1.
Khoshnood, Ardavan
(author)
Prehospital Diagnosis and Oxygen Treatment in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
2017
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
IntroductionPaper I: An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was constructed to identify ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and predict the need for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Paper II, III and IV: Studies suggest that O2 therapy may be harmful in STEMI patients. We therefore conducted the SOCCER study to evaluate the effects of O2 therapy in STEMI patients.MethodsPaper I: 560 ambulance ECGs sent to the Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), was together with the CCU physicians interpretation and decision of conducting an acute PCI or not collected, and compared with the interpretation and PCI decision of the ANN. Paper II, III, IV: Normoxic (≥94%) STEMI patients accepted for acute PCI were in the ambulance randomized to standard care with 10 L/min O2 or room air. A subset of the patients underwent echocardiography for determination of the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and the Wall Motion Score Index (WMSI). All patients had a Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) to evaluate Myocardial area at Risk (MaR), Infarct Size (IS) and Myocardial Salvage Index (MSI).ResultsPaper I: The area under the ANN’s receiver operating characteristics curve for STEMI detection as well as predicting the need of acute PCI were very good.Paper II, III, IV: No significant differences could be shown in discussing MaR, MSI or IS between the O2 group (n=46) and the air group (n=49). Neither could any differences be shown for LVEF and WMSI at the index visit as well after six months between the O2 group (n=46) and the air group (n=41)ConclusionsPaper I: The results indicate that the number of ECGs sent to the CCU could be reduced with 2/3 as the ANN would safely identify ECGs not being STEMI.Paper II, III, IV: The results suggest that it is safe to withhold O2 therapy in normoxic, stable STEMI patients.
2.
Skånberg Dahlstedt, Ami, 1967
(author)
Älskade Vampyr - om livet med ett barn med diabetes typ 1
2010
Book (other academic/artistic) abstract
Älskade vampyr skildrar hur tillvaron ställs på ända för en svensk småbarnsfamilj när yngste sonen får en allvarlig diagnos: diabetes typ 1. Föräldrar och storebror tvingas anpassa sig till den nya situationen och framförallt vänja sig vid osäkerheten och rädslan för komplikationer som sjukdomen för med sig. Rutiner, kontroller och insulinsprutor blir sakta men säkert en naturlig del av tillvaron och de lyckas hålla ihop och hålla modet uppe. Och mer än så. De ger sig ut på äventyr tillsammans. Till Australien. Läsaren får en god inblick i hur det kan gå till när syskon, släkt, vänner, skol- och vårdpersonal, grannar med flera tvingas förhålla sig till den nya situationen - som väldigt många saknar kunskap om. Röster från läsare "Ami tröstar, förklarar, läker och bekräftar att man får lov att känna precis som man vill. Det är en bok som tar hand om känslorna när någon man älskar får en allvarlig sjukdom. Hennes bok handlar inte bara om diabetes, den handlar om alla som får kämpa för sin rätt att vara sig själva." Mia Skäringer, skådespelare och granne "Boken är skriven ur ett intressant och annorlunda perspektiv där författaren på ett gripande sätt tar med oss djupt in i vardagsdetaljerna hos en familj som lever med diabetes. Det är säkert många föräldrar som har barn med diabetes som kommer att känna igen sig i hur man från början kastas mellan hopp och förtvivlan, för att så småningom få ett nytt fäste i vardagen med diabetes. Diabeteslägret och sedan insulinpumpen blev en vändpunkt för Egil, och jag kan bara hålla med - pump är den bästa typen av behandling för ett barn med diabetes och på diabetesläger träffar man kompisar som förstår hur det är att ha diabetes." Ragnar Hanås, barnläkare och expert på diabetes typ 1
3.
4.
Theurich, Melissa Ann, et al.
