| 1. |
- Jiang, Bin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Agent-based simulation of human movement shaped by the underlying street structure
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geographical Information Science. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1365-8816. ; 25:1, s. 51-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relying on random and purposive moving agents, we simulated human movement in large street networks. We found that aggregate flow, assigned to individual streets, is mainly shaped by the underlying street structure, and that human moving behavior (either random or purposive) has little effect on the aggregate flow. This finding implies that given a street network, the movement patterns generated by purposive walkers (mostly human beings) and by random walkers are the same. Based on the simulation and correlation analysis, we further found that the closeness centrality is not a good indicator for human movement, in contrast to a long-standing view held by space syntax researchers. Instead we suggest that Google's PageRank and its modified version (weighted PageRank), betweenness and degree centralities are all better indicators for predicting aggregate flow.
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| 2. |
- Hillman, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Fostering sustainable technologies : A framework for analysing the governance of innovation systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - 0302-3427. ; 38:5, s. 403-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals related to sustainability. Yet, there are few systematic studies mapping out what types of governance are deployed and how they influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technological innovations. This paper develops a framework for analysing the role of governance in innovation systems aimed towards sustainability. The framework is based on the literatures on governance, technological innovation systems and socio-technical transitions. We foresee empirical studies based on the framework that may serve as a needed input into governance processes. © Beech Tree Publishing 2011.
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| 3. |
- Eklinder-Frick, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging and bonding forms of social capital in a regional strategic network
- 2011
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0019-8501. ; 40:6, s. 994-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on networks emphasizes the importance of bonds between actors. Social reciprocity strengthens network bonds, which is assumed to have positive effects on business relationships between firms. However,the importance of weak ties is also stressed in network research. An important policy issue is therefore if more attention should be devoted to the creation of bridges to other social groups and loosening bonds between network actors. The difficulty in doing so is described and analyzed in this article focusing on a regional strategic network, which is viewed in three network perspectives. Interview data were collected from all participating managers in a regional strategic network in 2004 and 2010. The findings shed light upon the paradox of using a regional strategic network to counteract over-embeddedness and freeing the involved actors from existing network lock-ins instead of further strengthening such social institutions.
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| 4. |
- Awuah, Gabriel Baffour, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive (networked) internationalization : The case of Swedish firms
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Marketing. - Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0309-0566. ; 45:7/8, s. 1112-1129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this study is to provide deeper insights into the extent to which an independent actor(s) actively collaborates with the internationalizing firm so as to jointly determine the choice of market, the mode of entry and the level of investment committed in the market to be entered and even after the entry (i.e. the ongoing activities). Design/methodology/approach – Against the previous purpose section, a qualitative research approach is selected to guide the exploratory nature of this study. Thus qualitative data are used to build the two case studies because case studies are generally a more appropriate approach when “how” and “why” questions are being posed and when the investigator has little control over events. Findings – Based on two multiple case studies, one major finding of the study shows that independent actors, with their interconnected networks, have played and are still playing a major role in influencing the internationalization processes of each of the two firms in this study. Originality/value – This is an original paper developed based on two case studies which have not been published in any journal before. The paper highlights the role of external independent actors in internationalization, which is not mentioned at all or stressed in the extant literature.
