| 31. |
- Yin, H, et al.
(författare)
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Transcription of human endogenous retroviral sequences related to mouse mammary tumor virus in human breast and placenta : similar pattern in most malignant and nonmalignant breast tissues
- 1997
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Ingår i: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0889-2229 .- 1931-8405. ; 13:6, s. 507-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human genome contains a large variety of sequences related to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). We have investigated the range of expression of human endogenous retroviral sequences (HERVs) related to MMTV (human MMTV-like; HML) as RNA in 60 breast cancers, 8 nonmalignant breast tissues, and 9 placentas. This was monitored using HML group-specific oligonucleotide probes in hybridizations toward PCR amplificates of HML pol sequences and internal control. The degree of expression of five HML groups varied between individuals and between tissues. On average, all HML groups were less expressed in breast tissues than in placenta. The hybridization signals of some HML RNAs were strongly correlated, indicating a nonstochastic mechanism and a concerted regulation of their expression. The PCR product from one breast cancer (BC 6), which gave an exceptionally high expression with probe hml-6, with a 20 times stronger signal than the rest of the cancers, was cloned and sequenced. The HML-6 transcript sequences were homogeneous in BC 6. The most predominant clone derived from the cancer was used as a probe in Southern hybridizations. The same restriction fragments were detected in human breast tissues, PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells), and breast cancer cell lines, except for one of the breast cancers and one of the nonmalignant breast tissues, which gave different banding patterns. A comparison of HML expression in normal and malignant breast tissue from the same individual would have been more precise than our comparison of samples from different persons. Bearing this limitation in mind, with a single exception, human MMTV-like sequences were not more actively expressed in malignant than in nonmalignant breast tissues. Nevertheless, an interesting diversity in their expression, especially between individuals, was found.
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| 32. |
- Belfrage, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of superantigen-induced tolerance in vivo by interleukin-2 treatment. 1996 Submitted
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. - 1432-0851. ; 44:2, s. 77-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injection of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) activates both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing certain families of T cell receptor (TCR) variable-region beta (V beta) chain. T cells respond with profound cytokine production and induction of cytotoxicity. Repeated injections, however, cause deletion and anergy of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in reduced frequency of SEA-responsive cells TCR-V beta11+ as well as reduced cytokine levels in serum upon challenge with SEA. Exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) in vivo rescued SEA-responsive CD4+ and CD8+ cells from SEA-induced deletion and/or increase expansion of SEA-primed cells as well as preventing downregulation of endogenous IL-2 production in vivo. Combined treatment with SEA and IL-2 also superinduced production of important cytokines for the cytotoxic function of T cells, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and IL-6, on a cellular level. These studies show that continuous stimulation with IL-2 in vivo could be useful for superantigen-based immunotherapy by induction of excessive T cell activation and by prevention of the development of T cell deletion and anergy.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of malignant tumours in first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer : a population-based cohort study
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049. ; 33:13, s. 2237-2240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that hereditary prostate cancer is common among men with early onset prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malignant tumours in first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer. All prostate cancer cases diagnosed before the age of 51 years from 1958 to 1994 were identified in the population-based Swedish Cancer Register. The first-degree relatives of clinical cases were identified through parish data. Their vital status and cancer incidence were studied in the Swedish Cancer Register, the Cause of Death Register and the Census Register. The expected incidence of malignant tumours for the first-degree relatives were calculated using regional cancer register data. Cause-specific standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The study included 423 first-degree relatives of 89 men with clinical prostate cancer. The first-degree relatives' SIR for malignant tumours was 0.99 (95% CI 0.78-1.23). The SIR for prostate cancer diagnosed at any age was 1.43 (95% CI 0.82-2.33), and 3.37 for first-degree relatives diagnosed before the age of 70 years (95% CI 1.36-6.94). There was no significantly increased risk of any non-prostatic malignant tumour. Only in five of the families did the pedigree show a pattern of hereditary prostate cancer. The first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer had more than a 3-fold increase in the risk of developing prostate cancer before the age of 70 years, but their total cancer risk was not increased. This study does not support the assumption that dominantly inherited susceptibility is a major cause of early onset prostate cancer.
