| 1. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth : A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 5:2, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consistent with the theory underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a construct termed psychological inflexibility has been suggested. There are few validated measures of psychological inflexibility for children and adolescents. One such validated instrument is the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). The results from a single study have not so far been replicated for youth.Objective: The aim of this study is to test psychometric characteristics for Swedish versions of the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8. The participants were recruited from an on-going study within institutional care for young people (12-20 years) with psychosocial problems.Findings: In this study of a sample of 159 Swedish adolescents (15-20 years of age) with psychosocial problems, the full 17-item scale was used, and analyses of the 8 items that constitute the short version (AFQ-Y8) were conducted later. The short version showed better psychometric properties than the full 17-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine factor solutions. The better fit for AFQ-Y8 was indicated by three of the most common measures of model fit: the comparative fit index (CFI) value exceeded .95 (the recommended cut-off value), the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) was below 08 (the recommended cut-off value), and the value of the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was below the recommended .05 for the AFQ-Y8 scale, which the AFQ-Y17 scale failed to attain.Conclusions: This study supports the reliability, convergent validity and generalizability of both AFQ-Y17 and the shorter version AFQ-Y8. With regards to validity, both versions related in a theoretically consistent way with other psychological constructs. AFQ-Y8 was well represented by a single factor structure, while AFQ-Y17 showed a less good fit to a single factor structure. Overall, the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8 may be valuable clinical tools in reflecting changes in psychological inflexibility among adolescents. However, since the shorter version, AFQ-Y8, had psychometric properties that were at least as robust as the full 17-item scale, the shorter version is recommended for use among adolescents. (C) 2016 Association for Contextual Behavioral Science.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport Trestad2. Del A: Genomgång av delprojekt och samlad bedömning.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en del av den avslutande rapporteringen av projektet Trestad2. Trestad2 är en av Socialdepartementet finansierad satsning för att i landets tre storstadskommuner arbeta fram insatser och åtgärder för att minska användandet av cannabis och ungdomar och unga vuxna. De tre städerna har på olika sätt själva eller i samarbete tillskapat en mängd olika projekt för att upptäcka och förebygga användande av cannabis samt behandla de som drabbats. En oberoende forskargrupp har utsetts av de tre städerna att utvärdera arbetet som utförts under projektets gång från 2012 till 2015 och därefter rapportera resultaten till Socialdepartementet. Denna rapport är alltså en del av denna rapportering. Forskargruppen har varit med från projektets start och har löpande tagit del av hur arbetet i projektet utvecklats. Utvärderingen har fokuserat på att undersöka hur väl projektet lyckats uppnå sina målsättningar. I huvudsak har arbetsmetoden varit att granska projektdokument från de olika delprojekten i Trestad2, men forskargruppen har också genomfört intervjuer med nyckelpersoner i de tre städerna. Denna rapport består av tre olika delar. I det första avsnittet finns en redogörelse för den projektansökan som ligger till grund för tillkomsten av Trestad2 och det görs en samlad bedömning huruvida projektet som helhet haft en inriktning i linje med de mål som formulerades från början. I detta avsnitt finns också en redogörelse för hur städerna organiserat sig för att klara av att nå projektets målsättningar och likheter och skillnader lyfts fram samt de olika lokala förutsättningar städerna har haft för att jobba med projektet. I nästa avsnitt följer en genomgång av de skilda delprojekten i Trestad2. Där beskrivs delprojektens innehåll och genomförande och det görs en bedömning av projektens utfall i olika relevanta avseenden. I det sista avsnittet diskuteras vad forskargruppen anser att projektet lett fram till. Där lyfts fram vilka erfarenheter som gjorts, vad som lyckats särskilt väl och de svårigheter som funnits. I rapportens slut finns en förteckning av publicerade rapporter inom Trestad2 för vidare läsning.
