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- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The ESSENCE-Questionnaire for Neurodevelopmental Problems – A Swedish School-Based Validation Study in 11-Year-Old Children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1178-2021. ; 18, s. 2055-2067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To determine the prevalence of parent-rated developmental concern using the ESSENCE-Q (Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations-Questionnaire, 12-items, score range 0–24) and to ascertain the predictive validity and optimal cutoff level of the instrument in a school-based sample of 11-year-old children. Methods: In a cross-sectional, school-based study, participants underwent a clinical assessment by a physician and a psychologist, teachers and parents completed the SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire), medical health records and national tests were reviewed, and parents independently completed the ESSENCE-Q. In a case-conference outcomes were defined as a) the need for further clinical work-up due to suspected neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) and b) degree of investigator-rated symptoms/ impairment from NDPs on the CGI-S (Clinical Global Impression-Severity instrument, range 1–7, 4–7 defined as clinically sympto-matic). Classification and optimal cutoffs of the ESSENCE-Q were determined using ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. Results: Out of 343 eligible children, 223 enrolled, of whom 173 (50% of all eligible) had a parent-rated ESSENCE-Q. At least one of the 12 possible concerns was reported by parents of 36% of participants. Overall, in 101 (57%) participants a work-up was warranted, and 64 (37%) were clinically symptomatic from NDPs. The AUC of the ESSENCE-Q in detecting need for work-up was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.77), and the AUC in detecting clinically symptomatic participants was 0.82 (95% CI 0.76–0.88). ESSENCE-Q ratings correlated positively with CGI-S scores (r=0.48, p<0.05). A cutoff of ≥3 had the highest accuracy (78%) with a negative predictive value of 82%. Ratings >6 conferred few false positives cases with positive likelihood ratios >10 and positive predictive values of 86% or more. Significance: This study of the ESSENCE-Q in 11-year-old children suggests it might be an acceptable instrument for screening of NDPs in children in middle school, optimally in conjunction with other methods.
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- Gyllencreutz, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Ophthalmologic Findings in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders : A Cohort Study From Childhood to Adulthood
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9394 .- 1879-1891. ; 214, s. 14-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate whether ophthalmologic findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) persist into young adulthood.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.METHODS: Thirty children (13 female) adopted from eastern Europe to Sweden in the 1990s and diagnosed with FASD by a multidisciplinary team at the median age of 7.9 years were followed up by the same team 13-18 years later. Visual acuity (VA), refraction, stereoacuity, strabismus, ocular media, and fundus were investigated.RESULTS: Median VA in right/left eye (OD/OS) was 20/32/20/32 (0.2/0.2 logMAR) in childhood and 20/22/20/20 (0.05/0.0 logMAR) in adulthood. Median (range) refraction OD/OS was +0.88/+1.25 (-8.75 to +4.75/-9.38 to +5.25) spherical equivalent diopter (D) in childhood and -0.25/-0.25 (-12 to +2.75/-13.25 to +2.63) in adulthood. Astigmatism (≥1 D) was the most common refractive error, in 13 (40%) and 14 (47%) subjects, respectively. Defective stereoacuity (>60 arc second) was noted in 20 subjects (67%) in childhood and 22 (73%) in adulthood. Heterotropia occurred in 12 subjects (40%) in childhood and 13 (43%) in adulthood. Increased tortuosity of the retinal vessels was found in 8 (27%) subjects in childhood vs 11 (37%) in adulthood. Optic nerve hypoplasia was recorded in 3 children and in 4 young adults.CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologic findings such as refractive errors, strabismus, and fundus abnormalities are frequent in children with FASD and persist into early adulthood. The facial features characteristic of FAS diminish with age, making a dysmorphology evaluation in adulthood less reliable. An ophthalmologic examination is an important part of the evaluation of FASD in childhood as well as in young adulthood.
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- Lindblad, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive skills are useful for evaluating the effect of pharmacological treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 106:1, s. 96-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: There are few long-term studies of adaptive functions as an outcome measure of pharmacological treatment in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).This study assessed the adaptive abilities of children with ADHD before and after several years of pharmacological treatment. METHOD: We studied 12 children with a mean age of 15 years - seven boys and five girls - who had continued pharmacological treatment for ADHD for more than four years. The Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scales - Second Edition ratings by their teachers were compared before and after they had received treatment for ADHD. RESULTS: On a group level, the conceptual, practical and general adaptive composite domains improved significantly between the baseline and follow-up study. There were clear individual variations: more than half of the group increased from an adaptive level far below average to average, a minority displayed no major changes and one individual deteriorated. The girls tended to have better outcomes than the boys. CONCLUSION: This study was non-randomised and only analysed within group changes in a small number of participants. However, the findings suggest that four to five years of stimulant treatment had markedly positive effects on adaptive functioning in more than half of the school-age children with ADHD.
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- Lindblad, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Mild intellectual disability and ADHD; a comparative study of school age children's adaptive abilities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 102:10, s. 1027-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare adaptive functioning in children with mild intellectual disability (MID) with that of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Thirty-three children with MID were contrasted with 27 children with ADHD with regard to adaptive functioning as measured by the Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (ABAS-II). The group with MID was population-based, and the group with ADHD was considered representative of a clinically referred group with that diagnosis. The two groups were subdivided into those <= 11 years and those >= 12 years. Results: The group with ADHD had lower adaptive functioning, but differences were not significant at total group levels. In children 12 years or older, the group with ADHD had significantly lower adaptive functioning. Conclusion: Older children with ADHD had poorer adaptive functioning than those with MID, a finding which should be of interest to school and other authorities mapping out education and intervention plans for children with special needs.
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