| 1. |
- Klingberg, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Effektiv minskning av vattenanvändning i hushåll
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effective decrease of water use in households This is the final report of a preparatory project which has aimed to identify and characterize methods which can be used to achieve a reduced usage of water for households in Sweden. This is so that the methods that give the most effect can be implemented. The project has also aimed to produce conditions for an implementation project so that methods can be tested and evaluated in a practical manner. The project’s long term goal is to create a system transfer and to reduce the water usage in Swedish households from 140 to 100 liters per person and per day. Getting individuals to change their behavior and reduce their water use is complex as several factors affect their water use today and the conditions for reducing water use. Several studies have reported differences between households with the highest and lowest consumption of water by a factor of four. The individual differences in water use per person can be equally as large. The variations in water use can be explained by several factors, such as the size of household, type of residence and the efficiency of the appliances. Besides these factors, there are also large variations in water related behaviors such as routines for showering and doing dishes. To identify methods with potential to make water use for households in Sweden more efficient, an oversight of projects, initiatives and previous research have been carried out with focus towards: • Decreased water usage on a national level • Decreased water usage on an international level • Decreased energy and water consumption through behavior change • Changes in behavior for citizens with regards to a sustainable usage of resources This analysis has landed in four methods to affect the households water use, which are: • Policy and legislation • Financial incentives • Communication • Technical solutions There is limited experience regarding the water saving potential that the different methods, and combinations of them, have in Sweden. The study shows that the method which is mainly used in Sweden is different forms of communication, even though communication seemingly has a limited effect. International studies show that water saving measures, such as water effective techniques and requirements for measuring water consumption, lead to a good outcome. For future studies we suggest that communication is combined with other methods and that more innovative methods are tested in situations that are as close to realistic situations as possible. This is important to understand what the effects will be in practice, and what the consequences will be for other important implementation parameters such as for example cost of implementation and environmental sustainability. We also see an obstacle in the lack of data that show the water use in households. In this project we have created conditions to test and evaluate solutions by using a digital water gauge with a high level of collection frequency. The water gauge is installed in a chosen villa area in the municipality of Kungsbacka.
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| 2. |
- Månsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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BETCRETE 2.0 - Tillståndsprocesser : En nulägesbeskrivning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar författarnas arbete med att undersöka förbättringsmöjligheter hos dagens tillståndsprocesser, ett arbete som bedrivits under perioden januari 2021 till juli 2022. Arbetet har finansierats av VINNOVA UDI 2 - BETCRETE 2.0 och RISE kompetensmedel. I det inledande avsnittet “De fossilfria färdplanerna” beskrivs tillståndsprocessers betydelse för att uppnå målen med de fossilfria färdplanerna, branschernas åsikter om hur tillståndsprocesser fungerar idag och de förhoppningar som gäller förändringar av tillståndsprocesser, för att gå i mål med färdplanerna. Avsnittet "Tillämplig lagstiftning för brytande verksamhet" handlar framför allt om den lagstiftning som ligger till grund för tillståndsprövningar av täkter och liknande verksamhet. I detta avsnitt gås bland annat prövningsprocessens olika steg igenom. Avsnittet "Statistik kring miljötillståndsprövningen" sammanfattar framförallt delar av Naturvårdsverkets rapport från 2022-05-13, "Uppdrag att samla in och analysera statistik för miljötillståndsprövningen för år 2021". Under rubriken "Relevanta aktuella utredningar och deras förslag" redovisas en genomgång av utredningar som väsentligen handlar om förändringar av lagstiftningen rörande tillståndsprocesser. De olika utredningarna ger en inblick i tankar kring och ambitioner med förändringar av lagstiftningen. Utredningar som beskrivs är Klimaträttsutredningen som handlar om hur förutsättningar för att Sveriges klimatmål ska kunna nås skapas, Miljöprövningsutredningen som handlar om att uppnå en modernare och mer effektiv miljöprövning, samt Utredning om hållbar försörjning av innovationskritiska metaller och mineral som handlar om ökad försörjningsberedskap för varor och tjänster. Utöver aktuella utredningar som handlar om eller berör tillståndsprocesser beskrivs också ett antal regeringsuppdrag som är relevanta för tillståndsprocesserna: Ökad försörjningsberedskap för varor och tjänster från industrin handlar om det uppdrag om ökad försörjningsberedskap regeringen gett till en särskild utredare, och i Regleringsbrev för budgetåret 2022 avseende länsstyrelserna ger regeringen bland annat uppdrag till länsstyrelserna som rör miljö-tillståndsprövningen. Slutligen sammanfattas rapporten Naturvårdsverkets rapport 7002 Miljöbedömningar. Under rubriken Aktuella fall beskrivs ett aktuellt miljöprövningsärende som gäller LKAB och ett potentiellt fall som handlar om Kalcinerade leror. Rapporten avslutas med avsnittet Digitala verktyg, som handlar om vad digitalisering och AI-metoder kan bidra med till olika förbättringar av tillståndsprocesserna.
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| 3. |
- Månsson, Anna
(författare)
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Becoming Muslim: Meanings of Conversion to Islam
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Becoming Muslim: Meanings of Conversion to Islam" is an ethnographic study analyzing the identity-making of female Muslim converts. It is based on eighteen in-depth interviews with six women in Sweden and three women in the U.S. The process of becoming Muslim is explored by looking at the conversion narrative, the cognitive organization of a Muslim identity, and encounters with the surrounding world. By focusing on the self-making in the light of acquiring and understanding new religious and cultural ideas, the study demonstrates the intricate interplay between public and mental representation and how each woman incorporates Islam into her personal identity. Proceeding from the women’s life stories and recent work in cognitive anthropology, and psychological anthropology in general, I show how the women, despite a profound break in worldview, nevertheless experience continuity between a "before" and an "after." Rather than a sudden one-time change, the material points to the conversion as a continuous process of integrating a break in worldview with a coherent self-presentation. This continuity is preserved partly through pre-existing cognitive models that remain salient throughout the conversion process. I analyze how the converts organize their Muslim identities and appropriate the religious system through cognitive models such as "the model of solidarity," "the model of gender equality and women’s right," and "the model of spiritual connection and understanding." Thus, the thesis emphasizes the importance of previously internalized ideas in the women’s understanding of Islam. Also, the tension between the women’s own self-image and socially assigned categories is analyzed. In encounters with family, parents, friends, Muslims, converts, and unknown people, the women engage diverse labels and discourses on how a Muslim, Swedish, and American woman is supposed to be and act, which triggers different strategies as well as shifting self-representations. Embracing a Muslim identity brings forth negotiation of alternative versions of "Swedishness," "Americanness," and "femaleness." The material shows how the women engage, try out, and sometimes integrate seemingly irreconcilable representations and how they identify themselves as being both Swedish and Muslim or American and Muslim. It reflects a dynamic psychocultural process, which brings forth not only reproduction of, but also changes in, cultural and religious forms. The conversion to Islam and the women’s transcultural identities reflect both a transformation of self and larger cultural and social transformations.
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