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- Chilo, José, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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A flexible electronic nose for odor discrimination using different methods of classification
- 2009
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In: 2009 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference - Conference Record. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424444557 ; , s. 317-320, s. 317-320
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women. The lifetime risk is around 1.5%, which makes it the second most common gynecologic malignancy (the first one being breast cancer). To have a definitive diagnose, a surgical procedure is generally required and suspicious areas (samples) will be removed and sent for microscopic and other analysis. This paper describes the result of a pilot study in which an electronic nose is used to "smell" the aforementioned samples, analyze the multi-sensor signals and have a close to real-time answer on the detection of cancer. Besides being fast, the detection method is inexpensive and simple. Experimental analysis using real ovarian carcinoma samples shows that the use of proper algorithms for analysis of the multi-sensor data from the electronic nose yielded surprisingly good results with more than 77% classification rate. The electronic nose used in this pilot study was originally developed to be used as a "bomb dog" and can distinguish between e.g. TNT, Dynamex, Prillit. However, it was constructed to be a flexible multi-sensor device and the individual (16) sensors can easily be replaced/exchanged. This is suggestive for further investigations to obtain even better results with new, specific sensors. In another pilot experiment, headspace of an ovarian carcinoma sample and a control sample were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant differences in chemical composition and compound levels were recorded, which would explain the different response obtained with the electronic nose.
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| 3. |
- Gillberg, M., et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal changes in the sleep habits of Swedish adolescents
- 2006
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In: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 15:Suppl. 1, s. 83-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Sleep habits change during adolescence both for biological and psychological/social reasons. Longitudinal studies on suchhabits are, however, scarce. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the longitudinal changes of subjective sleep habits in Swedish adolescents.Method: The present study was part of a larger investigation mainlyon food habits that originally included all (about 2500) 14 year oldfrom three representative middle-sized Swedish towns. The adolescents filled in questionnaires at 14, 15 and 18 years of age. The 638 adolescents that answered all the questions on their sleephabits at each of the three occasions were included in the present study.Results and discussion: The adolescents developed later weekday bed- and rise times with increasing age (bedtimes from 22:35 h to23:20 h; risetimes from 06:50 h to 07:05 h). Consequently, time inbed on weekday nights decreased (from 8:15 h to 7:45 h). On weekends the adolescents went to bed later (around 2 h) and stayed in bed longer (around 1:20 h) than during the weekdays. Weekend time in bed decreased with increasing age. Differences between genders indicated that the changes observed were more obvious among boys. A dropout analysis implied that those adolescents that only participated at one occasion (at the age of 14) or at two occasions (at 14 and 15 years of age), respectively, went to bed later, woke up later and had shorter sleep compared to those who participated at all three occasions. Hence, the results might not be completely representative.Conclusions: A delay of bedtimes and of shortening of sleep duration as a function of age was observed. Weekend changes showed a delay of bedtimes and a (presumably) compensatory increase in sleep duration. Boys seemed 'worse off'.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Skeletal muscle morphology in power-lifters with and without anabolic steroids
- 2005
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In: Histochemistry and Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0948-6143 .- 1432-119X. ; 124:2, s. 167-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The morphological appearance of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle from high-level power-lifters on long-term anabolic steroid supplementation (PAS) and power-lifters never taking anabolic steroids (P) was compared. The effects of long- and short-term supplementation were compared. Enzyme-immunohistochemical investigations were performed to assess muscle fiber type composition, fiber area, number of myonuclei per fiber, internal myonuclei, myonuclear domains and proportion of satellite cells. The PAS group had larger type I, IIA, IIAB and IIC fiber areas (p<0.05). The number of myonuclei/fiber and the proportion of central nuclei were significantly higher in the PAS group (p<0.05). Similar results were seen in the trapezius muscle (T) but additionally, in T the proportion of fibers expressing developmental myosin isoforms was higher in the PAS group compared to the P group. Further, in VL, the PAS group had significantly larger nuclear domains in fibers containing > or = 5 myonuclei. The results of AS on VL morphology in this study were similar to previously reported short-term effects of AS on VL. The initial effects from AS appear to be maintained for several years.
