| 1. |
- Andréasson, Måns, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the dispersion and electrostatic components in arene-arene interactions between ligands and G4 DNA to develop G4-ligands
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 67:3, s. 2202-2219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- G-Quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are important regulatory elements in central biological processes. Small molecules that selectively bind and stabilize G4 structures have therapeutic potential, and there are currently >1000 known G4 ligands. Despite this, only two G4 ligands ever made it to clinical trials. In this work, we synthesized several heterocyclic G4 ligands and studied their interactions with G4s (e.g., G4s from the c-MYC, c-KIT, and BCL-2 promoters) using biochemical assays. We further studied the effect of selected compounds on cell viability, the effect on the number of G4s in cells, and their pharmacokinetic properties. This identified potent G4 ligands with suitable properties and further revealed that the dispersion component in arene-arene interactions in combination with electron-deficient electrostatics is central for the ligand to bind with the G4 efficiently. The presented design strategy can be applied in the further development of G4-ligands with suitable properties to explore G4s as therapeutic targets.
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| 2. |
- Edling, Silvia, Universitetslektor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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I skuggan av mobbning och kränkande behandling på mellanstadiet från ett genusperspektiv : Resultat från en fallstudie
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten är en sammanställning av en studie beställd av en kommun med syfte att få en ökad förståelse för varför förhållandevis många flickor på mellanstadiet i kommunen upplever sig mer utsatta än pojkar. Studien tar fasta på forskning som visar på att det inte finns starka biologiska förklaringar till eventuella skillnader mellan könen, vilket pekar mot vikten av att synliggöra kulturens inverkan på könsmönster, så kallad genusmönster. Det finns en ansenlig mängd forskning idag som pekar på att mobbning tar form och vidmakthålls i en socioekologisk miljö där mikro-, meso- och makronivåer samverkar. Med denna bas som utgångspunkt har 44 personer på tre skolor av olika karaktär intervjuats med stöd i semi-strukturerad intervjuteknik och kategoriserats med hjälp av fallstudier och innehållsanalys. De nästan 800 sidorna transkriberat material synliggör en nyanserad bild av elevers, lärares, skolledares, elevhälsopersonal och administrativ personals förståelse och beskrivna handlingar av hur de närmar sig skolans värdegrunds- och trygghetsuppdrag med särskilt fokus på kön. Det finns en stor kompetens och förhållandevis djup förståelse för frågor som rör utsatthet och mobbning i den grupp som har intervjuats – en kompetens som i mångt och mycket ligger i linje med forskning idag. Vi hoppas att en studie som denna kan bidra som ett systematiskt underlag och stöd för professionellt omdöme. Resultaten visar på; a) en bred variation av sätt att förstå vissa flickors utsatthet; b) metoder/åtgärder som används på de tre skolorna; samt, c) olika hinder för att stimulera en trygg socioekologisk miljö. De övergripande resultaten visar att de intervjuade är medvetna om att pojkar och flickor överlag är unika individer och där inte bara vissa flickor, utan även vissa pojkar mår dåligt och behöver lyftas fram liksom ges stöd. Samtidigt finns mönster avseende på hur flickor mår, beter sig och behandlas som är viktiga att lyfta fram. Beskrivningarna av flickors och pojkars skillnader handlar generellt om att de upplevs och upplever sig befinna sig på två olika arenor där könsstereotypa roller utvecklats vilka bygger på stereotyper om den utåtagerande och aggressiva pojken och den tysta flickan som förtrycks och tar åt sig och som ibland själv utöver mobbning i form av exempelvis subtila blickar, förtal och utfrysning. Det är viktigt att påpeka att de stereotypa föreställningar om kön som tycks finnas på skolorna, inte per automatik betyder att enskilda personers sätt att vara och handla i daglig praktik samstämmer med dessa förenklade föreställningar. Stereotyper handlar mer om att ordna och hierarkisera individer på ett visst sätt som stärker en viss maktordning. Användning av social media är något som särskilt tycks skada flickors välbefinnande och känsla av utsatthet, liksom platser i skolan där vuxna inte eller sällan finns och där tävling förekommer. I de fall där flickor är utåtagerande och högljudda så upplever vissa sig inte behandlas på samma sätt som pojkarna. Det framkommer även återkommande berättelser om att flickor och pojkar överlag leker olika lekar och inte blandas under rasterna vilket förstärker särskiljning av de två arenorna.Samtidigt framkommer ett stort engagemang och bred repertoar av åtgärder i aktörernas intervjuer som bygger på en medvetenhet om att mikro, makro- och meso- nivån behöver samverka. Eleverna lyfter särskilt fram vikten av att lärare ser dem, skapar ordnade former av aktiviteter på raster och är konsekventa i sin hantering av olika former av utsatthet. När det kommer till hinder nämns; a) de genusnormer som finns i samhället inklusive social medias inverkan; b) negativa konsekvenser av ökad dokumentation; c) relationella och existentiella villkor; d) ökning av diagnoser; e) bristande tid; f) svårigheter att veta vad man förväntas se och synliggöra i enkät och praktik; g) inkonsekvent beteende bland personal; h) brister i kommunikation mellan olika aktörer; i) svårigheter att nå samsyn och svårigheter att rekrytera vikarier; j) att skapa långsiktighet i ledarskap i skola och klassrum på grund av personalbyten: samt, k) ökning av ett grovt och kränkande språk som väver sig in i dagligt tal.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport inom Gothenburg Green City Zone (GGCZ): Metodik för analys och införande av klimatneutrala mobilitets- och transportlösningar i städer
