| 11. |
- Hedelin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary phytoestrogen, serum enterolactone and risk of prostate cancer : the cancer prostate Sweden study (Sweden)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Orebro, Sweden. Ctr Assessment Med Technol, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, SF-00100 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Inst Prevent Med Nutr & Canc, Folkhalsan Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci Oncol, Umea, Sweden. : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 17:2, s. 169-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Based on evidence that phytoestrogens may protect against prostate cancer, we evaluated the associations between serum enterolactone concentration or dietary phytoestrogen intake and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS: In our Swedish population-based case-control study, questionnaire-data were available for 1,499 prostate cancer cases and 1,130 controls, with serum enterolactone levels in a sub-group of 209 cases and 214 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS: High intake of food items rich in phytoestrogens was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.95; p-value for trend: 0.01). In contrast, we found no association between dietary intake of total or individual lignans or isoflavonoids and risk of prostate cancer. Intermediate serum levels of enterolactone were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. The ORs comparing increasing quartiles of serum enterolactone concentration to the lowest quartile were, respectively, 0.28 (95% CI: 0.15-0.55), 0.63 (95% CI: 0.35-1.14) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.41-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that certain foods high in phytoestrogens are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer.
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| 12. |
- Tomlins, Scott A., et al.
(författare)
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The role of SPINK1 in ETS rearrangement-negative prostate cancers
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1535-6108 .- 1878-3686. ; 13:6, s. 519-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ETS gene fusions have been characterized in a majority of prostate cancers; however, the key molecular alterations in ETS-negative cancers are unclear. Here we used an outlier meta-analysis (meta-COPA) to identify SPINK1 outlier expression exclusively in a subset of ETS rearrangement-negative cancers ( approximately 10% of total cases). We validated the mutual exclusivity of SPINK1 expression and ETS fusion status, demonstrated that SPINK1 outlier expression can be detected noninvasively in urine, and observed that SPINK1 outlier expression is an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after resection. We identified the aggressive 22RV1 cell line as a SPINK1 outlier expression model and demonstrate that SPINK1 knockdown in 22RV1 attenuates invasion, suggesting a functional role in ETS rearrangement-negative prostate cancers.
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| 13. |
- Dreifaldt, Ann Charlotte, 1964-
(författare)
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Epidemiological aspects on malignant diseases in childhood
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The trends of malignant diseases in children aged 0 to 14 years, reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry 1960–1998 (n=9 298) were analyzed. The most common diagnoses were leukemia, 29.7%, tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), 27.6%, and lymphomas, 10.2%. The average annual incidence rate of childhood malignant diseases 1990–1998 was 16.19/100 000 person-years. Average annual change in incidence rate of all childhood cancer was +1.01% (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.80-1.22). Statistically significant increase was seen for leukemia +0.85% (95% CI=0.42–1.28), lymphomas +1.87% (95% CI=1.17–2.58), CNS tumors +1.45% (95% CI=1.02–1.88), sympathetic nervous system tumors +1.61% (95% CI=0.79–2.44), hepatic tumors +2.62% (95% CI=2.02–3.21), and germ cell and gonadal tumors +1.21% (95% CI=0.23–2.19). Children are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) during fetal life and breast-feeding. In a case-control study including cases of childhood cancer reported to the Cancer Registry 1988–1991 (n=962) we used breastfeeding duration as a surrogate for exposure to POPs. One matched control per case was used. Information on breast-feeding, vaccinations and chronic illness was collected from copies of the children’s Child Health Center records. Overall, breast-feeding did not affect the risk of childhood cancer, OR=1.0 (95% CI=0.7–1.3) using breast-feeding up to one month as reference. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) OR for breast-feeding for >1 month yielded OR=5.0 (95% CI=1.1–23). No association was seen between preschool vaccinations and childhood cancer except for lymphomas and measles/measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, OR=0.2 (95% CI=0.1–0.6). Increased risk of all cancer was found for congenital malformations, OR=1.7 (95% CI=0.97–2.9), especially of leukemia, OR=3.0 (95% CI=1.5–5.8). Children with disorders of brain function had an increased risk of all cancer, OR=6.0 (95% CI=1.3–27), especially of brain tumors, OR=10 (95% CI=1.3–78). A childhood population expected to be more exposed to POPs is children of fishermen. In a register-based study, the cancer incidence rates in a cohort of fishermen children (at age 0-19 years) were compared to the rates of referent children. A modestly increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) of childhood cancer was found, IRR=1.38 (95% CI=0.96–2.00) and an increased IRR for acute lymphoid leukemia, IRR=2.65 (95% CI=1.005–6.97). In west coast fishermen children, an increased IRR was observed for NHL, IRR=3.19 (95% CI=0.98–10.4).