(author)
Breastfeeding Rates and Programs in Europe : A Survey of 11 National Breastfeeding Committees and Representatives
2019
In: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 68:3, s. 400-407
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
INTRODUCTION: Among the world's regions, the WHO European Region has the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding at age 6 months with around 25%. Low rates and early cessation of breastfeeding have important adverse health consequences for women, infants and young children. Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding are a public health priority.OBJECTIVES: National breastfeeding data and monitoring systems among selected European countries and the WHO European Region are compared. Mechanisms for the support, protection and promotion of breastfeeding are reviewed and successes and challenges in implementation of national programs are presented.METHODS: National representatives of national breastfeeding committees and initiatives in eleven European countries, including Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, participated in a standardized survey. Results are evaluated and compared in a narrative review.RESULTS: Variation exists in Europe on breastfeeding rates, methodology for data collection and mechanisms for support, protection and promotion of breastfeeding. Directly after birth, between 56 and 98 % of infants in all countries were reported to receive any human milk, and at 6 months 38-71% and 13-39 % of infants to be breastfed or exclusively breastfed, respectively. National plans addressing breastfeeding promotion, protection and support exist in 6 of the 11 countries.CONCLUSIONS: National governments should commit to evidence-based breastfeeding monitoring and promotion activities, including financial and political support, to improve breastfeeding rates in the Europe. Renewed efforts for collaboration between countries in Europe, including a sustainable platform for information exchange, are needed.
5.
Deyou, Tsegaye, et al.
(author)
Isoflavones and Rotenoids from the Leaves of Millettia oblata ssp teitensis
2017
In: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 80:7, s. 2060-2066
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
A new isoflavone, 8-prenylmilldrone (1), and four new rotenoids, oblarotenoids A-D (2-5), along with nine known compounds (6-14), were isolated from the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the leaves of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis by chromatographic separation. The purified compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, whereas the absolute configurations of the rotenoids were established on the basis of chiroptical data and in some cases by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Maximaisoflavone J (11) and oblarotenoid C (4) showed weak activity against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with IC50 values of 33.3 and 93.8 mu M, respectively.
6.
Mabeyo, P. E., et al.
(author)
Selenium Accumulating Leafy Vegetables Are a Potential Source of Functional Foods
2015
In: International Journal of Food Science. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-7015 .- 2314-5765. ; 2015
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Selenium deficiency in humans has been associated with various diseases, the risks of which can be reduced through dietary supplementation. Selenium accumulating plants may provide a beneficial nutrient for avoiding such illnesses. Thus, leafy vegetables such as Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus sp., Cucurbita maxima, Ipomoea batatas, Solanum villosum, Solanum scabrum, and Vigna unguiculata were explored for their capabilities to accumulate selenium when grown on selenium enriched soil and for use as a potential source of selenium enriched functional foods. Their selenium contents were determined by spectrophotometry using the complex of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine hydrochloride (DABH) as a chromogen. The mean concentrations in the leaves were found to range from to μg/g dry weight (DW), with C. maxima accumulating the most selenium. In stems, the accumulated selenium content ranged from μg/g in Amaranthus sp. to μg/g DW in C. maxima and was hence significantly different (). The cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was used in cytotoxicity assays to determine the anticancer potential of these extracts. With exception of S. scabrum and S. villosum, no cytotoxicity was detected for the selenium enriched vegetable extracts up to 100μg/mL concentration. Hence, following careful evaluation the studied vegetables may be considered as selenium enriched functional foods.
7.
Makungu, Marco, et al.
(author)
Pterocarpans and isoflavones from the roots of Millettia micans and of Millettia dura
2016
In: Advances in Drug Discovery and Development. ; 1:1, s. 1-8
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
From the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the root bark of Millettia micans, a new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-7,8,9-trimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan (1), named micanspterocarpan, was isolated. Similarinvestigation of the CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) extract of the root bark of Millettia dura gave a further new pterocarpan,3-O-prenylmaackiain (2) along with six known isoflavones (3-8) and a chalcone (9). All purifiedcompounds were identified by NMR and MS, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by quantumchemical CD calculation. The isolated constituents, calopogonium isoflavone B (3) and isoerythrin A-4'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) ether (4) showed marginal activities against the 3D7 and the Dd2 strains of Plasmodiumfalciparum (70-90% inhibition at 40 M). Maximaisoflavone B (5) and 7,2'-dimethoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyisoflavone (7) were weakly cytotoxic (IC50 153.5 and 174.1 uM, respectively) against theMDB-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. None of the tested compounds showed toxicity against theHEK-293 human embryonic kidney cell line at 40 uM.
