| 1. |
- Sandén, Annika, 1969-
(author)
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Stadsgemenskapens resurser och villkor : Samhällssyn och välfärdsstrategier i Linköping 1600-1620
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation studies early seventeenth century local government, both the secular and religious, in order to investigate that period’s concepts of ”the good society”, and the strategies that were used to achieve and retain this ideal. The goal of the investigation is to give a broader understanding of early modern society at the local level. Order and balance appear to have been the overriding goal for the local institutions in Linköping. Justice and well-being were not a question of individual rights, but rather were found in corporative associations in which differences together created a hierarchical harmony and order. People who stood outside these were threatened by marginalization. For those who were “on the inside” resources were available. In the town were found material resources such as wells and gristmills, the community of the parish and the rådsturätt. Local authorities do not express any concept of development or a utopia of change. It did not seek to redistribute material resources or systematize support for specific vulnerable groups. A fundamental welfare strategy was to fit people into households within which they could support themselves. In the same way the religious punishments, can be seen as an important welfare strategy. To recreate order was also a way of appeasing God. If God liked what he saw, then perhaps he would rest his hand over the congregation. In summary it can thus be said that the local government tried to formulate the conditions for welfare by creating the premises for two important spheres—the home and the parish.
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| 2. |
- Blomqvist, Olof, 1990-
(author)
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I want to stay : Local community and prisoners of war at the dawn of the eighteenth century
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation is about war captivity in the early eighteenth century. It is also about the ways in which early modern local communities negotiated their boundaries towards the outside world. The resident populations’ interaction with prisoners of war (POWs) offers unique perspectives on how local communities handled wartime migrants. The dissertation studies three towns forced to receive POWs during the Great Northern War: Aarhus, in the kingdom of Denmark, Torgau in the electorate of Saxony and Uppsala in the kingdom of Sweden. It represents the first attempt to situate this conflict within the larger field of research on early modern war captivity. The dissertation uses a broad range of sources—including official correspondence, POW muster rolls, town council minutes and parish records—to reconstruct the movements and actions of individual POWs. These reconstructions show how their position in the community changed over time, a perspective that represents a distinctly new approach for studying early modern war captivity. The results underline that the local community played a crucial role in organising war captivity and, consequently, how the situation of the POWs became closely intertwined with other challenges facing the community at the time. The state strove to delegate costs and administrative responsibilities associated with housing, supporting and guarding POWs. These attempts were a forceful claim on local resources. Thus, the administration of war captivity was part of an ongoing negotiation regarding the relationship between the local community and the state. At the same time, the everyday interactions of war captivity were shaped by the fact that the status of POW lacked distinct social and legal meaning in the local context. The state showed little interest in regulating the POWs’ relationship to local institutions, such as the congregation and the legal system, leaving such questions to be negotiated on the local level. With little or no previous experience of interacting with POWs, the local community treated these people much the same as well-known and already established social groups, such as billeted soldiers and servants. The POWs’ position in the community was therefore not a great deal different from that of other groups of migrants, and the level of local belonging which POWs were able to achieve depended fundamentally on their individual ability to live up to local social norms. Of particular importance was the fact that POWs were employed in local households as servants, which provided them with a widely accepted social position in the community. However, building up a local social network, cultivating relationships with influential local patrons and marrying a local woman were processes that took time, generally requiring that the POW was able to remain in the community for several years.The experience of war captivity in Aarhus, Torgau and Uppsala demonstrates how a stranger could relatively easily achieve a basic degree of belonging in early modern towns. The threshold to full belonging, however, was steep. The dissertation argues that, particularly in Aarhus and Uppsala, the war served as an engine of social integration. Wartime mobilisation of economic and human resources destabilised these communities, creating vacant social and economic niches which some POWs were able to fill.