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| 14. |
- Roshanai, Afsaneh Hayat, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer genetic counselees' self-reported psychological distress, changes in life, and adherence to recommended surveillance programs 3-7 years post counseling
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Genetic Counseling. - : Wiley. - 1059-7700 .- 1573-3599. ; 18:2, s. 185-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate psychological distress, changes in life, adherence to surveillance programs and satisfaction with cancer genetic counseling based on Swedish participants' self-reported data. A total of 218 probands (72% response rate) affected by breast, breast/ovarian or colorectal cancer and/or a family history of cancer were surveyed 3-7 years after receiving cancer genetic counseling. Participants reported a relatively high level of anxiety and a low level of depression. Probands affected by colorectal cancer reported a higher level of depression than did non-affected individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer. Overall, the participants reported moderate changes in family relations, priorities and appreciation of daily life activities. The majority of at-risk probands reportedly adhered to recommended surveillance programs. The mean level of satisfaction with cancer genetic counseling was high. About half of the participants would have accepted additional counseling sessions, contact with a psychologist or further help concerning informing family members. The present results indicate no adverse effects of genetic counseling, but they do suggest that typical counseling procedures could be improved by provision of additional psychosocial support.
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| 15. |
- Hoff, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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In the shadow of bad news - views of patients with acute leukaemia, myeloma or lung cancer about information, from diagnosis to cure or death
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Palliative Care. - 1472-684X. ; 6:Article nr. 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have been published about giving and receiving bad messages. However, only a few of them have followed the patients all the way through a disease as is done in this study. Many studies have been written about patients' coping strategies. In this study we will keep within the bounds of coping through information only. The aim of the study is to investigate patients' views of information during the trajectory of their disease, whether their reactions differ from each other and whether they differ in different phases of the disease.
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| 16. |
- Ericson Lindquist, Kajsa
(författare)
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Tumors associated with Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer: Defective Mismatch Repair and Familial Risk of Cancer
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is a tumorigenic mechanism involved in 15-20% of tumor types such as colorectal and endometrial cancer and is specifically associated with the Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. These MMR defective tumors are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenomenon that reflects alterations in length of repeated sequences, and 90% of MSI tumors show loss of immunohistochemical expression for the MMR protein affected. HNPCC yields an increased risk for several tumor types; cancer of the colorectum (80-90% lifetime risk), endometrium (40-60%), ovary (5-15%), stomach (5-15%), urinary tract, small bowel, skin, and brain. The syndrome is characterized by an early age (mean 45 years) at diagnosis and one third of the patients develop metachronous tumors. The major aims of this thesis were to assess the contribution of defective MMR to the development of the more rare tumor types associated with HNPCC and to assess cancer risks in children whose parents had developed HNPCC-associated tumors. In study I, patients who developed multiple (at least 4) primary tumors, including two colorectal cancers, were assessed for MSI and immunohistochemical expression of the MMR proteins MLH1 and MSH2. MSI was identified in 63/154 (40%) tumors, 55 of which also showed immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression. A concordant finding of MSI and loss of the same MMR protein, which strongly suggest HNPCC, was found in 17/45 (38%) patients, which suggests that a high fraction of such multiple tumors are caused by HNPCC. In studies II and III, the frequency of defective MMR was studied in adenocarcinomas of the small intestine and in upper urinary tract cancers (UUC). MSI was detected in 16/89 (18%) of cancers of the small intestine and in 9/194 (4%) UUC. MMR protein expression loss affected 11 cancers of the small intestine and 11 UUC. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) represents one of the largest subsets of soft tissue sarcomas, and occasional MFHs have been described in HNPCC-families. In study IV, we assessed MMR expression in a series of 209 MFH and found loss of MSH2 and MSH6 in 2 MFH. Study V is based on the national Swedish cancer registry and analyses familial risk of HNPCC-associated tumors. Cancer risks were calculated in 204 358 offspring whose 102 814 parents had developed HNPCC-associated cancer and the risks were correlated to the age of the parent, metachronous tumors in the parent, and presence of several HNPCC-associated cancers in the family. Significantly increased risks were observed for several tumor types, including colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. The highest offspring risks were observed in the subgroup with multiple HNPCC-associated cancers in the parent. In summary, we have demonstrated that MMR defects are common in patients who develop multiple primary tumors, occur at similar frequencies in cancers of the small intestine and the colon, contribute to development of UUC and MFH at low frequencies, and that HNPCC-associated tumor in a parent confer an increased risk of several cancer types in the offspring, especially if the parent developed more than one cancer or cancer at a young age.