8.
Nyandoro, Stephen S., 1975, et al.
(author)
N-Cinnamoyltetraketide Derivatives from the Leaves of Toussaintia orientalis
2015
In: Journal of natural products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 78:8, s. 2045-2050
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Seven N-cinnamoyltetraketides (1–7), including the new Z-toussaintine E (2), toussaintine F (6), and toussaintine G (7), were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Toussaintia orientalis using column chromatography and HPLC. The configurations of E-toussaintine E (1) and toussaintines A (3) and D (5) are revised based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data from racemic crystals. Both the crude methanol extract and the isolated constituents exhibit antimycobacterial activities (MIC 83.3–107.7 μM) against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 are cytotoxic (ED50 15.3–105.7 μM) against the MDA-MB-231 triple negative aggressive breast cancer cell line.
9.
Nyandoro, Stephen S., 1975, et al.
(author)
Polyoxygenated Cyclohexenes and Other Constituents of Cleistochlamys kirkii Leaves
2017
In: Journal of natural products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 80:1, s. 114-125
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Thirteen new metabolites, including the polyoxygenated cyclohexene derivatives cleistodiendiol (1), cleistodienol B (3), cleistenechlorohydrins A (4) and B (5), cleistenediols A–F (6–11), cleistenonal (12), and the butenolide cleistanolate (13), 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl benzoate (cleistophenolide, 14), and eight known compounds (2, 15–21) were isolated from a MeOH extract of the leaves of Cleistochlamys kirkii. The purified metabolites were identified by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, whereas the absolute configurations of compounds 1, 17, and 19 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The configuration of the exocyclic double bond of compound 2 was revised based on comparison of its NMR spectroscopic features and optical rotation to those of 1, for which the configuration was determined by X-ray diffraction. Observation of the co-occurrence of cyclohexenoids and heptenolides in C. kirkii is of biogenetic and chemotaxonomic significance. Some of the isolated compounds showed activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7, Dd2), with IC50 values of 0.2–40 μM, and against HEK293 mammalian cells (IC50 2.7–3.6 μM). While the crude extract was inactive at 100 μg/mL against the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line, some of its isolated constituents demonstrated cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.03–8.2 μM. Compound 1 showed the most potent antiplasmodial (IC50 0.2 μM) and cytotoxic (IC50 0.03 μM, MDA-MB-231 cell line) activities. None of the compounds investigated exhibited translational inhibitory activity in vitro at 20 μM.
10.
Sukhovey, Yurij G., et al.
(author)
Functional Conjugation of the Different Regulatory Responses to the Stress Stimuli in Healthy Human Subjects
2016
In: Open Journal of Applied Sciences. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2165-3917 .- 2165-3925. ; 6, s. 489-500
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Present article discusses the physiological mechanisms of the state employees adaptation duringactive training in temporary groups. It is suggested that adaptive mechanisms to adverse effectsmay be studied basing on the concept of functional isomorphism of the psychic and immune systems.Adaptive mechanisms were studied through the monitoring of the stress factors’ impact upon thelaw enforcement officers when training outside the places of permanent deployment. The specificpurpose of present study was to evaluate the physiological indicators of the psychic, immune andendocrine systems dynamics at different stages of adaptation of the live organism to a stressfulsituation, hoping to get better insight into possible relations between psychic and immune domains.Through monitoring of the dynamics of the endocrine and immune responses to the psychic stimuli,it was possible to correlate the stages of the stress onset to the phases of specific immune reactions.Strong correlations between the parameters characterizing activation of the psychic and immuneresponses support the hypothesis of the presence of “strong cooperation” between psychic andimmune domains. It supports earlier hypothesis that we are monitoring
