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| 2. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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Has the tectonic regime of the Baltic Shield always remained the same?
- 2022
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 144:1, s. 59-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent theories on the growth of continental crust stress its formation in pre-Archean and Archean times with minor additions at later times. The Earth has gone through a unidirectional evolution including surface changes, the genesis of life and an important loss of energy. The energy loss drives tectonic processes, but at a rate declining with available energy and thus with time. Semiquantitative modelling of energy-changes and transport indicates important differences between today’s Earth and the Paleoproterozoic Earth. Actualistic but non-uniformitarian arguments suggest that principal tectonic processes have changed over time. The Baltic Shield displays a fundamental difference in conditions between the c. 0.9 Ga high-pressure metamorphism including the occurrence of eclogite in the western Sveconorwegian Orogen and c. 2 Ga low-pressure metamorphism in the eastern Svecokarelian Orogen. This suggests that modern platetectonic processes were operative at c. 0.9 Ga but leaves the question whether it was active during the Svecokarelian orogeny open. The lack of eclogite in the Svecokarelian Orogen is explained with a change with time of the geotherm slope. The occurrence of two generations of granitic rocks of different compositions in the Svecokarelian is easily explained by an increased mantle heat flow in a stratified continental crust. In contrast to calc-alkaline platetectonic compositions, alkali-calcic rocks occur in a quarter-circle around the Svecokarelian core. The question arises whether modern plate-processes successively replaced proto-plate processes during Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic times.
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| 3. |
- Knudsen, Søren Tang, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factor management of type 2 diabetic patients in primary care in the Scandinavian countries between 2003 and 2015
- 2021
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Ingår i: Primary Care Diabetes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-9918 .- 1878-0210. ; 15:2, s. 262-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To observe and report population demography, comorbidities, risk factor levels and risk factor treatment in a sample of individuals treated for type 2 diabetes in primary care in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort using extraction of data from electronic medical records linked with national health care registries. Results: Sixty primary care clinics participated with annual cross-sectional data (2003 to 2015). In 2015 the sample consisted of 31,632 individuals. Mean age (64.5–66.8 years) and proportion of women (43–45%) were similar. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in 2015 was 40.7%, 41.6% and 38.0% for Norway, Sweden and Denmark, respectively and 84% to 89% of patients were receiving a pharmacological anti-diabetic treatment. More Danish patients reached targets for HbA1c and LDL cholesterol, while more patients in Sweden and Denmark met the blood pressure target of <130/80 mmHg as compared to Norway. Conclusions: In three comparable public primary health care systems we found a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and differences in risk factor treatment and attainment of risk factor goals. With recent guideline changes there is potential for further prevention of diabetes complications in primary care in the future.
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| 4. |
- Lindh, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A model for granite evolution based on non-equilibrium magma separation : evidence from the Gharib and Qattar fluorite-bearing granites, Eastern Desert, Egypt
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Earth Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1437-3254 .- 1437-3262. ; 108:4, s. 1201-1232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present 77 new granite whole-rock analyses from the Qattar and Gharib areas, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Both areas include a “normal” granite and either a hypersolvus (Gharib) or an almost plagioclase-free granite (Qattar) enriched in fluorite. According to earlier results, F influences element distribution in granitic melts forming complexes with specific elements as Nb, Ta, Ga, Hf, Th, Zn, Sn, whereas F excludes Ba and Sr. We use principal component analyses to split the granite into chemical groups allowing an unbiased study of the inter-group element distribution. This adds the heavy REEs and Y to the earlier lists of elements with an affinity for F. The light REEs show a decreasing affinity with decreasing atomic mass; fluorine separates Sm from Nd, whereas Zr follows La. Opposite to some, but in accordance with other earlier results, the ratio Nb/Ta is higher in the fluorite-enriched than in the other granite. Weak tetrad effects are present. Zircon in the hypersolvus granite is high in common lead. We suggest F to be instrumental for separating Pb 2+ from Pb 4+ . Two hypotheses may explain the occurrence of the two contrasting granites: they have either different sources, or they are co-magmatic, but the magma was split into two discrete types. We apply the second hypothesis as our working hypothesis. The liquidus has a gentler slope with pressure than the diapir requiring crystallisation to be most important in the lower part of the magma chamber. Our hypothesis suggests that globules of magma, enriched in volatile components, form during crystallisation due to slow diffusion rates in the crystallizing magma. Elements accompanying F are distributed into this magma batch, which has a lowered density and viscosity than the rest of the magma due to its increased contents of volatile components. A mushroom-formed diapir rises, forming the hypersolvus (or almost plagioclase-free) granite. Due to an edge effect, it is concentrated close to the wall of the magma chamber. The size and form of the outcropping granite depend on the intersection of the diapir with the erosion surface. Fluorine only makes it possible to follow the process. The model may be generalised to explain the diversification of non-F enriched granite, since the buoyancy of a magma batch several thousand m 3 in size has a much larger impact on the system than the small negative buoyancy of crystals or small crystal aggregates. A-type granite classified merely from its trace element content may form from separated F-enriched magma batches. This may be the reason for their high frequency in the Eastern Desert.
