21.
22.
23.
Grönlund, Åke, 1954-
(författare)
Public computer systems : a new focus for information systems research
1998
Ingår i: Information Polity. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1570-1255 .- 1875-8754. ; 6:1, s. 47-65
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
"Public Computer Systems" (PCSs) are systems used in client-organisation encounters. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for discussing PCSs as tools in client-organisation communication. To that end, a three-level analysis scheme for client-organisation encounters (COEs) and the potential role of PCSs as change agents for those encounters is suggested; the object level, discussing the elements of COEs, the functional level, discussing the role of PCSs as a tool for achieving changes in the functionality of the client-organisation interface, and the strategic level, discussing COE paradigms. It is concluded that PCSs provide an important new focus for IS studies because they may be used to design new social fora and make for changed roles of clients and professionals, thus affecting the terms of the societal dialogue. It is suggested that the public sector has a special responsibility for this dialogue, and that therefore strategic level analysis, largely ignored so far, should be added to the agenda of public sector information system issues.
24.
25.
Ingman, Sissi
(författare)
Förtroende och datorbruk
1997
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This is a study of how use of computer artefacts could be understood from the aspect of trust. Meanings of trust are discussed and rather than to understand trust as a possible solution to problems of uncertainty and control, trust is here seen as a fundamental aspect of life, including experiences of knowledge, certainty and control. Computer artefacts are often talked about as tools. It is argued that the ‘tool metaphor’, by leading to a narrow understanding of social consequences of computer use, conceals questions of power and dissolves questions of trust, and thereby increases possibilities to exercise power. As a contrast to the tool metaphor, a perspective on computer artefacts as externalisations and computerisation as ordering is presented, and it is discussed how computerisation, as well as other kinds of ordering changes needs and conditions for building and grounding trust between people.
26.
Lannér, Olof
(författare)
Datorstöd i skrivandet: En longitudinell studie på grundskolan och gymnasieskolan
1999
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This dissertation studies the effects that the use of a word-processing program can have on pupils' writing. The study was conducted with a consideration of the context in which the writing was done. It examined not just changes in the quality of the pupils' writing but also the attitudes of pupils, teachers, and parents to computer-aided writing. In addition, it studied the functional reliability and ease of handling of the system, as well as computer use in a gender perspective. The study also discusses some theories which can be applied to the use of computers in learning. The study had an experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test in the form of essays. The participants were pupils in comprehensive school (1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th years) and upper secondary school (1st year). The study lasted for a year and half in comprehensive school and a year in upper secondary school. The computer used for the project was a Macintosh. Criteria for assessing the pupils' essays were: number of different words, number of words, and number of words outside the 1,000 most frequent words in Swedish. In addition, the essays were assessed by a teacher. At the junior and intermediate level (excluding beginners) the pupils with computer assistance wrote significantly better essays than pupils using pen and paper (p=0.002). Their essays were also significantly longer and had more unusual words (p=0.000). At upper secondary school there was no significant difference between the groups as regards either the quality or the length of the essays. However, the test group had significantly more unusual words in their essays than the control group. The analysis of the association of computer use with gender shows a significant difference among the beginners: girls were more favoured by computer support. At other stages there was no significant difference. This study shows that pupils with computer support dare to experiment more with their vocabulary. The questionnaire surveys indicate that this is because the pupils feel freer when they write on computer: they have more control over their writing.
27.
Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-
(författare)
Computer Supported Knowledge Management.
1999
Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction INTERACT `99. - : IOS Press. - 1902505190 ; , s. 696-697
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
28.
Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-
(författare)
IT support in a Knowledge Management Process : A Field Study of a Quality Support Group in a Pharmaceutical Company
1998
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandanavia IRIS22.
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
This study addresses the issue of knowledge management. The results are based on field study of a quality support group in a pharmaceutical company. Particularly,the knowledge work activities are analysed in a framework of a knowledge management process and its possibilities for IT-support. From the results I can conclude that mainly explicit knowledge is managed in this process. However, the specific use of two knowledge-mediating systems seems to be extremely important("the very lifeline") throughout this knowledge management process. Knowledge can be transferable and distributed electronically among dispersed co-workers,adaptable and tailor-made to the needs of different users, and applicable directly to practitioners. In a discussion of a more general IT-based knowledge management process I go beyond the specific use of these knowledge-mediating systems and try to identify some further needs and requirements
29.
Mirijamdotter, Anita
(författare)
A multi-modal systems extension to soft systems methodology
1998
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This thesis develops a design method for social systems that do not fit the conventional industrial pattern and that consequently are not apt for regulation through mechanical means. It builds upon Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), one of the most widely used and well regarded of design methodologies. Yet, the systems science literature has identified some weaknesses in this methodology, and these have been confirmed in the critical evaluation and the empirical study of this thesis. It was found that SSM tends to be relativistic in normative issues, that its modelling is at times reductionistic and that there are philosophical inconsistencies between its different phases of design. THe task in this thesis has been to preserve the methodological strengths of SSM while at the same time attempt to correct its weakness by combining it with another systems sience approach: Multi-modal Systems Thinking. This approach incorporates a multi-dimensional framework of life and a management model to attain viability in social systems. The combination of SSM with this new framework results in a Multi-modal Soft Systems Methodology (Arvidsjaur Method for short) that has been tested empirically in a project for unemployed youth in Arvidsjaur, a small municipality in the north of Sweden. The Arvidsjaur Method is an effective tool in four ways. Firstly, it incorporates normative standards that overcome the criticisms regarding SSM's relativistic stance. Secondly, it enhances philosophical consistency in the complete design process. Thirdly, it provides a managerial design structure and fourthly, it offers a potential for designing systems that support a holistic, complete and dignified human life. Such an approach is also likely to assist us in appreciating different perspectives of our post- modern society and in making appropriate choices.
30.
