| 1. |
- Feneuil, Blandine, et al.
(author)
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Experimental and numerical investigation of bubble migration in shear flow : Deformability-driven chaining and repulsion
- 2023
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In: Physical Review Fluids. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-990X. ; 8:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the interaction-induced migration of bubbles in shear flow and observe that bubbles suspended in elastoviscoplastic emulsions organize into chains aligned in the flow direction, similarly to particles in viscoelastic fluids. To investigate the driving mechanism, we perform experiments and simulations on bubble pairs, using suspending fluids with different rheological properties. First, we notice that, for all fluids, the interaction type depends on the relative position of the bubbles. If they are aligned in the vorticity direction, then they repel, if not, then they attract each other. The simulations show a similar behavior in Newtonian fluids as in viscoelastic and elastoviscoplastic fluids, as long as the capillary number is sufficiently large. This shows that the interaction-related migration of the bubbles is strongly affected by the bubble deformation. We suggest that the cause of migration is the interaction between the heterogeneous pressure fields around the deformed bubbles, due to capillary pressure.
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| 2. |
- Laurent, Timothée, et al.
(author)
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Architecture of the chikungunya virus replication organelle
- 2022
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In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications. - 2050-084X. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne viruses that cause serious disease in humans and other mammals. Along with its mosquito vector, the Alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread explosively in the last 20 years, and there is no approved treatment for chikungunya fever. On the plasma membrane of the infected cell, CHIKV generates dedicated organelles for viral RNA replication, so-called spherules. Whereas structures exist for several viral proteins that make up the spherule, the architecture of the full organelle is unknown. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography to image CHIKV spherules in their cellular context. This reveals that the viral protein nsP1 serves as a base for the assembly of a larger protein complex at the neck of the membrane bud. Biochemical assays show that the viral helicase-protease nsP2, while having no membrane affinity on its own, is recruited to membranes by nsP1. The tomograms further reveal that full-sized spherules contain a single copy of the viral genome in double-stranded form. Finally, we present a mathematical model that explains the membrane remodeling of the spherule in terms of the pressure exerted on the membrane by the polymerizing RNA, which provides a good agreement with the experimental data. The energy released by RNA polymerization is found to be sufficient to remodel the membrane to the characteristic spherule shape.
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| 3. |
- Köksal, Elif Senem, et al.
(author)
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Rapid Growth and Fusion of Protocells in Surface-Adhered Membrane Networks
- 2020
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In: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 16:38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated temperatures might have promoted the nucleation, growth, and replication of protocells on the early Earth. Recent reports have shown evidence that moderately high temperatures not only permit protocell assembly at the origin of life, but can have actively supported it. Here, the fast nucleation and growth of vesicular compartments from autonomously formed lipid networks on solid surfaces, induced by a moderate increase in temperature, are shown. Branches of the networks, initially consisting of self-assembled interconnected nanotubes, rapidly swell into microcompartments which can spontaneously encapsulate RNA fragments. The increase in temperature further causes fusion of adjacent network-connected compartments, resulting in the redistribution of the RNA. The experimental observations and the mathematical model indicate that the presence of nanotubular interconnections between protocells facilitates the fusion process.
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| 4. |
- Köksal, Elif Senem, et al.
(author)
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Nanotube-Mediated Path to Protocell Formation
- 2019
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In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellular compartments are membrane-enclosed, spatially distinct microenvironments that confine and protect biochemical reactions in the biological cell. On the early Earth, the autonomous formation of compartments is thought to have led to the encapsulation of nucleotides, thereby satisfying a starting condition for the emergence of life. Recently, surfaces have come into focus as potential platforms for the self-assembly of prebiotic compartments, as significantly enhanced vesicle formation was reported in the presence of solid interfaces. The detailed mechanism of such formation at the mesoscale is still under discussion. We report here on the spontaneous transformation of solid-surface-adhered lipid deposits to unilamellar membrane compartments through a straightforward sequence of topological changes, proceeding via a network of interconnected lipid nanotubes. We show that this transformation is entirely driven by surface-free energy minimization and does not require hydrolysis of organic molecules or external stimuli such as electrical currents or mechanical agitation. The vesicular structures take up and encapsulate their external environment during formation and can subsequently separate and migrate upon exposure to hydrodynamic flow. This may link the self-directed transition from weakly organized bioamphiphile assemblies on solid surfaces to protocells with secluded internal contents.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Yuli, et al.
(author)
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Local dissipation limits the dynamics of impacting droplets on smooth and rough substrates
- 2017
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In: PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-990X. ; 2:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A droplet that impacts onto a solid substrate deforms in a complex dynamics. To extract the principal mechanisms that dominate this dynamics, we deploy numerical simulations based on the phase field method. Direct comparison with experiments suggests that a dissipation local to the contact line limits the droplet spreading dynamics and its scaled maximum spreading radius beta(max). By assuming linear response through a drag force at the contact line, our simulations rationalize experimental observations for droplet impact on both smooth and rough substrates, measured through a single contact line friction parameter mu(f). Moreover, our analysis shows that dissipation at the contact line can limit the dynamics and we describe beta(max) by the scaling law beta(max) similar to (Re mu(l)/mu(f))(1/2) that is a function of the droplet viscosity (mu(l)) and its Reynolds number (Re).
