31.
32.
33.
Zhang, Xiuhua
(författare)
User Participation in Object-Oriented Contexts - From Methodological and Practical Perspectives
1999
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
In this study, user participation is suggested as a means, a process and role-playing between system users and developers in systems development. User participation in object-oriented contexts is observed from methodological and practical perspectives as a combined field of study. From the methodological perspective, three object-oriented methods are assessed according to NIMSAD, a method evaluation framework. The method evaluation indicates that user participation is weak in the three object-oriented methods. From the practical perspective, object-oriented systems practice is investigated in six industrial organizations in Sweden, from which two forms of user participation are found and provided. They reveal that user participation could be explored from the understanding of objects and be studied from the method application. It is argued that system users can play a role as method users in the whole development process. Such an argument is only found from the systems practice far.
34.
35.
Hägerfors, Ann, et al.
(författare)
Improvements at Work. A Multi-Disciplinary Research and Dissemination Programme
1997
Ingår i: Logistik und Arbeit. ; :9/10.97 März, s. 39-41
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Contemporary organizations have begun to realize that competitive power and sustainability emanates to a large extent from their flexibility and ability to adapt to increasingly more rapid changes in the environment. Therefore, change and development processes are ever more tending to become oriented towards both making critical processes visible and flexible and organizing for continuous learning from experiences in day-to-day work. These experiences form the basis of both continuous improvement activities and innovations. Working life research has an important role to play in the renewal of change and development processes. Multidisciplinary research programmes contribute to quality, knowledge enhancement and the ongoing exchange of experiences in this process.. In this paper, such a programme, Improvements at Work, along with its theoretical foundations, research methods and dissimination activities, is described. Furthermore, examples of ongoing studies are presented. The two accompanying articles, present some of the individual research topics within the programme.
36.
Odenrick, Per, et al.
(författare)
Continuous Improvements at Work - a Programme in an Inter-Disciplinary Research Centre on Humans, Technology and Change at Work
1996
Ingår i: Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management - V. ; , s. 489-492
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
The aim of this programme is to contribute to the scientific and practical knowledge about continuous improvements (CI) at work. Some of the principles of CI like: the emphasis on small and incremental changes, the use of structured tools for problem-solving and the monitoring of improvements, and the responsibility of operative personnel for the CI activity rather than experts and task-forces, are combined with methods and principles from Scandinavian research about work environments, participation and workteams.
37.
Deutgen, Petra, et al.
(författare)
Forward-Error-Control-Assisted Detection of Uncoded Bits in D-AMPS
1996
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1996 SNRV and NUTEK Conference on Radio Sciences and Telecommunications. - Luleå : Högskolan i Luleå. - 9163044552 ; , s. 673-677
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
We present a re-detection scheme for the purpose to decrease the bit-error rate. The method is based on unequal Forward Error control Coding, FEC, where some data bits are protected by FEC and some are not. With this method, information about the error corrected data bits is fed back to aid a re-detection of the uncoded data bits.The method is evaluated for the North American Digital Cellular Mobile Telephone System, D-AMPS. Simulations indicate that a performance gain of up to 3 dB of carrier to interference ratio is achievable on a frequency selective fading channel for a residual bit-error rate of 1%.
38.
Eriksson, Darek M.
(författare)
An application of the decision-information-operation system model
1999
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The media provides frequent reports about organisations - both public and business - in crisis. These must re-organise themselves, often requiring the dismissal of employees in order to adapt to the emerging internal or external conditions. If they do not adapt, they do not survive. In order to help the adaptation process, science has developed several theories such as Contingency Theory and the Viable System Model. These are well established. On the other hand, the Decision-Information-Operation System model (DIOS- model) developed by Professor J.L. Le Moigne, is an alternative approach for a system's adaptation that is not as widely known. The present study aims to contribute with an application and evaluation. DIOS-model was applied to a medium-size business organisation experiencing a crisis and needing to adapt. The application has allowed us to evaluate - empirically and theoretically - Le Moigne's model and its foundations. The models that were developed based on the theory increased our understanding of the organisation under study. The conclusion is that the various components of DIOS-model should find their counterparts in social organisations and that their absence or inadequacy may lead to a poor organisational performance. Therefore, the model is a tool for helping organisations adapt to changing conditions. However, the study shows some important limitations of the theory. It requires further development and should not be used uncritically.
39.
40.
Avdic, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
Användare och utvecklare : om anveckling med kalkylprogram
1999
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
I avhandlingen behandlas förutsättningar och effekter av kalkylprogramanveckling (KPA). KPA utförs av anvecklare, som fungerar både som användare och utvecklare. Anvecklare har djup verksamhetskunskap och viss verktygskunskap. Systemet, som anvecklaren utvecklar med kalkylprogram, kallas kalkylsystem. Den grundläggande forskningsfrågan i avhandlingen är: "Vilka nya möjligheter får användare att utföra arbetsuppgifter då de själva kan bygga informationssystem?" Avhandlingens syfte är att formulera en begreppsmodell över vilka förutsättningar och effekter, som gäller för kalkylprogramanveckling.Avhandlingens strategi kan sägas vara kvalitativ, hermeneutisk, abduktiv och empirinära. Fyra empiriska studier har genomförts. Empiri har i stor utsträckning styrt studier av relaterad teori. Den praktikgeneriska modellen har använts som referensmodell i avhandlingen, vilket har lett till ett synsätt, som innebär att när anvecklaren anvecklar, agerar han i minst två praktiker, utvecklarpraktiken och huvudpraktiken. Varje praktik har sin uppsättning av förutsättningar, t ex kunskap, normer och verktyg.Den integrerade karaktären på anveckling, gör interaktivitet i utvecklingsarbetet möjlig, vilket i sin tur innebär att anvecklaren snabbt kan växla mellan utveckling och användning. Ökad verktygskunskap kan innebära att anvecklaren ökar sin verksamhetskunskap. Då anvecklarens verksamhetskunskap ökar, ökar möjligheterna att analysera och ifrågasätta verksamheten. Anveckling innebär också att hänsyn kan tas till svårformaliserbara mål och normer, samt att formalisering av tyst kunskap möjliggörs. Anveckling i en miljö med lokala nätverk förenklar möjligheterna att distribuera kalkylsystem för granskning och verifiering. Kalkylsystemets transparens underlättar analys och diskussion. I avhandlingen diskuteras anveckling som ett sätt att hantera kontinuerlig omvärldsförändring på ett sätt som kan innebära omprövning av normer i verksamheten. Då anveckling betraktas som en form av systemutveckling, skiljer sig anveckling starkt från traditionell systemutveckling i och med att anveckling kännetecknas av integration, medan traditionell systemutveckling kännetecknas av specialisering.
