| 1. |
- Mucha, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Fine root classification matters : nutrient levels in different functional categories, orders and diameters of roots in boreal Pinus sylvestris across a latitudinal gradient
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 447:1-2, s. 507-520
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fine roots and their symbionts are the key drivers of processes such as nutrient cycling and belowground productivity. Their function depends on position in a branching hierarchy, with absorptive roots (responsible for resource acquisition), and transport roots. Aim: We examined how the different diameter cutoffs for root classification mirror concentrations of 11 different nutrients, plus Al in functionally different fine roots of Pinus sylvestris based on anatomical/ functional categorization and in relation to their biomass along a latitudinal gradient. Results: The C:N:P ratios for pooled roots ≤2 mm in diameter reflected the nutrient concentrations of transport roots. In contrast, the C:N:P ratios for all absorptive roots was best reflected by nutrient ratios in the 1st root order, and not by those in root <2 mm. These patterns were more clear along decreasing mean annual temperature, despite increasing contribution of absorptive roots in the fine root biomass. Higher biomass fraction of transport roots did not always mirror higher concentration of element accumulated. Narrowing the root diameter cutoffs to 0.5 mm provided more informative data about nutrient concentrations in the absorptive root pool than <2 mm cut-off. Conclusions: By analyzing nutrient concentration using ≤2 mm cut-off it is impossible to properly understand nutritional properties of roots with different functional attributes. Given that the diameter of fine root orders vary considerably even within a single species between stands, the diameter cutoffs for absorptive roots should be based on the characteristics of the studied species, and not on a fixed, universal diameter cutoff.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nihlgård, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Mineral composition of drinking water and daily uptake
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 25-32, s. 25-32
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Conductivity gives a rough idea of the amount of dissolved ions in water (mS/m) or (µS/cm). Distilled water is <1 µS/cm, Reverse Osmosis treated 1-10 µS/cm, water from some sorts of sandstone or from granite (soft water) 5-15 µS/cm, and water from limestone (hard water) 20-200 µS/cm. Thus, the variation of the contribution of minerals from drinking water is large. A Swedish study on well waters, bottled waters and municipal waters showed the following contributions to the daily intake (2 L consumption): Ca 0-72%, Mg 0-69%, Na 0-65%, Cu 0-250%, Fe 0-46%, without considering that minerals in water generally are more readily absorbed in the intestines than minerals from food. Some springs and bottled waters with elevated concentrations of especially Ca, Mg and HCO3 may be regarded medical waters and used by people suffering from acidosis and subsequent diseases.
|
|
| 3. |
- Oleksyn, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
-
A fingerprint of climate change across pine forests of Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 23:12, s. 1739-1746
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has likely altered high-latitude forests globally, but direct evidence remains rare. Here we show that throughout a ≈1000-km transect in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in Sweden, mature trees in ≈2015 had longer needles with shorter lifetimes than did trees in ≈1915. These century-scale shifts in needle traits were detected by sampling needles at 74 sites from 2012 to 2017 along the same transect where needle traits had been assessed at 57 sites in 1914–1915. Climate warming of ≈1 °C all along the transect in the past century has driven this temporal shift in foliage traits known to be physiologically critical to growth and carbon cycling processes. These century-scale changes in Scandinavian Scots pine forests represent a fingerprint of climate change on a fundamental biological element, the leaf, with repercussions for productivity and sensitivity to future climate, which are likely to be mirrored by similar changes for evergreen conifers across the boreal biome.
|
|
| 4. |
- Belyazid, Salim, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the Effects of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Soil Properties and Plant Diversity in Northeastern US Hardwood Forests : Model Setup and Evaluation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 230:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integrated forest ecosystem model ForSAFE-Veg was used to simulate soil processes and understory vegetation composition at threesugar maple, beech, yellow birchhardwood forest sites in the Northeastern United States (one at Hubbard Brook, NH, and two at Bear Brook, ME). Input data were pooled from a variety of sources and proved coherent and consistent. While the biogeochemical component ForSAFE was used with limited calibration, the ground vegetation composition module Veg was calibrated to field releves. Evaluating different simulated ecosystem indicators (soil solution chemistry, tree biomass, ground vegetation composition) showed that the model performed comparably well regardless of the site's soil condition, climate, and amounts of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition, with the exception of failing to capture tree biomass decline at Hubbard Brook. The model performed better when compared with annual observation than monthly data. The results support the assumption that the biogeochemical model ForSAFE can be used with limited calibration and provide reasonable confidence, while the vegetation community composition module Veg requires calibration if the individual plant species are of interest. The study welcomes recent advances in empirically explaining the responses of hardwood forests to nutrient imbalances and points to the need for more research.
