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- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Advocates of Realpolitik : Sweden, Europe and the Helsinki Final Act
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden is traditionally portrayed as an active critic and mediator or bridge builder in international politics during the 1960s and 1970s. The activation of Swedish foreign policy, often ascribed to Prime Minister Olof Palme, has been lauded as a transformation from armed isolationism to internationalist solidarity. In this regard, the traditional literature has focused almost exclusively on global affairs whereas the role of European security has been widely ignored. This thesis analyzes Sweden’s role in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) and the country’s contribution to the political and diplomatic process leading to the Helsinki Final Act of 1975. It argues that Sweden’s foreign policy in the European realm must be integrated in the narrative about Cold War Sweden and its role in international politics during the era of détente. It demonstrates that in the European realm, at the heart of the Cold War division, realpolitik thinking prevented Sweden from solidarity with the citizens of Eastern Europe. Sweden reacted reluctantly on the idea of a conference, remained passive during the preparatory phase and never prioritized human rights in Eastern Europe at the conference proper. The reason for this attitude was a general Berührungsangst (fear of contact) towards Europe among Swedish decision-makers. In the thesis, the paradox between Sweden’s approach to European and global affairs is linked to a specific foreign policy identity and explained within an analytical framework based on role theory. With this, the thesis adds important nuances to the existing account of Sweden and Swedish neutrality policy during the Cold War.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Discourse, Identity and Politics : A Transnational Approach to Assyrian Identity in the Twentieth Century
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Assyrian Heritage. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 9789155483036 ; , s. 297-317
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the late nineteenth century, secular thoughts have repeatedly resulted in the formation of an Assyrian national identity among oriental Christian groups referred to as "Chaldeans", "Jacobites" and "Nestorians" in the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Despite the fact that some groups or individuals referred to themselves as descendants of the ancient Assyrians prior to the aforementioned arrival of European-styled Nationalist thinking, the majority identified themselves with the emic term suryoye/suryaye (generally translated as "Syrians") only and held no memory of ancient descent.This article seeks to explore how Assyrian identity construction with its central discourse on ethnic continuity has interplayed with socio-cultural processes and political events and changed over time. It address key factors such as World War I and the Assyrian Genocide, the restructuring of the Middle East during the interwar period, migration and life in Diaspora, secularization and state-supported policies of majority identities. The early period (1895-1960) and first Diaspora in the United States is contrasted with latter developments and the second Diaspora including Sweden and the German-speaking countries in addition to the United States from the 1960s until the present day. Focus is laid on the formation and spread of alternative "national" identities under different historical labels. Ideas of ancient heritage and particularly the belief in ethnic continuity were imitated by internal and external agents of new identities which shared one common feature: denying Assyrian heritage of any kind.The study argues that agents of Assyrian identity have been force to uphold the discourse on cultural, lingual and ethnic continuity as a central feature of their identity doctrine until the present day mainly due to being contested by rivalling concepts and their use of the well-established myth about the complete destruction of the Assyrians in 612 BC.
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| 4. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Assyrian heritage. - Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. - 9789155483036 ; , s. ix-x
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Assyrian Heritage: Threads of Continuity and Influence is a collection of essays discussing Assyrian culture and identity from language, ritual, symbol, and identity perspectives from the ancient world to the modern day. The theoretical interpretations and methodological approaches covered in the book aim to narrate the past, presence and future of the cultural and linguistic heritage of the Assyrian people.
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| 6. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Realistisk idealism : ESK-processen, Olof Palme och kalla kriget
- 2012
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Ingår i: Kalla kriget. - Stockholm : Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse för allmännyttiga ändamål. - 9789189672451 ; , s. 227-235
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den etablerade forskningen kring svensk utrikespolitik använder sig av beteckningen ”Palmes världssamvete” för att kontrastera övergången från Östen Undéns passiva linje till 1960 och 1970-talens aktiva utrikespolitik. Under ESK-processen agerade Sverige varken aktivt eller solidariskt utan bedrev klassisk realpolitik med stark fokus på nedrustning. De östeuropeiska folkens rättigheter och öde spelade en underordnad roll vilket väcker nya frågor kring den aktiva utrikespolitikens natur och motivering.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Security First : The Swedish Interest in Confidence and Security Building Measures and Questions of Disarmament
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Disarmament Policy during the Cold War. - Stockholm : Stockholm University. ; , s. 13-22
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has a long-standing record of active involvement in international efforts towards disarmament. In 1932, the Nordic country participated in the World Disarmament Conference. During the Cold War, the Swedish government continued to be keen to contribute to related UN efforts. This article explores Sweden's interest in Confidence (and Security) Building Measures in the context of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and its follow-up process between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s. It argues that Sweden prioritized disarmament, stability, and peace over human rights, change, and individual freedom despite the rise and dominance of a rhetoric of morality in Swedish politics in the 1970s.
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| 10. |
- Makko, Aryo, 1979-
(författare)
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Sweden, Europe, and the Cold War : A Reappraisal
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cold War Studies. - 1520-3972 .- 1531-3298. ; 14:2, s. 68-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, Sweden has been portrayed as an active bridge-builder in international politics in the 1960s and 1970s. The country advocated a “third way” toward democratic socialism and greater “justice” in international affairs, but these foreign policy prescriptions were never applied to European affairs. This article examines Sweden's relations with Europe by contrasting European integration with the Cold War. Negotiations on Swedish membership in the European Communities and Swedish policy at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe were influenced by a general Berührungsangst toward Europe, which persisted during the years of détente. Because Swedish decision-makers believed that heavy involvement in European affairs would constrict Sweden's freedom of action, Swedish leaders' moral proclamations were applied exclusively to distant Third World countries rather than the egregious abuses of human rights in the Soviet bloc.
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