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- Johnsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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The human-computer interface in commercial systems : Investigations of dialogue design factors and usability with alphanumeric display terminals
- 1981
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When terminal based computer systems are incorporated in administrative processes, man-computer interface technology for many reasons becomes a crucial problem area. Terminal users ("terminalists") in such systems account for a vast number of terminal hours. These people are not computer specialists and they have steadily increasing demands on working conditions and salaries. Little is known about especially psychological man-machine matching. A wide systems view including qualities of both man and machine is needed to create usable, acceptable and efficient systems.The present project included field investigations and controlled experimentation. The former activities gave information on practical systems, such as their characteristics and experienced problems related to man-computer cooperation. The latter activities gave concrete, new knowledge on a number of design properties of man-computer dialogues, related to different criteria. Information on the experimental method as such and on certain man-computer dialogue related characteristics of controlled variables were also obtained. A special result is that the design of the man-computer dialogue seems to be at least as important for terminalist performance and satisfaction as the design of the physical work environment.Results are expected to be general enough to be practically useful when designing administrative systems. They can vitalize criterion discussions.Controlled experimentation, suitably adapted, is claimed to be a valuable technique in the discusssed problem environment
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- T. Tegler, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic binder molecules that discriminate between isoforms of human Carbonic Anhydrase in blood.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From a 16-membered set of 42 residue polypeptide conjugates designed to bind human Carbonic Anhydrases (HCA), two binder candidates 4-C37L34-B och 3-C15L8-B were shown to bind the isoform HCAII with high affinity in a fluorescence based screening assay. To determine their specificity for Carbonic Anhydrases the binders were immobilized on polystyrene beads and submerged in lysed blood, washed three times, cleaved from the beads, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and shown to specifically extract Carbonic Anhydrases from the complex biological mixture. Two Carbonic Anhydrase isoforms with 60% homology exist in human blood with HCAI being present in 5-7 fold excess over HCAII and the ability of the binder molecules to discriminate between HCAI and HCAII was investigated. Due to the high degree of homology HCAI and HCAII could not be separated by electrophoresis and the instead affinities were determined by SPR biosensor analysis. The polypeptide conjugate 4-C37L34-B bound HCAII with a KD of 12 nM whereas it was 90 nM for the binding of HCAI, a ratio of 7.5. The corresponding dissociation constants for the complexes formed from 3-C15L8-B and the two Carbonic Anhydrases were X and Y. This demonstration of selectivity between two very similar proteins is conspicuous in view of the fact that the molecular weight of each one of the binder molecules is little more than 5000, the fold is unordered and the polypeptide sequences are designed from scratch and have no prior relationship to Carbonic Anhydrases. The results suggest that synthetic polypeptide conjugates can be prepared with properties that make them attractive alternatives to biologically generated binders in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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