|
|
| 5. |
- Persson, Christel, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Människa och miljö : med praktisk vägledning för projekt
- 2019
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt behandlar nyckelfrågorna inom hållbar utveckling och miljöstrategi. Boken ger läsaren både en förståelse för och en uppdatering av forskningsläget inom ämnen som global uppvärmning, resursfördelning, energiförsörjning, hållbar produktion och konsumtion samt hållbara lösningar. Kopplat till varje kapitel finns avsnitt som ger vägledning i att söka och kritiskt granska information. I en fördjupande del av boken ges läsaren ytterligare kunskap om informationssökning, källkritik och enklare referenshantering. Detta gör boken till ett utmärkt verktyg för rapportskrivning och genomförande av projektarbeten inom miljöområdet på olika nivåer.Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt vänder sig till dig som studerar på utbildningar inom miljö- och landskapsvetenskap, skogs- och lantbruksvetenskap, ekonomi och samhällsplanering. Den riktar sig även till dig som arbetar praktiskt med klimat- och miljöfrågor samt Agenda 2030 inom företag, kommuner och myndigheter.Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt utgör en starkt reviderad utgåva av Klimat och miljöstrategi i ett samlat perspektiv från 2010.
|
|
| 6. |
- Persson, Christel, et al.
(författare)
-
Människa och miljö : med praktisk vägledning för projekt
- 2019
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt behandlar nyckelfrågorna inom hållbar utveckling och miljöstrategi. Boken ger läsaren både en förståelse för och en uppdatering av forskningsläget inom ämnen som global uppvärmning, resursfördelning, energiförsörjning, hållbar produktion och konsumtion samt hållbara lösningar. Kopplat till varje kapitel finns avsnitt som ger vägledning i att söka och kritiskt granska information. I en fördjupande del av boken ges läsaren ytterligare kunskap om informationssökning, källkritik och enklare referenshantering. Detta gör boken till ett utmärkt verktyg för rapportskrivning och genomförande av projektarbeten inom miljöområdet på olika nivåer. Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt vänder sig till dig som studerar på utbildningar inom miljö- och landskapsvetenskap, skogs- och lantbruksvetenskap, ekonomi och samhällsplanering. Den riktar sig även till dig som arbetar praktiskt med klimat- och miljöfrågor samt Agenda 2030 inom företag, kommuner och myndigheter. Människa och miljö – med praktisk vägledning för projekt utgör en starkt reviderad utgåva av Klimat och miljöstrategi i ett samlat perspektiv från 2010.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jankowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
-
Cold adaptation drives variability in needle structure and anatomy in Pinus sylvestris L. along a 1,900 km temperate-boreal transect
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 31:12, s. 2212-2223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupancy of cold habitats by evergreen species requires structural modification of photosynthetic organs for stress resistance and longevity. Such modifications have been described at interspecific level, while intraspecific variation has been underexplored. To identify structural and anatomical traits that may be adaptive in cold environments, we studied intraspecific variability of needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a wide-ranging tree, along a 1,900 km temperate-boreal transect in Europe. Needles from 20 sites representing mean minimum winter temperatures between -4.0 and -19.9°C and mean annual temperatures between 8.3 and -1.7°C were sampled for measurements of leaf mass per area (LMA, g/m2), leaf density (LD, g/cm3) and 30 other morpho-anatomical traits. Needles from cold sites lived longer, were shorter, showed higher LMA and LD, had narrower and more collapse-resistant tracheids, thicker epidermal cells with thicker cell walls and wider resin ducts occupying larger fraction of needle volume in comparison to needles from warmer sites. Along the steep climatic gradient, needles presented a coordinated phenotypic spectrum of external and internal traits that are largely interpretable in functional, adaptive terms. This intraspecific pattern of covarying traits provides insight into the adaptive syndrome associated with stress tolerance and extended needle longevity under cold conditions of high latitudes. A plain language summary is available for this article.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Folke, et al.