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| 5. |
- Abu El-Rus, Mohamed A., et al.
(författare)
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Mueilha rare metals granite, Eastern Desert of Egypt : An example of a magmatic-hydrothermal system in the Arabian-Nubian Shield
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937. ; 294-295, s. 362-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mueilha granite pluton is one of the rare-metals bearing peraluminous granitic plutons in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. It represents the apical part of a highly evolved magma chamber emplaced at a shallow level subsequent to the post Pan-African orogeny. The pluton can be seen as a highly leucocratic medium-grained albite/oligoclase framework infilled with quartz, K-feldspar and muscovite that are variably overgrown by K-feldspar, muscovite, quartz and topaz megacrysts. The increasing number and size of the K-feldspar megacrysts at the expense of the whitened albite/oligoclase framework imparts variably red color to the Mueilha granite. Contacts between the milky white and red granites are usually gradational, but may be locally sharp or may form narrow transition zones resulting from abrupt variations in texture and lithology. Textural relations indicate an initial stage of hydrothermal albitization of magmatic plagioclase and crystallization of topaz megacrysts resulting from infiltration of Na-rich fluorine bearing fluids. A subsequent stage of metasomatic enrichment is characterized by extensive growth of large K-feldspar, quartz and muscovite megacrysts at the expense of the albite/oligoclase crystals as a result of infiltration of K-Si rich hydrous fluids. Post-magmatic infiltration of hydrous fluids along the fault planes is shown by the intense replacement of alkali feldspar megacrysts by quartz, development of myrmekitic intergrowth pockets along the K-feldspar megacrysts and sealing of the micro-fractures by cryptocrystalline mixtures of clay minerals, iron oxides, sericite and chlorite. Compositionally, the red granitic rocks have higher SiO2, Fe2O3total, K2O/Na2O, Σ REE, Y, Th, U, Zr and Zn and lower Al2O3, Ga, Ta, Nb and Mo compared to the milky white granites. LILE and Sn do not show clear variation trends throughout the Mueilha granite pluton, suggesting their immobility during hydrothermal alteration. Microthermometric measurements indicate that the interactions with the hydrothermal fluids started at a minimum temperature > 400°C, most likely during the late-stage crystallization of the Mueilha granite and continued after their complete solidification (i.e. subsolidus conditions) at a temperature as low as 120 °C. The high fertility of Mueilha granite is most plausibly the result of partial melting within the undepleted juvenile crust of the Arabian–Nubian Shield that has formed during the Pan-African orogeny.
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| 6. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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Donovan och Maharishi : några reflektioner kring samhällsutveckling och andliga budskap i 1960-talets popkultur
- 2016
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Ingår i: M&STE : elektronisk tidskrift för konferensen musik & samhälle. - : Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, Lunds universitet. - 2002-4622. ; 1:1, s. 60-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This text intends to highlight some aspects of how Donovan’s music during his heyday in the 1960s, was influenced through his meeting and subsequent stay with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Rishikesh, India. By analyzing the song "Hurdy Gurdy Man", I attempt to exemplify how Maharishi's teachings and philosophy were integrated into a song that was composed during Donovan's stay with him. The challenging of established society comes towards the end of the decade, according to some scholars to expression in a critique of materialism, but with a clear message of love. In Donovan's music in general and "Hurdy Gurdy Man" in particular, this challenge is expressed in allegoric references to both Indian philosophy and apocalyptic conceptions of the age. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi is in this context perceived as the one who can fulfill the expectations that characterize the counterculture in the 1960s and its criticism of established Western society. Donovan makes a reference to himself as the Hurdy Gurdy Man, singing the song at an appearance before Maharishi. Is it Donovan’s ambition to emphasize the role he assumed as a mediator of the message of peace and love, both as a Celtic bard and as Maharishi’s bard? I meen it would certainly seem so. I believe that through the analysis of this text and Donovan’s approach, one may gain an insight into both the spiritual messages of the 1960s and what specifically happened in the British pop culture during the latter part of the decade. I argue that the song "Hurdy Gurdy Man", in particular, is a typical representative of the zeitgeist of society with its expectations of a better world and world peace, and that in the 1960s for quite a few of the younger generation, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi was the one who corresponded to those aspirations.
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| 7. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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The Mullnäset rapakivi granite, its chemical and mineralogical composition including a comparison with the Sörvik granite, west central Sweden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 138:3, s. 445-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution presents complimentary mineralogical and whole-rock chemical data for the Mullnäset rapakivi massif. Three rock types occur: gabbro, syenite with associated granite and “normal” rapakivi granite, here denoted rapakivi-textured granite. In the syenite-associated granite, extremely Mg-poor clinopyroxene and fayalite are the most important mafic minerals, whereas ferrohornblende and strongly chloritized biotite are most important in the rapakivi-textured granite. All mafic minerals are Fe-extreme. The two rapakivi granites are metaluminous straddling the boundary between calc-alkaline and alkaline granite, whereas the neighbouring, older Sörvik granite is peraluminous and typically calc-alkaline. The Mullnäset rapakivi granite is A-type. It is lower in incompatible trace elements than the Sörvik granite. The HFSE patterns differ between the two granites. In both the rapakivi and Sörvik granites, Archaean rocks form part of the source rocks. The Archaean input seems to be more important in the Mullnäset (and other rapakivi granites from the same general area) granite than in the Sörvik granite. No data contradict the suggested formation of rapakivi granite magma: upwelling mantle melts under a thickened continental crust triggering melting of the continental crust.