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| 35. |
- Brun, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Early prediction of treatment outcome in head and neck cancer with 2-18FDG PET
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 36:7, s. 741-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of alternative treatment regimens in clinical oncology has increased the need for early prediction of cancer therapy outcome. The aim of this study was, early in the treatment phase, to identify patients with advanced head and neck cancer, responding or not responding to initiated therapy. The tumour metabolic rate of glucose (MRgl) examined by 2-18FDG-PET was determined in 17 patients before and after the first weeks of either radiotherapy (16-35 Gy) or one course of combination chemotherapy. Metabolic values uptake values normalized to plasma activity integrals--were correlated to loco-regional outcome, as evaluated 5-6 weeks after completion of treatment. Initial low tumour MRgl (<20 micromol/min/100 g tissue), in primary lesions or regional metastases, predicted a local complete response. When a high initial tumour MRgl was found, the magnitude of the reduction of MRgl in the second PET examination might be an adjunct in predicting local tumour response.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Chow, W. H., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of urinary tract cancers following kidney or ureter stones
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 89:19, s. 1453-1457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A relationship has been suggested between kidney or ureter stones and the development of urinary tract cancers. In this study, a population-based cohort of patients hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones in Sweden was followed for up to 25 years to examine subsequent risks for developing renal cell, renal pelvis/ureter, or bladder cancer.Methods: Data from the national Swedish In-patient Register and the national Swedish Cancer Registry were linked to follow 61,144 patients who were hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones from 1965 through 1983. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed on the basis of nationwide cancer incidence rates, after adjustment for age, sex, and calendar year.Results: Risk of renal cell cancer was not elevated in this cohort. Significant excesses of renal pelvis/ureter cancer (SIR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.8-3.3) and bladder cancer (SIR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.6) were observed, but the SIRs for women were more than twice those for men. Risks varied little by age or duration of follow-up. Risks of renal pelvis/ureter cancer and bladder cancer among patients with an associated diagnosis of urinary tract infection were more than double those among patients without such infection, although the risks were significantly elevated in both groups.Conclusions: Individuals hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones are at increased risk of developing renal pelvis/ureter or bladder cancer, even beyond 10 years of follow-up. Chronic irritation and infection may play a role, since kidney or ureter stones were located on the same side of the body as the tumors in most patients with renal pelvis/ureter cancer evaluated in our study.
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| 38. |
- Fernö, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of estrogen and progesterone receptor enzyme immunoassay in breast cancer cytosol samples--a Swedish multicenter study. Swedish Society of Cancer Study Group
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 36:8, s. 793-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen and progesterone receptor analysis results were compared within and between six laboratories in Sweden using frozen breast cancer cytosol samples, and the same technique (enzyme immunoassay, Abbott Laboratories). The concordance in receptor status (positive vs. negative) was excellent (98.4% (571/580)). The discordant results were attributable to values near cut-off (n = 4) or outliers (n = 5), the latter probably being due to analytical errors. One laboratory reported significantly higher ER concentrations than the others; thus caution should be observed when comparing absolute values from different centers. For PgR there were similar differences between the laboratories. However, the intra- and inter-laboratory differences were small compared with the overall variability in ER and PgR content between different samples in a large database. The range of the median intra-laboratory coefficient of variation was 11-23% for ER and 12-19% for PgR, indicating that there is room for improvement in the quality of assay performance.
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| 39. |
- Gustafson, Pelle, et al.
(författare)
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Flow cytometric S-phase fraction in soft-tissue sarcoma: prognostic importance analysed in 160 patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 1532-1827. ; 75:1, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We could determine the S-phase fraction (SPF) by flow cytometric DNA analysis of paraffin archival material in 160 of 260 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of extremity and trunk wall. The prognostic value of SPF was compared with other clinicopathological factors. The median follow-up time was 16 (6-31) years. In a univariate analysis, deep tumour location, increasing tumour size and histological malignancy grade, microscopic tumour necrosis, vascular invasion, DNA non-diploidy and high SPF (>3.0%) were associated with poor metastasis-free survival. In a multivariate analysis, microscopic tumour necrosis and high SPF were independently prognostic for metastasis. Used in combination with tumour size, microscopic tumour necrosis and vascular invasion, SPF could identify a group of patients with a 5-year metastasis-free survival rate of 0.97. This group constituted one-quarter of all patients. Patients with low SPF who did recur had a prolonged clinical course both as regards metastases and local recurrence. We conclude that SPF is a valuable adjunct in prognostication in soft-tissue sarcoma.
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| 40. |
- Heimdal, K, et al.
(författare)
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A segregation analysis of testicular cancer based on Norwegian and Swedish families
- 1997
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 0007-0920. ; 75:7, s. 7-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clustering of testicular cancer cases in families is well known, although the aetiology is not. We present the results of a segregation analysis performed with the algorithm Pointer on familial data on 978 Scandinavian patients with testicular cancer. The segregation analysis favoured the involvement of major gene effects over models incorporating solely polygenic effects in testicular cancer aetiology. Overall, a recessive model best fits the family observations with an estimated gene frequency of 3.8% and a lifetime risk for homozygous men of developing the disease of 43%. This implies that 7.6% of men in the general population will be carriers of the mutant allele and that 0.1% would be homozygote and are, therefore, at high risk of developing the cancer. The testicular cancer incidence has changed greatly during the last generation. Also, the lethality of the disease has changed because of the introduction of new therapy. As failure to take account of such time trends might lead to inappropriate evidence for a recessive model, the analyses were repeated under different assumptions. The analyses favoured a recessive model of inheritance under all assumptions tested. However, the assumptions underlying the analyses are complex and, as this is the first segregation analysis of testicular cancer, the results must be interpreted cautiously.
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