finds that an increase in trade leads to higher aggregate unemployment as it interacts with rigid labour market institutions, whereas it may reduce aggregate unemployment if the labour market is characterised by flexibility. In a country with the average degree of the labour market rigidities, an increase in trade has no significant effect on unemployment rates.
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| 10. |
- Rödin, Magnus, 1976-
(författare)
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Gender, Ethnicity and Labor Market Disparities
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- Acculturation identity and employment among second and middle generation immigrantsThis paper explores the employment implications for individuals with a foreign background of identification to the ethnic group and to the majority culture. Results indicate that what matters for employment outcomes is an attachment to the majority culture while a strong attachment to the ethnic group is not per se detrimental for employment outcomes.Acculturation Identity and Higher Education: Is There a Trade-off Between Ethnic Identity and Education?This paper examines the role of identification to home and host cultures on the pursuit of higher educations. Results indicate that men with a bicultural identity are associated with higher probabilities of completed tertiary educations than men that identify only with the majority culture. Results put into question the premise of oppositional identities, i.e. a trade-off between ethnic identity and higher educational achievement.Is It How You Look or Speak That Matters? - An Experimental Study Exploring the Mechanisms of Ethnic DiscriminationUsing a laboratory experiment, this paper explores if beliefs about an individual’s performance are affected by how this person looks and speaks. Results show that individuals not perceived as stereotypically Swedish are considered to be worse performers. However, when candidates are presented by both looks and speech, differential evaluations based on looks disappear. Instead, we find strong negative beliefs about performance for candidates that speak Swedish with a foreign accent.Gender Differences in Exiting Tournaments - Experimental Evidence from Mexico, Norway and SwedenUsing data from a television game-show, this study examines if men and women, who have actively self-selected into a competitive environment, differ in their propensity to exit a high-stakes tournament. Results show no gender differences in the propensity to leave the tournament in all three countries tested.
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