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är ett arbetsdokument som har efterfrågats i arbetet inom Gothenburg Green City Zone (GGCZ), där det pågår en process för att ta fram en mer detaljerad planering för en övergång till helt fossilfria transporter i Göteborg. Rapporten resonerar först kring zonbegreppet, vilken forskning som tidigare gjorts, vilka slags zoner som redan finns och som implementerats i Sverige och Europa. Rapporten föreslår sedan en metodik för hur zoner kan definieras och hur en generell zonindelning skulle kunna upprättas som skulle kunna användas som mall för både Göteborg och andra städer. Arbetet är inte färdigt utan kommer att fortsätta under kommande år både inom RISE och tillsammans med övriga samarbetspartners. Det som kvarstår är att definiera i detalj vilka parametrar och egenskaper som gör en viss zon unik, exempelvis genom mätetal som stadsdelars täthet, demografi, socioekonomiska förhållanden, infrastruktur samt befintlig framkomlighet. Målet med arbetet har varit att utveckla och förbättra kunskapen om zonmetodiken, visa på dess möjliga fördelar och utveckla ett verktyg för att användas i omställningen och att hjälpa Göteborg och andra städer att lyckas med omställningen mot klimatneutrala transporter till år 2030.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wastesson, Karin, 1986-
(författare)
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Learning Managerial Work : First-line Managers’ Learning in Everyday Work within Swedish Elderly Care
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study’s overall aim is to contribute knowledge about first-line managers’ learning in everyday work within the context of elderly care. The study used a qualitative research approach and was carried out within four Swedish elderly care organisations. A total of 40 first-line managers were interviewed, 10 of whom kept time-use diaries. The theoretical framework is based on a workplace learning perspective originating from theory of situated learning. Situated learning theory includes the concepts of community of practice, legitimate peripheral participation, and membership, which serve as analytical tools to illuminate characteristics of learning from various angles. In addition, the concept of gender has been used to gain a deeper understanding for managers’ workplace learning in the female-dominated elderly care context.The findings showed that managers’ learning happened in a stream of varied tasks and interactions shaped by conditions in the workplace. The managers’ work was characterised by unpredictability and changing circumstances, which meant they continuously had to learn how to handle new situations and expand their repertoire of managerial practices. One common perception among themanagers was the importance of being able to make quick decisions with limited information, and assess the results afterwards. The managers learned how to deal with work situations by either maintaining and modifying current practices or inventing new ones. In addition to these three practices, their learning was affected by different conditions, particularly professional experience, work relationships and organisational conditions. The findings further showed that the managers had to learn to deal with expectations of how they should act in the managerial role based on their gender, and learn to navigate between gender ideals that permeated the female-dominated elderly care environment.Three conclusions were drawn from this study. The first was that managers took great responsibility for their own learning, including what they needed to know and how they would learn it. Despite the fact that they all had access to resources provided by the employer, managers often chose alternative ways to learn, usually by relying on informal networks and close personal relationships. As a result of this self-directed learning, they were able to make decisions that suited their learning needs, and effectively proceed in practice without having to confirm their chosen methods.The second conclusion was that work relationships played a central part in managers’ learning, within both the care work community and the first-line manager community. Work relationships with other first-line managers provided support for learning through, for example, knowledge exchange and joint discussions, as well as emotional support. Work relationships with subordinates were significant for learning, and could result in solutions to complex issues, which could have a direct effect on the daily operation of care work services. Due to the diverse mix of professions, varying interests, and formal positions of authority in the care work community, managers were required to devote considerable time and effort to facilitate collaboration and a shared repertoire. As a result, learning was seen as a stimulating and enjoyable experience, but was also demanding and sometimes boring.The third conclusion was that in the context of the female-dominated elderly care gender operated differently in two communities of practices. Male privilege was still prominent in the care work community, as men were accepted and perceived as legitimate leaders among their subordinates. Female managers instead had to navigate and balance the expectations associated with femininity and the managerial role in this community. However, the female-dominated elderly care context provided female managers with more opportunities to connect with equal peers and establish influential positions, whereas male managers could encounter challenges in gaining access to learning and participating in the first-line manager community.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Geostängslade BK4-transporter vid bropassager och på tjälade vägar