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| 3. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Compulsory School Achievement and Problem Gambling Among Swedish Young People
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 56:4, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose We aimed to examine the association between school grades at the age of 16 years and problem gambling at the age of 17–25 years among Swedish females and males. Methods In a cohort design, we followed the 16- to 24-year-old participants in the representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study for 2 years, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, generating 3,816 person-years of follow-up time. The outcome, incidence of mild and moderate/severe gambling problems, was measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index in telephone interviews. The exposure was register-linked information about final grades in compulsory school. The association between school grades and problem gambling was estimated in multinomial logistic regressions. Results Low and average school grades were associated with increased incidence of mild and moderate/severe problem gambling compared to high grades, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use. Low grades, compared to high grades, were associated with a higher risk of mild gambling problems for adolescent males, whereas the incidence proportion of moderate/severe problem gambling was high for males aged 20–25 years with low grades, among whom unemployment was also very high. Furthermore, we found a strong and graded association between school grades and moderate/severe problem gambling for women in both age groups, despite a low prevalence of gambling participation among females compared to males. Conclusions Our findings show that Swedish youth with low school achievement have an increased risk of gambling problems up to 8 years after school graduation, after control for confounding from sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use, and that this association is stronger for females than males.
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| 4. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Incidence of Problem Gambling in a Representative Cohort of Swedish Female and Male 16-24 Year-Olds by Socio-demographic Characteristics, in Comparison with 25-44 Year-Olds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 31:3, s. 621-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the incidence of a first episode of problem gambling among Swedish 16-24 year-olds by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and to compare the incidence between 16-24 and 25-44 year-olds, and between young women and men. Other aims were to estimate the proportions of recovery and incidence in recurrent problem gambling, and prevalence of problem gambling among 16-44 year-olds in Sweden. We selected 4,358 participants aged 16-44 from the nationally representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The primary outcome measure was a first episode of problem gambling during 12 months before the follow-up as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index among participants without a history of problem gambling at baseline. The incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling among 16-24 year-olds was 2.26% (95% confidence interval 1.52-3.36); three times lower among females (1.14; 0.42-3.07%) than males (3.32; 2.19-5.01%). Young age and household financial problems were associated with first episode problem gambling among young women. Among 25-44 year-olds, the incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling was 0.81% (0.41-1.56). Recovery from problem gambling was high, in particular among females. Individual transitions from problem gambling to recovery and to recurrent problem gambling, between baseline and follow-up, were common regardless of age. This study adds further evidence to research suggesting that there is a high mobility in and out of problem gambling over time on an individual level. The high incidence of first episode problem gambling among youth in Sweden stresses the importance of prevention of problem gambling at an early age.
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| 5. |
- Moberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric and neurological disorders in late adolescence and risk of convictions for violent crime in men
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between mental illness and violent crime is complex because of the involvement of many other confounding risk factors. In the present study, we analysed psychiatric and neurological disorders in relation to the risk of convictions for violent crime, taking into account early behavioural and socio-economic risk factors. Methods: The study population consisted of 49,398 Swedish men, who were thoroughly assessed at conscription for compulsory military service during the years 1969-1970 and followed in national crime registers up to 2006. Five diagnostic groups were analysed: anxiety-depression/neuroses, personality disorders, substance-related disorders, mental retardation and neurological conditions. In addition, eight confounders measured at conscription and based on the literature on violence risk assessment, were added to the analyses. The relative risks of convictions for violent crime during 35 years after conscription were examined in relation to psychiatric diagnoses and other risk factors at conscription, as measured by odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) from bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In the bivariate analyses there was a significant association between receiving a psychiatric diagnosis at conscription and a future conviction for violent crime (OR = 3.83, 95 % CI = 3.47-4.22), whereas no significant association between neurological conditions and future violent crime (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 0.48-2.21) was found. In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, mental retardation had the strongest association with future violent crime (OR = 3.60, 95 % CI = 2.73-4.75), followed by substance-related disorders (OR = 2.81, 95 % CI = 2.18-3.62), personality disorders (OR = 2.66, 95 % CI = 2.21-3.19) and anxiety-depression (OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.07-1.55). Among the other risk factors, early behavioural problem had the strongest association with convictions for violent crime. Conclusions: Mental retardation, substance-related disorders, personality disorders and early behavioural problems are important predictors of convictions for violent crime in men.
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| 6. |
- Molero, Yasmina, et al.