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| 6. |
- Blomqvist, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Validity and reliability of the Dynamic One Leg Stance (DOLS) in people with vision loss
- 2007
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In: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 9:3, s. 129-135
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study tests the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a new functional balance test – the Dynamic One Leg Stance (DOLS) in blind subjects and sighted, blindfolded subjects. Twelve blind and 12 sighted men and women between 19 and 61 years volunteered to participate. The correlation between DOLS and the commonly used One Leg Stance balance test (OLS) and the force platform test (FPT) was tested for both the right and left leg. The test–retest reliability of DOLS was analysed using three measurements at least 2 h apart. The correlation between DOLS and FPT and between DOLS and OLS for blind subjects was −0.13 (n.s.) and 0.77 for the left leg and −0.78 and 0.89 for the right leg. For blindfolded subjects, the correlations were −0.56 (n.s.) and 0.93 for the left leg and −0.61 and 0.71 for the right leg. The weighted Kappa values for DOLS were between 0.47 and 0.88 for blind subjects and between 0.47 and 0.72 for blindfolded subjects. Based on these findings, DOLS appears to be a fairly valid and reliable balance test for subjects with vision loss, acquired and experimental. However, further tests of DOLS are necessary.
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| 7. |
- Neumann, W. P., et al.
(author)
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Production system design elements influencing productivity and ergonomics - A case study of parallel and serial flow strategies
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Operations & Production Management. - : Emerald. - 0144-3577 .- 1758-6593. ; 26:8, s. 904-923
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate a strategic change from parallel cell-based assembly (old) to serial-line assembly (new) in a Swedish company with special reference to how production system design elements affect both productivity and ergonomics. Design/methodology/approach - Multiple methods, including records and video analysis, questionnaires, interviews, biomechanical modelling, and flow simulation were applied. Findings - The new system, unlike the old, showed the emergence of system and balance losses as well as vulnerability to disturbances and difficulty handling all product variants. Nevertheless, the new system as realised partially overcame productivity barriers in the operation and management of the old system. The new system had impaired ergonomics due to decreased physical variation and increased repetitiveness with cycle times that were 6 per cent of previous thus increasing repetitiveness, and significantly reducing perceived influence over work. Workstations' uneven exposure to physical tasks such as nut running created a potential problem for workload management. The adoption of teamwork in the new system contributed to significantly increased co-worker support - an ergonomic benefit. Practical implications - Design decisions made early in the development process affect both ergonomics and productivity in the resulting system. While the time pattern of physical loading appeared to be controlled by flow and work organisation elements, the amplitude of loading was determined more by workstation layout. Psychosocial conditions appear to be affected by a combination of system elements including layout, flow, and work organisation elements. Strategic use of parallelisation elements in assembly, perhaps in hybrid forms from configurations observed here, appears to be a viable design option for improved performance by reducing the fragility and ergonomic problems of assembly lines. Originality/value - The interacting design elements examined here pose potential "levers" of control by which productivity and ergonomics could be jointly optimised for improved total system performance.
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| 9. |
- Lidskog, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Learning about each other : Students' conceptions before and after interprofessional education on a training ward
- 2008
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In: Journal of Interprofessional Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-1820 .- 1469-9567. ; 22:5, s. 521-533
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In interprofessional work the striving of the members of each profession to establish their own positive in-group identity can be a source of conflict and have a negative effect on care. To counteract this, interprofessional training wards (IPTWs) have been developed in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to investigate similarities and differences in how student nurses, student occupational therapists and student social workers perceived their own and the other two professions before and after clinical education on an IPTW. Sixteen students were interviewed before and after the training on an IPTW in municipal care for older people in Sweden. A coding scheme developed in an earlier study was used in the analysis of the interviews. The findings indicate that there are changes in the students' stereotyped views, enhancing understanding of each other's professions after three weeks' clinical education on the IPTW. In some areas, however, there are still discrepancies between the description of own profession and the others' understanding of this profession that need to be confronted. In interprofessional training during education in social and health care there needs to be a balance between on the one hand the particular professional identity, on the other the shared identity implied by membership of the health-care team focusing on a common goal.
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| 10. |
- Boman, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Strength of noise effects on memory as a function of noise source and age
- 2005
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In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 7:27, s. 11-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objectives in this paper were to analyse noise effects on episodic and semantic memory performance in different age groups, and to see whether age interacted with noise in their effects on memory. Data were taken from three separate previous experiments, that were performed with the same design, procedure and dependent measures with participants from four age groups (13-14, 18-20, 35-45 and 55-65 years). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) meaningful irrelevant speech, (b) road traffic noise, and (c) quiet. The results showed effects of both noise sources on a majority of the dependent measures, both when taken alone and aggregated according to the nature of the material to be memorised. However, the noise effects for episodic memory tasks were stronger than for semantic memory tasks. Further, in the reading comprehension task, cued recall and recognition were more impaired by meaningful irrelevant speech than by road traffic noise. Contrary to predictions, there was no interaction between noise and age group, indicating that the obtained noise effects were not related to the capacity to perform the task. The results from the three experiments taken together throw more light on the relative effects of road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech on memory performance in different age groups.
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