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Geofenced heavy trucks to protect bridges at crossings allowing higher weight on frozen roads Winter is our friend. When the road body is deep frozen it can handle more weight than during the rest of the year. However, the bridges are not affected by the cold weather, and they are therefore still vulnerable to increased loads. How can we allow increased loads on frozen roads while ensuring protection of the bridges? In this report, we share our insights from a project with the idea of using geofencing to protect the bridges. The geofencing technology ensures that the truck drives at a lower speed over the bridge and the bridge can withstand loads up to 74 tons since decreased speed reduces dynamic loads. If the road keeper can get guarantees that all heavy trucks drive at a low speed over the bridge, heavier traffic can be accommodated. This technology would of course also be beneficial to use across bridges in Europe regardless of the climate. ' The project “Frozen roads and 74 tons”, paid by the Swedish Transport Administration, consisted of three parts. One part was a pilot study during winter 22/23 demonstrating trucks from AB Volvo and Scania loaded with 74 tons using geofencing when the trucks passed over weak bridges. A speed limit, i.e. 50 km/h, was imposed in a zone around each bridge, whose coordinates were stored in the digital map accessible through the trucks’ Fleet Management System. Two different geofencing technologies were tested: on the one hand Scania’s system with “active” geofencing, where the truck was programmed to maintain the allowed speed over the bridge and calculated and implemented this itself (the driver could, however, override this by pushing the gas pedal to the floor); on the other hand AB Volvo’s system with “passive” geofencing, where the driver received a warning message when approaching the zone and would then slow down if necessary. The drivers were interviewed before and after the pilot about their experience. The results from the pilot showed that if the technology is verified, the truck will do the right thing and is on the right road network when the technology is activated. The drivers also liked geofencing. Geofences thus work in practice. The second part of the project was about quantifying the societal benefits of using geofencing. More efficient planning, control and follow-up can lower costs, reduce environmental impact, and increase traffic safety. Calculations in the project show that about 12 percent of timber transports in Norrland use frozen roads. They can benefit from the technology and if the technology is introduced, the industry would make savings of the equivalent of SEK 15 million / year and reduced energy use equivalent to 280 cubic meter diesel. At national level, this corresponds to an energy efficiency potential of 0.12 percent. The third part of the project was about policy and regulation. Can we use the current legislation, or do we need new legislation to scale the use of geofencing across bridges? How can we ensure compliance? How can we share data? How can we handle EU trade barriers? In the report, we have suggestions for policy and legislation to implement the geofencing technology to protect sensitive bridges. Our analysis shows that it is possible with today's regulations for an authority to introduce regulations on geofences. Such rules should preferably be based on functional requirements and a system of self-monitoring.
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| 7. |
- Carcuac, Olivier, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Modified-free gingival graft technique for treatment of gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors: A randomized clinical trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 94:6, s. 722-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and patient-reported outcomes following surgical root coverage at RT1 gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors, using either a conventional free gingival graft (FGG) or a modified FGG (ModFGG). MethodsTotal of 30 patients with RT1 gingival recessions at mandibular incisors were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a control (FGG) or test group (ModFGG). Evaluations of clinical changes (recession depth, height of keratinized tissue) and patient satisfaction were performed over a follow-up period of 12 months. Post-surgical changes of keratinized tissue height (shrinkage) were assessed from 1 month and onward. ResultsModFGG resulted in more pronounced root coverage at 1 year compared to FGG (91.8% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.001). Height of keratinized tissue was improved by 4.2 and 2.2 mm (p < 0.001), respectively, with significantly less shrinkage in ModFGG. Post-surgical morbidity was significantly lower for ModFGG at 2 weeks and patient satisfaction was significantly higher 12 months after treatment (9.1 vs. 5.4; p < 0.001). ConclusionsModFGG represents a valid approach for the management of RT1 recession defects at mandibular incisors. The technique is superior to traditional FGG in terms of root coverage, the gain of keratinized tissue height, and patient satisfaction.