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| 5. |
- Lövblad, Mikael, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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What Do You Expect? : The Effect of Psychological Contracts on Affective Commitment in Industrial Marketing Relationships
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Relationship Marketing. - London : Routledge. - 1533-2667. ; 9:3, s. 161-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affective relationship commitment has in several studies been identified as a crucial factor in the longevity of business relationships. In this article, it is argued that affective commitment should be researched on the individual level rather than the organizational level and that relevant psychological processes need to be incorporated into theory in order to increase understanding regarding the dynamics of this aspect of relationship commitment. The psychological contract, a construct derived from organizational psychology, is tested as an antecedent to affective commitment in relationships between buyers and sellers in the market for industrial supplies in Sweden. The findings indicate that the relational orientation of the psychological contract, as well as the evaluation of the same, has explanatory value when related to affective commitment in business-to-business relationships.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Combining master and apprentice roles : Potential for Learning in distributed manufacturing networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - 0963-1690. ; 19:4, s. 417-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore possible effects for learning when a manufacturing plant takes a double role, as being both master plant and apprentice plant, in a globally distributed industrialization process. Industrialization is here understood as the process of preparing new products for volume manufacturing. Two research questions are addressed. The first is what characterizes the dual roles. The second concerns how the dual roles affect knowledge integration and learning processes, and whether this arrangement facilitates learning between master and apprentice. Based on a study of a global telecom equipment company, the paper provides insights into some of the challenges and effects of dynamic switching of roles. By separating the network function from the strategic role of the plant, the study identifies four options for learning. The case adds to the literature on learning in manufacturing networks and to previous research on how distributed processes affect innovation capability.
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| 8. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Do high taxes lock-in capital gains? : Evidence from a dual income tax system
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Choice. - 0048-5829. ; 145:1-2, s. 25-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study whether investors' willingness to realize capital gains falls when the marginal tax rate on capital gains is raised. We use a rich register-based panel data set covering almost 8% of the Swedish population. The results indicate that a 10% increase in capital gains tax rate reduces the number of realizations of capital gains with 8.7% and the realized amount, given the decision to realize, with 1.9%. In addition, we find that wealthy individuals seem to respond more to changes in capital gains tax rates than less-wealthy.
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| 9. |
- Landström, Mats
(författare)
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Do Central Bank Independence Reforms Matter for Inflation Performance?
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance. - Inderscience Publishers. - 1755-3830. ; 3:4, s. 320-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A difference-in-difference approach was used to investigate whether central bank independence (CBI) reforms matter for inflation, based on a novel dataset including the possible occurrence of such reforms in 132 countries during the period 1980 to 2005. CBI-reforms are found to have contributed to bringing down high inflation rates where those existed, but they seem unrelated to performance in low-inflation countries
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| 10. |
- Mathiassen, Svend Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing cost-efficiency in mean exposure assessment – cost functions reconsidered
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Research Methodology. - 1471-2288. ; 11:76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Reliable exposure data is a vital concern in medical epidemiology and intervention studies. The present study addresses the needs of the medical researcher to spend monetary resources devoted to exposure assessment with an optimal cost-efficiency, i.e. obtain the best possible statistical performance at a specified budget. A few previous studies have suggested mathematical optimization procedures based on very simple cost models; this study extends the methodology to cover even non-linear cost scenarios.Methods. Statistical performance, i.e. efficiency, was assessed in terms of the precision of an exposure mean value, as determined in a hierarchical, nested measurement model with three stages. Total costs were assessed using a corresponding three-stage cost model, allowing costs at each stage to vary non-linearly with the number of measurements, according to a power function. Using these models, procedures for identifying the optimally cost-efficient allocation of measurements under a constrained budget were developed, and applied on 225 scenarios combining different sizes of unit costs, cost function exponents, and exposure variance components.Results. Explicit mathematical rules for identifying optimal allocation could be developed when cost functions were linear, while non-linear cost functions implied that parts of or the entire optimization procedure had to be carried out using numerical methods.For many of the 225 scenarios, the optimal strategy consisted in measuring on one occasion from each of as many subjects as allowed by the budget. Significant deviations from this principle occurred if costs for recruiting subjects were large compared to costs for setting up measurement occasions, and, at the same time, the between-subjects to within-subject variance ratio was small. In these cases, non-linearities had a profound influence on the optimal allocation and on the eventual size of the exposure data set.Conclusions. The analysis procedures developed in the present study can be used for informed design of exposure assessment strategies, provided that data are available on exposure variability and the costs of collecting and processing data. The present shortage of empirical evidence on costs and appropriate cost functions however impedes general conclusions on optimal exposure measurement strategies in different epidemiologic scenarios.
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