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| 3. |
- Folkesson, Pontus, 1990-
(author)
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Att skola en stormakt : Framväxten av 1600-talets skolsystem genom lokalsamhällets aktörer
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis shows how Swedish urban schools were reformed, expanded and developed into a school system following the 1649 school curriculum. While previous research has emphasized different educational needs within the context of normative school curriculum or in relation to the emerging power of the state, this study argues that the expansion of urban schools must be understood as a response to local community actors and their interests. Gustav II Adolf's school reform comprised a resource-saving reorganisation. In spite of this reform, urban schools expanded, with the crown finally assuming the financial responsibility for the kingdom's schools in 1649. This study examines the reasons for this using the diocesan towns of Västerås and Strängnäs and the market towns of Arboga, Nyköping, Södertälje and Örebro.By using a wide range of source material, including school regulations, royal correspondence, cathedral copy books, matriculation registers and especially accounts, this book analyses the development of urban schools. Starting from the schools' funding and how that funding was used, the study identifies different actors and their interests. The involvement of the local community, which responded to the school reforms and their educational interests, explains the expansion of urban schools between 1620 to 1649.The results show that local community actors, such as bishops, the bourgeoisie, urban vicars and schoolmasters, played a crucial role in establishing and maintaining urban schools. In contrast to previous research, which has considered the growth of the state to be the result of negotiations between local actors and a central elite, the expansion of the urban schools up to 1649 should be seen as a reaction of local community actors to the state's reduction of resources. The bourgeoisie and bishops then acted to reshape the original school reform that Gustav II Adolf had presented in 1620.Rather than an unambiguous top-down or bottom-up process, the expansion of schools up to 1649 can be explained as the result of an interweaving of negotiations, conflicts and restructuring at different levels of society. These interactions led to a gradual hierarchization of existing schools in the kingdom's towns, which were then incorporated into a new school system.The political influence of the bourgeoisie was manifested by the preservation of the schools in the market towns; at the same time, their educational goals were incorporated into a common curriculum and school type for the entire kingdom, trivialskolan. The bishops successfully ran their prestige projects, gymnasieskolorna, which significantly strengthened the finances of the dioceses and made the diocesan towns prominent centers of education. At the same time, the crown's influence over urban schools increased. Thus, the expansion of the kingdom's schools up to 1649 can be regarded as a compromise of several actors’ interests.The results of this thesis show how the bourgeoisie and the clergy succeeded in manifesting their political influence, which was usually formulated outside the more institutional contexts of the Riksdag. The schools functioned as arenas where local interests and resources were aggregated. The study provides new insights into how the schools' actors influenced and shaped political decisions and processes, which were in turn significant for the overall social development of the early modern towns and the formation of the state in 17th-century Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Petersson, Erik, 1985-
(author)
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Vadstena krigsmanshus : En studie av den svenska kronans inrättning för sårade och gamla soldater cirka 1640–1780
- 2017
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den här avhandlingen handlar det underhåll till sårade och gamla soldater som den svenskastatsmakten organiserade under tidigmodern tid. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i den tid närstatsmakten började organisera mer omfattande hjälp för soldater, vilket var slutet på Gustav Vasasoch under Erik XIV:s regeringstid i mitten av 1500-talet. Motiven till att statsmakten organiseradehjälp för en del soldater var att dessa skulle ha offrat sin hälsa och arbetsförmåga i kronans tjänst, menså länge statsmakten fortsatte att vara relativt löst organiserad var även hjälpen till soldaterna avganska liten omfattning. Det ändrades under Gustav II Adolfs regering då planerna på att skapa ettkrigsmanshus i Vadstena etablerades, vilka senare genomfördes efter hans död och institutionen kundeta emot de första soldaterna senast 1640. I krigsmanshuset fick ett trettiotal soldater med familjeruppehälle, samtidigt som soldater boende i andra delar av landet fick stöd från krigsmanshuskassansom också administrerades från Vadstena. Mot slutet av 1600-talet blev kassan proportionellt merbetydelsefull än krigsmanshuset och runt år 1700 försörjde kassan flera tusen soldater runtom i riket.1700-talet innebar stora förändringar, bland annat genom att krigen blev färre, att krigaryrket intelängre var lika attraktivt som karriärväg för adelsmän och att statsmakten utvecklade andra mer civiladelar. Behovet av ett krigsmanshus fanns till sist inte längre och institutionen i Vadstena stängde förboende våren 1784, men kassan fanns kvar in på 1970-talet.
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