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| 8. |
- Davidsson, Sabina, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer is not associated with COVID-2019 infection
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Alan R. Liss Inc.. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 83:6, s. 555-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Androgens may play a role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and host responses as the virus is dependent on the androgen-regulated protein transmembrane serine protease 2 for cell entry. Studies have indicated that prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and serious complications compared with patients without ADT, but data are inconsistent.METHODS: A total of 655 prostate cancer patients who were under surveillance at two urology departments in Sweden on April 1, 2020 were included in the study as well as 240 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). At follow-up early in 2021, the participants completed a questionnaire containing information about symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Blood samples were also collected for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (SARS-CoV-2 Total; Siemens). We used multivariable logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ADT and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 13.4% among patients receiving ADT and 10.4% among patients without ADT. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed no differences in symptoms or risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection between patients with and without ADT (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.52-1.85). Higher body mass index, Type 1 diabetes, and prostate cancer severity, defined by high Gleason score (8-10; OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.04-4.09) or elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (>20 µg/l; OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.13-4.07) were associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was not higher among men with prostate cancer than among men with BPH.CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that ADT use in prostate cancer patients reduces the risk or symptom severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection or that prostate cancer patients are at increased risk of COVID-19 compared with men without prostate cancer.
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| 9. |
- Derks, Jan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A systematic review of outcome measures used in clinical studies in the last 10 years
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 50:Suppl 25, s. 55-66
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analysis in clinical studies on the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Methods Systematic electronic searches (CENTRAL/MEDLINE/SCOPUS) up to April 2021 were conducted to identify longitudinal clinical studies with >= 10 patients on either the prevention or management of peri-implant diseases. Outcome measures of this analysis were the choice of outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analytical methods. Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Data were extracted into evidence tables and outcomes were analysed in a descriptive manner. Results The analysis of the 159 selected studies revealed that probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP) were reported in 89% and 87% of all studies, respectively. Additional outcome measures included plaque scores (reported in 64% of studies), radiographic outcomes (49%), soft tissue dimensions (34%), and composite outcomes (26%). Adverse events (8%) and patient-reported outcomes (6%) were only rarely mentioned. A primary outcome measure was clearly defined only in 36% of studies. Data on PPD, radiographic outcomes, and soft tissue dimensions were primarily reported as mean values and rarely as frequency distributions. For radiographic outcomes and soft tissue dimensions, it was frequently unclear how clustered data were handled. Conclusions PPD and BOP were routinely reported in studies on the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, while composite outcomes, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes were only infrequently described.
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| 10. |
- Derks, Jan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A systematic review of outcome measures used in clinical studies in the last 10 years
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 34:Suppl. 25, s. 55-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analysis in clinical studies on the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Methods Systematic electronic searches (CENTRAL/MEDLINE/SCOPUS) up to April 2021 were conducted to identify longitudinal clinical studies with >= 10 patients on either the prevention or management of peri-implant diseases. Outcome measures of this analysis were the choice of outcome measures, methods of assessment, and analytical methods. Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design. Data were extracted into evidence tables and outcomes were analysed in a descriptive manner. Results The analysis of the 159 selected studies revealed that probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP) were reported in 89% and 87% of all studies, respectively. Additional outcome measures included plaque scores (reported in 64% of studies), radiographic outcomes (49%), soft tissue dimensions (34%), and composite outcomes (26%). Adverse events (8%) and patient-reported outcomes (6%) were only rarely mentioned. A primary outcome measure was clearly defined only in 36% of studies. Data on PPD, radiographic outcomes, and soft tissue dimensions were primarily reported as mean values and rarely as frequency distributions. For radiographic outcomes and soft tissue dimensions, it was frequently unclear how clustered data were handled. Conclusions PPD and BOP were routinely reported in studies on the prevention and management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, while composite outcomes, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes were only infrequently described.
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