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Water-substrate physico-chemistry in wetting dynamics
- 2015
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In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 781, s. 695-711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the wetting of water droplets on substrates with different chemical composition and molecular spacing, but with an identical equilibrium contact angle. A combined approach of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and a continuum phase field model allows us to identify and quantify the influence of the microscopic physics at the contact line on the macroscopic droplet dynamics. We show that the substrate physico-chemistry, in particular hydrogen bonding, can significantly alter the flow. Since the material parameters are systematically derived from the atomistic simulations, our continuum model has only one adjustable parameter, which appears as a friction factor at the contact line. The continuum model approaches the atomistic wetting rate only when we adjust this contact line friction factor. However, the flow appears to he qualitatively different when comparing the atomistic and continuum models, highlighting that non-trivial continuum effects can come into play near the interface of the wetting front.
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| 7. |
- Carlson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Short and long time drop dynamics on lubricated substrates
- 2013
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In: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 104:3, s. 34008-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Liquid infiltrated solids have been proposed as functional solvent-phobic surfaces for handling single and multiphase flows. Implementation of such surfaces alters the interfacial transport phenomenon as compared to a dry substrate. To better understand the interface characteristics in such systems we study experimentally the dynamics of a pendant water drop in air that contacts a substrate coated by thin oil films. At short times the water drop is deformed by the oil that spreads onto the water-air interface, and the dynamics are characterized by inertial and viscous regimes. At late times, the the oil film under the drop relaxes either to a stable thin film or ruptures. In the thin film rupture regime, we measure the waiting time for the rupture as a function of the drop equilibrium contact angle on a dry substrate and the initial film height. The waiting time is rationalized by lubrication theory, which indicates that long-range intermolecular forces destabilize the oil-water interface and is the primary mechanism for the film drainage.
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| 8. |
- Nakamura, Yoshinori, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic wetting at the nanoscale
- 2013
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In: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 88:3, s. 033010-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although the capillary spreading of a drop on a dry substrate is well studied, understanding and describing the physical mechanisms that govern the dynamics remain challenging. Here we study the dynamics of spreading of partially wetting nanodroplets by combining molecular dynamics simulations and continuum phase field simulations. The phase field simulations account for all the relevant hydrodynamics, i.e., capillarity, inertia, and viscous stresses. By coordinated continuum and molecular dynamics simulations, the macroscopic model parameters are extracted. For a Lennard-Jones fluid spreading on a planar surface, the liquid slip at the solid substrate is found to be significant, in fact crucial for the motion of the contact line. Evaluation of the different contributions to the energy transfer shows that the liquid slip generates dissipation of the same order as the bulk viscous dissipation or the energy transfer to kinetic energy. We also study the dynamics of spreading on a substrate with a periodic nanostructure. Here it is found that a nanostructure with a length scale commensurate with molecular size completely inhibits the liquid slip. The dynamic spreading is thus about 30% slower on a nanostructured surface compared to one that is atomically smooth.
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| 9. |
- Carlson, Andreas, 1981-
(author)
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Capillarity and dynamic wetting
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis capillary dominated two–phase flow is studied by means of nu- merical simulations and experiments. The theoretical basis for the simulations consists of a phase field model, which is derived from the system’s thermody- namics, and coupled with the Navier Stokes equations. Two types of interfacial flow are investigated, droplet dynamics in a bifurcating channel and sponta- neous capillary driven spreading of drops.Microfluidic and biomedical applications often rely on a precise control of droplets as they traverse through complicated networks of bifurcating channels. Three–dimensional simulations of droplet dynamics in a bifurcating channel are performed for a set of parameters, to describe their influence on the resulting droplet dynamics. Two distinct flow regimes are identified as the droplet in- teracts with the tip of the channel junction, namely, droplet splitting and non- splitting. A flow map based on droplet size and Capillary number is proposed to predict whether the droplet splits or not in such a geometry.A commonly occurring flow is the dynamic wetting of a dry solid substrate. Both experiments and numerical simulations of the spreading of a drop are presented here. A direct comparison of the two identifies a new parameter in the phase field model that is required to accurately predict the experimental spreading behavior. This parameter μf [P a · s], is interpreted as a friction factor at the moving contact line. Comparison of simulations and experiments for different liquids and surface wetting properties enabled a measurement of the contact line friction factor for a wide parameter space. Values for the contact line friction factor from phase field theory are reported here for the first time.To identify the physical mechanism that governs the droplet spreading, the different contributions to the flow are measured from the simulations. An im- portant part of the dissipation may arise from a friction related to the motion of the contact line itself, and this is found to be dominating both inertia and viscous friction adjacent to the contact line. A scaling law based on the con- tact line friction factor collapses the experimental data, whereas a conventional inertial or viscous scaling fails to rationalize the experimental observation, supporting the numerical finding.
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| 10. |
- Carlson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Contact line dissipation in short-time dynamic wetting
- 2012
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In: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 97:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dynamic wetting of a solid surface is a process that is ubiquitous in Nature, and also of increasing technological importance. The underlying dissipative mechanisms are, however, still unclear. We present here short-time dynamic wetting experiments and numerical simulations, based on a phase field approach, of a droplet on a dry solid surface, where direct comparison of the two allows us to evaluate the different contributions from the numerics. We find that an important part of the dissipation may arise from a friction related to the motion of the contact line itself, and that this may be dominating both inertia and viscous friction in the flow adjacent to the contact line. A contact line friction factor appears in the theoretical formulation that can be distinguished and quantified, also in room temperature where other sources of dissipation are present. Water and glycerin-water mixtures on various surfaces have been investigated where we show the dependency of the friction factor on the nature of the surface, and the viscosity of the liquid.
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