(författare)
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Are offending trajectories identified in population sample studies relevant for treatment settings? A comparison of long-term offending trajectories in individuals treated for substance abuse in adolescence, to a matched general population sample
- 2015
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : Wiley. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 25:5, s. 416-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most studies on offending heterogeneity have been conducted with general population samples. It is not clear to what extent these can inform such outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders specifically.Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the offending trajectories of individuals treated for substance use disorders in adolescence with a matched general population sample, and to test for gender differences in this respect.Method: Growth mixture models were applied to identify offending trajectories from age 15 to 33 of 1568 individuals treated for substance use disorders in adolescence, and in a matched population-based sample of 1500 individuals.Results: Several parallel trajectories for men and for women were identified in both samples. The substance misuse treatment sample, however, had higher levels of offending, larger offender classes, longer careers and two additional, distinct trajectories. Although there were similarities between the men and women, the men were more heterogeneous offenders. There were two distinct offending trajectories among male substance misusersdecreasing high level and decreasing low level offending.Conclusions: Differences between substance using and general population samples indicate that results from the latter could underestimate the severity, heterogeneity, and persistence of offending trajectories if merely generalised to individuals with substance use disorders. Our results also indicated that population-based samples might be underpowered for detecting female offending heterogeneity.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Trestad2 : Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013.
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014.
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| 8. |
- Gripenberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Trestad2: Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014. Rapporten publiceras av Malmö Högskola efter överenskommelse med medverkande städer för att möjliggöra citering av rapportens innehåll vid kommande slutrapport samt för att göra dess innehåll tillgängligt för andra intressenter.
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| 9. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Spelberoende: Forskning för en hållbar spelpolitik
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige är cirka 164 000 personer problemspelare, viket utgör ett betydande folkhälsoproblem. Ungdomar, personer med låg socioekonomisk status och utrikes födda har i allmänhet mer spelproblem än andra. Trots att så många som 75 procent av alla problemspelare varje år förändrar sina spelvanor till det bättre är omfattningen av spelproblem relativt konstant i Sverige, eftersom lika många nya problemspelare tillkommer varje år varav en del är återfall. Forskningssammanställningar visar att strukturella åtgärder i form av ökad reglering är mest effektiva för att motverka spelproblem. Man kan redan idag påstå att en evidensbaserad spelpolitik i viss utsträckning är möjlig. Men det finns kunskapsluckor. Forskarna vet exempelvis lite om hur effektiva de spelansvarsåtgärder som spelbolag genomför är för att minska spelproblemen. Det behövs mer forskning om relationen mellan positiva och negativa samhällseffekter av spelandet, det vill säga intäkter och arbetstillfällen i relation till vårdkostnader och lidande. Till skillnad från alkoholforskningen så finns vissa frågetecken inom spelforskningen kring att ökad spelkonsumtion leder till ökade spelproblem.
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| 10. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial health and gambling problems among men and women aged 16–24 years in the Swedish National Public Health Survey
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:3, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to explore the association between psychosocial health, gambling and gambling problems in a nationally representative sample of Swedish youth aged 16–24 years. Another aim was to examine whether these associations were different between young men and women.Methods: Data were from the cross-sectional Swedish National Public Health Survey in 2004–07. With a response rate of 60.1%, the sample consisted of 19 016 youth. Using a sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression, we estimated associations between psychosocial health variables and gambling and gambling problems.Results: Among males, we found that the higher the alcohol consumption, the higher the likelihood of gambling and gambling problems. Men with high alcohol consumption had an almost four times higher likelihood of gambling problems than men with no or low alcohol consumption (OR 3.94, 95% CI: 2.17–7.14). Moreover, young male victims of violence were more than twice as likely to have gambling problems than non-victims (OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.39–3.99). Among young women, we found an inverse association between high alcohol consumption and gambling problems (OR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.44), opposite that of the young men. Furthermore, psychological distress (OR 6.15, 95% CI: 2.15–17.60) and suicidality (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.16–7.17) were associated with higher probabilities of gambling problems among young women.Conclusion: Alcohol use, violence victimization and poor mental health are associated with gambling problems among Swedish youth, however, with important sex differences. Prevention of youth gambling should consider sex differences and psychosocial health in addition to gambling.
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