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(författare)
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Cultured milk, yogurt, and dairy intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in a prospective study of Swedish women and men
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethseda, Md. : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:4, s. 1083-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Findings from epidemiologic studies of the effect of dairy foods (mainly milk) on the risk of bladder cancer have been inconsistent. Objective:We aimed to examine the association between the intake of cultured milk and other dairy foods and the incidence of bladder cancer in a prospective, population-based cohort. Design:We prospectively followed 82 002 Swedish women and men who were cancer-free and who completed a 96-item food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. Incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. Results:During a mean follow-up of 9.4 y, 485 participants (76 women and 409 men) were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Total dairy intake was not significantly associated with risk of bladder cancer [7.0 servings/d compared with < 3.5 servings/d: multivariate rate ratio (RR) = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.15; P for trend = 0.33]. However, a statistically significant inverse association was observed for the intake of cultured milk (sour milk and yogurt). The multivariate RRs for the highest category of cultured milk intake (2 servings/d) compared with the lowest category (0 serving/d) were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.85; P for trend = 0.006) in women and men combined, 0.55 (95% CI: 0.25, 1.22; P for trend = 0.06) in women, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.89; P for trend = 0.03) in men. The intake of milk or cheese was not associated with bladder cancer risk.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(författare)
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Meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a Swedish prospective cohort
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Berlin : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 20:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background High meat consumption could potentially increase the risk of bladder cancer, but findings from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a population-based cohort study. Methods We prospectively followed 82,002 Swedish women and men who were free from cancer and completed a food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. Incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and total energy intake. Results During a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, 485 incident cases of bladder cancer (76 women and 409 men) were ascertained in the cohort. We observed no association between the intake of total or any specific type of meat and the risk of bladder cancer. The multivariate HRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest and the lowest category of intake were 1.05 (0.71–1.55) for total meat, 1.00 (0.71–1.41) for red meat, 1.01 (0.80–1.28) for processed meats, 0.96 (0.70–1.30) for chicken/poultry, and 0.92 (0.65–1.30) for fried meats/fish. The associations did not vary by sex or smoking status. Conclusions These results do not support the hypothesis that intake of red meat, processed meat, poultry, or fried meats/fish is associated with the risk of developing bladder cancer.
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| 19. |
- Fall, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of death certificates in prostate cancer patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 42:4, s. 352-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of cause-of-death diagnoses among prostate cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information from death certificates obtained from the Swedish Death Register was compared with systematically reviewed medical records from the population-based Swedish Regional Prostate Cancer Register, South-East Region. In total, 5675 patients were included who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1987 and 1999 and who had died before 1 January 2003. RESULTS: The proportion of prostate cancer cases classified as having died from prostate cancer was 3% higher in the official death certificates than in the reviewed records [0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.04]. Overall agreement between the official cause of death and the reviewed data was 86% (95% CI 85 to 87%). A higher accuracy was observed among men with localized disease (88%, 95% CI 87 to 89%), aged 60 years or younger at death (96%, 95% CI 93 to 100%), or who had undergone curative treatment (91%, 95% CI 88 to 95%). This study indicates a relatively high reliability of official cause-of-death statistics of prostate cancer patients in Sweden. CONCLUSION: Mortality data obtained from death certificates may be useful in the evaluation of large-scale prostate cancer intervention programmes, especially among younger patients with localized disease.
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| 20. |
- Högberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Gynekologisk onkologi
- 2008. - 2
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Ingår i: Onkologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147084012 ; , s. 488-533
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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