| 1. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Jing, Yujia, 1985
(författare)
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Hyperthermia-responsive liposomal systems
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Sophisticated liposomal systems are emerging at an increasing rate to meet the demands for multifunctional drug carriers in chemotherapies in combined with hyperthermia. For example, liposomal drug carriers for temperature-controlled drug release under hyperthermic conditions have recently been tested in clinical trials. More advanced designs of liposomes are expected to release encapsulated contents and activate hidden surface-functions in response to heat stimulus. Towards this aim, the present thesis is focused on formulating asymmetric lipid systems that can preserve functional moieties, and reactivate the targeted function as well as release the encapsulated compounds upon local heating. The design of the asymmetric liposomal systems utilizes the heat-activated transmembrane lipid diffusion during gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions of the lipid membranes.Rational design of advanced liposomal drug-delivery systems will require understanding of the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes under, e.g., hyperthermic conditions. Here, supported lipid membranes on planar solid surfaces were used for model studies of lipid composition yielding a gel to liquid crystalline phase-transition temperature in the range 40 – 45 °C. It was found that the liposome-to-membrane formation process is not only size-dependent but also governed by temperature. Two methods of preparing supported asymmetric lipid membranes were investigated. As a proof-of-concept, the upper leaflets were either replaced or chemically transformed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The processes were monitored using surface sensitive techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and dual polarization interferometry (DPI). The asymmetric structures were stable at a room temperature, while lipid flip-flop was induced upon increasing of the temperature. Transmembrane lipid exchange in the asymmetric structure under hyperthermic conditions was demonstrated by detecting, through streptavidin binding, biotinylated lipids appearing at the top leaflet which were first located in the lower leaflet. The protocols developed for the supported lipid systems were adapted for the preparation of asymmetric liposomes. Biotinylated asymmetric liposomes were used as a model system to demonstrate the principle of heat-activated targeting of asymmetric liposomes to streptavidin-coated surfaces. More biologically relevant interaction was utilized to replace the biotin-streptavidin function, where asymmetric cationic liposomes were binding to anionic supported membrane immobilized surfaces upon heating. The described strategies for assembly of asymmetric supported membranes provide a guide to the development of multifunctional drug carriers. The protocols used in experiments with supported membranes were readily adapted to the preparation of asymmetric liposomes. The ongoing study tests the asymmetric liposomes in vitro, which is designed to demonstrate hyperthermia treatment can enhance accumulation of liposomes in FaDu cells, and at the same time activate release of the encapsulated components. The results of in vitro tests can be used to analyze the feasibility of utilizing the asymmetric liposomes as a platform in vivo to explore further improvement in their functions upon microwave hyperthermia.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Sören, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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CHIMERIC MOMP ANTIGEN
- 2015
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Visuttijai, Kittichate, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Lowered Expression of Tumor Suppressor Candidate MYO1C Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Suppresses Cell Adhesion and Activates AKT
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 11:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myosin-1C (MYO1C) is a tumor suppressor candidate located in a region of recurrent losses distal to TP53. Myo1c can tightly and specifically bind to PIP2, the substrate of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and to Rictor, suggesting a role for MYO1C in the PI3K pathway. This study was designed to examine MYO1C expression status in a panel of well-stratified endometrial carcinomas as well as to assess the biological significance of MYO1C as a tumor suppressor in vitro. We found a significant correlation between the tumor stage and lowered expression of MYO1C in endometrial carcinoma samples. In cell transfection experiments, we found a negative correlation between MYO1C expression and cell proliferation, and MYO1C silencing resulted in diminished cell migration and adhesion. Cells expressing excess of MYO1C had low basal level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB, a.k.a. AKT) and cells with knocked down MYO1C expression showed a quicker phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) response in reaction to serum stimulation. Taken together the present study gives further evidence for tumor suppressor activity of MYO1C and suggests MYO1C mediates its tumor suppressor function through inhibition of PI3K pathway and its involvement in loss of contact inhibition.
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| 6. |
- Memedi, Mevludin, et al.
(författare)
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Validity and responsiveness of at-home touch-screen assessments in advanced Parkinson's disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-2194 .- 2168-2208. ; 19:6, s. 1829-1834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate if a telemetry test battery can be used to measure effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment intervention and disease progression in patients with fluctuations. Sixty-five patients diagnosed with advanced PD were recruited in an open longitudinal 36-month study; 35 treated with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and 30 were candidates for switching from oral PD treatment to LCIG. They utilized a test battery, consisting of self-assessments of symptoms and fine motor tests (tapping and spiral drawings), four times per day in their homes during week-long test periods. The repeated measurements were summarized into an overall test score (OTS) to represent the global condition of the patient during a test period. Clinical assessments included ratings on Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and 39-item PD Questionnaire (PDQ-39) scales. In LCIG-naïve patients, mean OTS compared to baseline was significantly improved from the first test period on LCIG treatment until month 24. In LCIG-non-naïve patients, there were no significant changes in mean OTS until month 36. The OTS correlated adequately with total UPDRS (rho = 0.59) and total PDQ-39 (0.59). Responsiveness measured as effect size was 0.696 and 0.536 for OTS and UPDRS respectively. The trends of the test scores were similar to the trends of clinical rating scores but dropout rate was high. Correlations between OTS and clinical rating scales were adequate indicating that the test battery contains important elements of the information of well-established scales. The responsiveness and reproducibility were better for OTS than for total UPDRS.