(författare)
-
Linnebjer — A South Swedish Oak Forest and Meadow Area — Revisited after Half a Century
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Open Journal of Ecology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-1985 .- 2162-1993. ; 6:2, s. 74-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An oak forest and three wet meadows/fens were reinvestigated after 50 years concerning tree vitality, biomass and productivity, and soil chemistry. Sulphur and nitrogen deposition has changed dramatically during these years, and the aim was to analyse the differences in both the oak forest and the open field ecosystems. Trees were re-measured and soil profiles were resampled. Important visible changes in the oak forest were stated concerning the vitality of oaks. Aboveground there was a decrease in tree biomass, production and litter fall, but a huge increase in standing dead logs. During the years, the deposition of sulphur had decreased drastically, but nitrogen deposition was still high. Soil acidification in the forest had decreased, reflected in an increased base saturation in the forest, in spite of slightly lowered pH-values. Strongly increased amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg now appeared in the forest soil, and a substantial transport of calcium and magnesium had obviously taken place from the forest soil to the meadow and fens during the years. However, the most important soil change was the accumulation of organic matter. The increased accumulation of organic matter in turn meant increased amounts of colloid particles and microsites for ion exchange in the soil. This favoured 2-valence base cations, and especially Ca and Mg that increased very much in all the studied ecosystems. Carbon as well as nitrogen had strongly increased in the forest, meadow and fen soils. This was interpreted as a natural result of increased vegetation growth due to high nitrogen deposition, increased global annual temperature and increased carbon dioxide concentration in air. It was concluded that the decreased deposition of sulphur had had a positive effect on soil chemistry, and that the deposition of nitrogen probably had stimulated vegetation growth in general, and contributed to increased amount of organic matter in the soils. However, in this studied oak forest, the decreased vitality and many killed trees were also suspected to be a result of high nitrogen deposition. Obviously increased tree growth was counteracted by decreased stress resistance, and increased appearance of pathogens in the oak trees.
|
|
| 9. |
- Probst, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Plant Responses to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in France Using Integrated Soil-Vegetation Models
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Critical Loads and Dynamic Risk Assessments : Nitrogen, Acidity and Metals in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems - Nitrogen, Acidity and Metals in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 1566-0745. - 9789401795074 - 9789401795081 ; 25, s. 359-379
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of plant responses to nitrogen (N) deposition by using two dynamic biogeochemical models coupled with a vegetation module: VSD+-VEG and ForSAFE-VEG. The biogeochemical models were first validated on some French forest sites from the ICP-Forests network. A French vegetation table (which is now part of a European database) containing 230 species with their appropriate ecological environmental parameters, was set up. The outputs of each model in terms of plant response to atmospheric nitrogen deposition were compared to measured values for one forest stand. The two models underestimated the occurrence of certain herbs and grasses and overestimated (ForSAFE-VEG) or underestimated (VSD+-VEG) the presence of certain mosses. This allowed us to improve the validation and thus the calibration of some parameters. For the simulated period ForSAFE-VEG indicated some variations in the occurrence of the plant groups, the mosses group showing the highest increase and indicating a high sensitivity to atmospheric N deposition. No significant changes in the occurrence percentage of plant groups were observed by running the VSD+-VEG model, this model being less sensitive than ForSAFE-VEG to simulate tenuous vegetation changes. The observed changes over time in the dominant ground plant groups using ForSAFE-VEG could be related to changes in site environmental conditions, but only the influence of the maximum N deposition was obvious. Further investigations are needed to compare the performance of the two models on other sites, but these tests of the ForSAFE-VEG and VSD+-VEG models showed promise for simulating the link between N deposition and vegetation diversity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rosborg, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
-
Mineral composition of drinking water and daily uptake
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance: Importance, Health Significance, Safety Precautions. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319095936 - 9783319095929 ; , s. 25-31
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Conductivity in mS/m or S/cm gives a rough idea of the amount of dissolved ions in water. Distilled water and reverse osmosis–treated water have extremely low conductivity, while the conductivity of water from sandstone is higher and that of water from limestone (hard water) even higher. Thus, the variation of the contribution of minerals from drinking water is large. A Swedish study on well waters, bottled waters, and municipal waters showed that the contribution to the daily intake of minerals from water varied from zero to well over 100 %.
|
|
