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- Chen, Weimin
(författare)
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Optically detected magnetic resonance of defects in semiconductors
- 2013. - 2
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Ingår i: EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400748866 - 9789400748873 ; , s. 345-366
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EPR of Free Radicals in Solids: Trends in Methods and Applications, 2nd ed. presents a critical two volume review of the methods and applications of EPR (ESR) for the study of free radical processes in solids. Emphasis is on the progress made in the developments in EPR technology, in the application of sophisticated matrix isolation techniques and in the advancement in quantitative EPR that have occurred since the 1st edition was published. Improvements have been made also at theoretical level, with the development of methods based on first principles and their application to the calculation of magnetic properties as well as in spectral simulations. EPR of Free Radicals in Solids II focuses on the trends in applications of experimental and theoretical methods to extract structural and dynamical properties of radicals and spin probes in solid matrices by continuous wave (CW) and pulsed techniques in nine chapters written by experts in the field. It examines the studies involving radiation- and photo-induced inorganic and organic radicals in inert matrices, the high-spin molecules and metal-based molecular clusters as well as the radical pro-cesses in photosynthesis. Recent advancements in environmental applications in-cluding measurements by myon resonance of radicals on surfaces and by quantitative EPR in dosimetry are outlined and the applications of optical detection in material research with much increased sensitivity reviewed. The potential use of EPR in quantum computing is considered in a newly written chapter. This new edition is aimed to experimentalists and theoreticians in research involving free radicals, as well as for students of advanced courses in physical chemis-try, chemical physics, materials science, biophysics, biochemistry and related fields.
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- Roos, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Organic micro-pollutant profiles from urban, industrial, and rural soils and sediments from South Africa.
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite having the largest economy in Africa, very little is known about organic pollutants in soils and sediments from urban and industrial areas of South Africa. Here, we present the results of the first studies to investigate levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated paraffins, and dioxin-like chemicals from the highly industrialised regions south of Johannesburg. Industries here include petro-chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metal production, paper and pulp, coking, mining, and coal-fired power plants.The concentration of PAHs ranged between 44-39 000 ng/g dw and the concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged between 19-19 000 ng/g dw. Pyrogenic processes were the most likely sources, with some petrogenic contributions. Carcinogenic PAHs at low-income residential sites were sufficient to potentially cause health effects such as cancer considering direct contact with soil. PCB concentrations ranged between 120‑4 700 ng/kg dw in soils and sediments with highest concentrations from industrial and associated residential areas. Concentrations of dioxin TEQWHO2005 ranged between 0.12 -32 ng/kg TEQ dw in sediments, and between 0.34-20 ng/kg dw in soils. Various combustion and high-temperature processes were likely sources of pollution at the majority of the sites. The polychlorinated paraffins had concentrations between 1.8‑1 200 ng/g dw. Levels of organochlorine pesticides were at or close to limits of detection.The sources, processes and threats that govern and the lesser concentrations in sediment and higher concentrations in soils need further investigation as it may affect human exposure. Bio-accumulation into humans and biota from terrestrial and aquatic food webs under developing-country conditions as examined here needs further investigation before conclusive statements about threats and the need for mitigating interventions can be made. These studies have contributed towards a much better understanding of organic chemical pollutants in sediments and soils from the largest industrial and urban area in South Africa.
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