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| 7. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2015
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AHA festival investigates the borders between art and science in a three-day event at the Chalmers University of Technology hosted by the Department of Architecture. An international festival intended to provide enlightening experiences, staging surprises, new thoughts and displaced perspectives that lead to alternative modes of thinking about the space between art and science. We invite scientists (physicists, historians, mathematicians, medical students), artists (dancers, musicians, painters, poets, chefs) and not least architects, who reside in these borderlands and wish to share their vision and work. The key intention is to celebrate both art and science as key knowledge building devices.
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| 8. |
- Hamrin Senorski, Eric, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Concomitant injuries may not reduce the likelihood of achieving symmetrical muscle function one year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective observational study based on 263 patients.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 2966-2977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of patient characteristics and the way common concomitant injuries affect the recovery of muscle function after surgery should help providers to treat patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether patient characteristics, concomitant injuries and graft choice at ACL reconstruction were associated with symmetrical knee muscle function at one year. The hypothesis was that the presence of concomitant injuries would negatively influence the opportunity to achieve symmetrical knee function at the one-year follow-up.Data was extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register and a rehabilitation outcome register between August 2012 and December 2016. The patients had been evaluated with a battery of tests comprising knee extension and flexion strength, vertical jump, hop for distance and the side-hop test one year after ACL reconstruction. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with achieving a limb symmetry index (LSI) of ≥ 90% in all tests of muscle function as primary outcome.A total of 263 patients with a mean age of 26.7 ± 10.3 years were included in the study (47% females). No patient demographic or intra-operative predictors were found to be significant when attempting to predict the achievement of a symmetrical muscle function. Lateral meniscus injury and a patellar tendon autograft reduced the odds of achieving an LSI of ≥ 90% in knee extension strength, OR = 0.49 [(95% CI 0.25-0.97), p = 0.039] and OR = 0.30 [(95% CI 0.14-0.67), p = 0.0033] respectively. In addition, reduced odds of recovering knee extension strength were found in older patients, OR = 0.76 [(95% CI 0.60-0.98), p = 0.034]. A higher pre-injury level of physical activity increased the odds of recovering knee flexion strength, OR = 1.14 [(95% CI 1.01-1.29), p = 0.037].Intra-operatively identified concomitant injuries or graft choice did not affect the likelihood of recovering symmetrical performance in five different tests of muscle function one year after ACL reconstruction. However, fewer than one in four patients achieved an LSI of ≥ 90% in all tests.Prospective observational study: Level 2.
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| 9. |
- Krupic, Ferid, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic differences in the perception of pain: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative research.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. - 1840-2445. ; 16:1, s. 108-114
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate existence of scientific support for linking differences in the experience of pain to ethnicity. Methods The study was designed as a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative studies. The inclusion criteria were scientific studies published in scientific journals and written in English. Studies that described children's experiences and animals were excluded. There were 10 studies, one qualitative and nine quantitative. Results The result was divided into two main sections. The first section presents the results of investigated material regarding different ethnic groups, the groups' different experiences with regard to pain and its treatment focusing entirely on the patients' perspective. Several studies have revealed major differences in the way individuals perceive their pain, using various pain evaluation tools. The second section explained different coping strategies depending on ethnicity and showed that different ethnic groups handle their pain in different ways. Conclusion Healthcare professionals have a duty to pay attention to and understand the patients' experience of their disease and suffering and, as far as possible, mitigate this using appropriate measures. For this purpose, ethnic, cultural and religious differences between different patients need to be understood. It is necessary to continue to study ethnic differences in reporting and predicting pain and its consequences, including the assessment of variables associated with pain, as well as examining the use of prayer as a form of dealing with pain, with an evaluation of various effects of such different influences.
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| 10. |
- Bondesson, Johan, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Definition of Tubular Anatomic Structures from Arbitrary Stereo Lithographic Surface
- 2017
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Ingår i: Initiative Seminar Engineering Health, 8-9 November 2017, Chalmers.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An accurate description of anatomies and dynamics of vessels is crucial to understand their characteristics and improve surgical techniques, thus it is the basis, in addition to surgeon experience, on which stent design and operation procedures rely. The process of producing this description is user intensive, and recent improvement in image processing of medical3D imaging allows for a more automated workflow. However, there is a need to bridge the gap from a processed geometry to a robust mathematical computational grid. By sequentially segmenting a tubular anatomic structure, here defined by a stereo lithographic (STL) surface, an initial centerline is formed by connecting centroids of orthogonal cross-sectional contours along the length of the structure. Relying on the initial centerline, a set of non-overlapping 2D cross sectional contours are defined along the centerline, a centerline which is updated after the 2D contours are produced. After a second iteration of producing 2D contours and updating the centerline, a full description of the structure is created. Our method for describing vessel geometry shows good coherence to existing method. The main advantages of our method include the possibility of having arbitrary triangulated STL surface input, automated centerline definition, safety against intersecting cross-sectional contours and automatic clean-up of local kinks and wrinkles.
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