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| 8. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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Chemical composition of Late Svecofennian granite in the Bothnian Basin, central Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 136:3, s. 483-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late Svecofennian granite is frequent in the Bothnian Basin, especially in zones of rapidly changing metamorphic grade but also in areas, where the metamorphic grade is elevated. The granite is essentially undeformed, but weakly foliated or lineated rocks are common; more rarely are rocks strongly foliated. X-ray fluorescence was used for major-element and ICP-MS for trace-element analyses. The chemical composition is almost invariably peraluminous, calc-alkaline and strict granitic. The mean of the molecular ratio Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O) is 1.3 with an almost normal distribution. It straddles the boundary between S- and I-type granites (where the value 1.1 is used as the boundary). The source is made up of mixtures in any proportions of igneous and sedimentary rocks, and this boundary is not a strict boundary between source rocks. Trace-element variation is immense. Rare earth element patterns are somewhat different for I- and S-type granites, but otherwise no systematic difference depending on the I/S character has been found. The metasedimentary rocks in the source were probably enriched in Sr and show evidence of oxidation. Breakdown of biotite and, probably to some extent, muscovite delivered the necessary volatiles for melting. Volatiles were important for the evolution of the granite giving non-CHARAC effects among others tetrad effects to the low-temperature granite. Degrees of melting were moderate and probably variable but cannot be quantified. Zr-saturation temperatures vary (820 +/- 148 degrees C (2 sigma)), but are higher for I-type than for S-type granites. The lowest temperatures occur in low-grade areas probably representing high intrusion levels.
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| 9. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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"Unity pervades all activity as water every wave" : principal teachings and philosophy of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The major purpose of this thesis is to investigate some essential aspects of the teachings and philosophy of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1917-2008) expressed during different periods of time. There is a primary focus on the teachings expressed in Maharishi’s translation and commentary on the didactic poem, Bhagavadgītā, with extensive references to Maharishi’s metaphorical language. The philosophy and teaching expressed in this text is investigated in relation to later texts. Since maybe the most significant and most propagated message of Maharishi was his peace message, its theory and practice, as well as studies published regarding the so-called Maharishi Effect, are reflected in the thesis. Maharishi’s philosophy and teachings are analysed using three categories: 1. Vision and Tradition, as Maharishi could be considered on the one hand, a custodian of the ancient Vedic tradition and is associated with the Advaita Vedānta tradition of Śaṅkara from his master. On the other hand, Maharishi could be considered an innovator of this tradition and a visionary in his interpretation of the Vedic texts in relation to modern science. 2. Consciousness and Experience are central concepts in the teachings of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, as well as the relationship between them, which is evidenced by their use in Maharishi’s writing and lecturing. 3. Practice before Theory is a concept used because of the numerous instances in Maharishi’s philosophy and teaching indicating that he put practice before theory for spiritual development. The practice of Transcendental Meditation and the advanced TM-Sidhi programme is according to Maharishi in his vision of a better society most essential and he considered the application of a practice forgotten in many interpretations of texts like the Bhagavadgītā. The thesis thus considers Maharishi’s view on “Veda” and the “Vedic literature”, and on the Self, Ātmā, which could be considered the single most important concept in Maharishi’s world of ideas on which his entire teaching is based.
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| 10. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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Minute-sized crystals pf HFSE minerals in evolved, fluorite-bering granite : an example from the Sörvik granite, central Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 134:4, s. 283-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SEM-EDS techniques are used to study minute-sized crystals of HFSE minerals in an evolved batch of fluorine-rich granite. The batch separated due to buoyancy from the bulk magma before fluid separation was reached. Fluorine acted as the main complexing agent in the magma, facilitating the transport of many elements. Enhanced concentrations of elements like Nb, Y, REE, Th and possibly Be gave the granite an accessory mineral composition similar to that of NYF pegmatite. Biotite was chloritized and often no remaining biotite can be identified. Frequent are two minerals from the aeschynite-euxenite-polycrase group. One is blocky and formed together with chlorite. It was replaced by an acicular variety, which continued to crystallize into the late hydrothermal stage. Bastnäsite and synchysite are also common in the granite. Both started crystallizing together with chlorite, but only synchysite can be followed into the late hydrothermal stage. Hingganite and gadolinite occur as inclusions in fluorite and chlorite. Galgenbergite formed as fracture-fillings. Some other rare minerals have merely been identified as accidental inclusions, but their identification is less certain. They include brenkite, fluocerite, fergusonite and possibly håleniusite. Chemical heterogeneities in the minerals point to incomplete equilibration
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