| 1. |
- Svensson, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Practice : Divergent Policy Practices in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Health Economics. - : University of Oslo. - 1892-9729 .- 1892-9710. ; 5:2, s. 41-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares the implementation of the two economic evaluation methods Cost-Effectiveness/Utility (CEA/CUA) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) as tools for allocation of national public funds in the health and transport sector in Sweden, respectively. We compare the recommended values for important economic parameters such as the social discount rate, the marginal cost of public funds, and the explicit and implicit valuation of health, and document a number of substantial and unexplained differences in implementation. Such differences are problematic considering that the increasing use of economic evaluations to guide policy decisions also has implied an overlap of application areas. We conclude with a discussion on the need of a harmonized procedure for economic evaluations in the public sector in order to reduce the risk of inefficient allocations purely due to different applications of the methods.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Mattias, 1983-
(författare)
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Economic Evaluation of Mental Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents : the Case of Sweden
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is economic evaluations of programs and interventions regarding children and adolescents with mental health issues, victimization, and intellectual disabilities (ID). The first paper examines a potential link between mental health issues among adolescent and the class-size of the school class they are enrolled in. The class-size and schools’ financial resources is often at the center of policy debates. Our results suggest that there is no evidence that larger classes have negative impact on the mental health for adolescents in a Swedish context. The second paper investigate the societal willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce bullying in Swedish schools. The results suggest that the tax payers WTP is about 5 SEK and the societal is about 600 000 SEK per reduced bullying victim. This value of WTP could be used as a measure to evaluate different investments in anti-bullying programs and efforts to reduce the bullying in schools. The third paper estimates the cost-effectiveness of one recently introduced antibullying program, the Finnish KiVa program, one of the few evidence based programs in the world. Based on a decision-analytic model, the results indicate that the KiVa program is a cost-effective program that has a cost per reduced victim well below the WTP as estimated in the second paper as documented above. The fourth paper evaluates, from the municipality perspective, the effects of investing in a SE program compared to “business as usual” in order to increase the likelihood for gaining regular employment for the pupils with ID. The results indicate that it takes 9 years before breakeven is reached if investing in the SE program. The fifth paper conducts a decision-analytic economic evaluation of the SE program using simulations to assess the effects over the full life-course. The results suggest that from a societal perspective the program is cost-effective ten years after the investment and by then has generated a benefit of 17 000 SEK per individual.
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| 4. |
- Ekblad, Kristin, 1975-
(författare)
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The economics of sickness absence : social interactions, local cultures and working conditions
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is the study of social and psychosocial aspects of sickness absence. In Essay 1, Sickness Absence and Peer Effects – Evidence from a Swedish Municipality, detailed employment records from a Swedish public employer are used to investigate whether sick leave among work group colleagues influences individual sick leave. Our results indicate that a worker’s level of sick leave is positively correlated with sick leave among peers. When length of employment is taken into account, however, we find that this positive peer effect emerges initially after the first few years of employment. In Essay 2, Who Cares about the Colleagues? – Insights into Peer Effect Heterogeneities in Sickness Absence across Gender and Age, I scrutinize the data used in Essay 1 to further investigate the nature of peer effects in sickness absence in relation to gender and age. The results indicate that men, as well as women, are sensitive to their female colleagues but not to their male peers. Moreover, somewhat surprisingly, I find that young and middle-aged workers are sensitive to younger peers, whereas the oldest workers are not sensitive to any of their peers. Essay 3, Sickness Absence and Local Culture, investigates the effect of geographical and presumed cultural context on sickness absence. Our results indicate that the region of residence is important to individual ‘illness-related absence’. In Essay 4, Sickness Absence, Working Conditions and Gender – An Empirical Analysis using Multiltvel Models, I analyse how psychosocial working conditions are related to short- and longterm sick leave and if, and how, these relation-ships vary with gender. The results show that employees who enjoy higher levels of autonomy in their post take fewer periods of short-term sick leave, and that this effect is significantly greater for male workers. The results also show that for female workers, stronger work-group cohesion is related to a lower likelihood of long-term sick leave.
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| 7. |
- Hultkrantz, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The value of a statistical life in Sweden : a review of the empirical literature
- 2012
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Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8510 .- 1872-6054. ; 108:2-3, s. 302-310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent focus on cost-benefit/socio-economic assessment of government "life-saving" programmes within public health, pharmaceutics, transport, and civil contingencies has spurred a wave of empirical research on the value of a statistical life (VSL) in Sweden. This paper provides an overview of the received evidence from a range of studies in one country and over a relatively short time period. A literature search was conducted in Econlit, Pubmed, Google Scholar and in bibliographies of published papers. Twelve studies on VSL with a total of 48 VSL estimates, published with data from Sweden from 1996 onwards, were identified. Among all estimates VSL varies from 9 to 1121 million SEK (€0.9-121 million). Based on a set of additional quality inclusion criteria, as used also in a recent global review of VSL studies, the sample is restricted to 9 studies with a total of 29 VSL estimates with VSL varying from 9 to 98 million SEK (€0.9-10.6 million). The raw mean among these estimates is 34.6 million SEK (€3.7 million) and the median is 23 million SEK (€2.5 million). Currently, official authorities in Sweden recommend a VSL of 22 million Swedish kronor (€2.4 million). We also point out important concerns regarding validity of these estimates: primarily the problem that VSL is significantly related to the size of the mortality risk reduction showing significant scale insensitivity, in contrast to theoretical assumptions but in line with previous empirical findings.
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| 8. |
- Hultkrantz, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of cost benefit and cost utility analysis in practice : divergent policies by government agencies in Sweden
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper compares state-of-the-art implementation of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cost Utility Analysis (CUA) as tools for making priorities in allocation of national public funds in the transport sector and health sector, respectively, in Sweden. These methods have several similarities although they diverge on how to treat effects on health and life length. However, it is shown here that there are considerable differences in how the methods are implemented in the decision process. The paper discusses differences in which cost and benefit components that are included, economic parameters, and the role of economic evaluation in the decision making. We believe that both transport and health sector planners have a lot to learn from each other.
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| 9. |
- Hultkrantz, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Värdet av liv
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 36:2, s. 5-16
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi ställs varje dag inför avvägningar som innebär att små risker för att råka illa ut till liv och hälsa ställs mot annan konsumtion, t ex när vi trycker olika hårt på gaspedalen eller avstår från att platta till frisyren med en cykelhjälm. Även många prioriteringsbeslut i den offentliga sektorn har en sådan karaktär. För att kunna genomföra samhällsekonomiska analyser av säkerhetshöjande åtgärder krävs att räddade liv förses med en prislapp. I den här artikeln presenterar vi en översikt av forskningen kring värdering av liv med speciellt svenskt fokus, och föreslår att liv bör räddas upp till en kostnad av 21 miljoner kr.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Värdet av liv
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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