| 1. |
- Lidar, Malena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rädda antibiotikan med kunskap och handling. : Lektionsmaterial för gymnasiet.
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Antibiotikaresistens är ett folkhälsoproblem och en ökad resistensutveckling kan få stora konsekvenser för både individen och samhället, på lokal och global nivå. För att möta den komplexa problematik som vår användning av antibiotika medför behöver elever inte bara lära sig faktakunskaper, de behöver också utveckla handlingskompetens som innefattar bland annat att människor upplever att de har möjligheter att agera utifrån kunskaper, kritiskt tänkande och värderingar. I ett forskningsprojekt har didaktikforskare vid Uppsala universitet tillsammans med biologilärare på högstadiet och gymnasiet tagit fram ett undervisningsmaterial om antibiotikaresistens.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Lidar, Malena, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching antimicrobial resistance : Educating young people to be change agents
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Managing Antimicrobial Resistance through Behavior Change.
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We want our children to have the benefit of growing up in a world where it is possible to cure common diseases, such as pneumonia or meningitis, successfully treat complex diseases such as cancer and to do surgery without imminent risk of incurable infection. Therefore, we need our children – the next generation of citizens – to feel competent, able and willing to contribute to the work of preserving the power of antibiotics as effective medicine for bacterial infections in humans and animals. If we are to give children the competence they need to take action to preserve antibiotics, it is not enough to teach them the medical or epidemiological facts; they also need to learn values and priorities associated with the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as well as to transform their knowledge and values into practical actions. Aim of the workshopIn this workshop, we want to bring together a group of educators, curriculum experts, policymakers and health experts to discuss the role schools can play in giving young people the competence they need to act responsibly and preventively as well as to, when antibiotics are necessary, use them wisely. In addressing the multi-sectorial nature of AMR, there is a need for teaching that helps students pay attention to, and see connections between, the many concurrent perspectives of relevance: medical, ecological, technical, ethical, social and economic perspectives. With this in mind, we would like the workshop to address, in particular, what education should include if it is to produce students who can act competently in relation to AMR issues, and how this competence is best taught in the context of a formal education system. The workshop discussion will be guided by the following questions:· What does teaching need to address, including both facts and values, to educate students and ensure their competence and willingness to act in relation to AMR issues?· How can we work to enable teachers to feel confident about teaching issues of high complexity, including multiple perspectives and, at times, conflicting interests and needs? · How is it possible to teach about a topic that may have very severe consequences without students becoming scared or disillusioned about the future?· How do we work to accumulate, sustain and disseminate experiences of and build a knowledge base around teaching about AMR?
|
|
| 4. |
- Holmkvist, Alexander Dontsios, et al.
(författare)
-
Local delivery of minocycline-loaded PLGA nanoparticles from gelatin-coated neural implants attenuates acute brain tissue responses in mice
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nanobiotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-3155. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neural interfaces often elicit inflammatory responses and neuronal loss in the surrounding tissue which adversely affect the function and longevity of the implanted device. Minocycline, an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutics with neuroprotective properties, may be used for reducing the acute brain tissue responses after implantation. However, conventional administration routes require high doses which can cause adverse systemic side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new drug-delivery-system for local and sustained administration of minocycline in the brain. Methods: Stainless steel needles insulated with Parylene-C were dip-coated with non-crosslinked gelatin and minocycline-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MC-NPs) were incorporated into the gelatin-coatings by an absorption method and subsequently trapped by drying the gelatin. Parylene-C insulated needles coated only with gelatin were used as controls. The expression of markers for activated microglia (CD68), all microglia (CX3CR1-GFP), reactive astrocytes (GFAP), neurons (NeuN) and all cell nuclei (DAPI) surrounding the implantation sites were quantified at 3 and 7 days after implantation in mice. Results: MC-NPs were successfully incorporated into gelatin-coatings of neural implants by an absorption method suitable for thermosensitive drug-loads. Immunohistochemical analysis of the in vivo brain tissue responses, showed that MC-NPs significantly attenuate the activation of microglial cells without effecting the overall population of microglial cells around the implantation sites. A delayed but significant reduction of the astrocytic response was also found in comparison to control implants. No effect on neurons or total cell count was found which may suggest that the MC-NPs are non-toxic to the central nervous system. Conclusions: A novel drug-nanoparticle-delivery-system was developed for neural interfaces and thermosensitive drug-loads. The local delivery of MC-NPs was shown to attenuate the acute brain tissue responses nearby an implant and therefore may be useful for improving biocompatibility of implanted neuro-electronic interfaces. The developed drug-delivery-system may potentially also be used for other pharmaceutics to provide highly localized and therefore more specific effects as compared to systemic administration.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Elevimpulser och lärarresponser : Betydelsen av lärares återkoppling för undervisningens diskurs och elevernas meningsskapande i undervisning om sociovetenskapliga dilemma
- 2018
-
Ingår i: NorDiNa. - : University of Oslo Library. - 1504-4556 .- 1894-1257. ; 14:3, s. 285-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today teachers face an increased challenge in listening to classroom discourses and students’ areas ofinterest to let these coincides with the overall teaching purpose by feedback. Present study explorehow classroom communication can be modeled to allow this. The socio-scientific-issues raised wereat the same time aimed at creating relevance in the students’ social life as giving a respond to thecurriculum. The data consisted of recordings from science lessons in grade 7 and 8 in Sweden. To makevisible the tension that occurred between different discourses and displacement of power in theconversations, practical epistemological analysis has been made. This resulted in a categorization offive different ways the teacher is taking care of and reconnects the students’ impulses in relation tothe overall purpose. Consequently, this study is offering opportunities for teachers to, in a consciouslymanner, reflect on different strategies for discourse feedback in teaching.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gällentoft, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of degradable nanowires on long-term brain tissue responses
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nanobiotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-3155. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A promising approach to improve the performance of neural implants consists of adding nanomaterials, such as nanowires, to the surface of the implant. Nanostructured interfaces could improve the integration and communication stability, partly through the reduction of the cell-to-electrode distance. However, the safety issues of implanted nanowires in the brain need to be evaluated and understood before nanowires can be used on the surface of implants for long periods of time. To this end we here investigate whether implanted degradable nanowires offer any advantage over non-degradable nanowires in a long-term in vivo study (1 year) with respect to brain tissue responses. Results: The tissue response after injection of degradable silicon oxide (SiOx)-coated gallium phosphide nanowires and biostable hafnium oxide-coated GaP nanowires into the rat striatum was compared. One year after nanowire injection, no significant difference in microglial or astrocytic response, as measured by staining for ED1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively, or in neuronal density, as measured by staining for NeuN, was found between degradable and biostable nanowires. Of the cells investigated, only microglia cells had engulfed the nanowires. The SiOx-coated nanowire residues were primarily seen in aggregated hypertrophic ED1-positive cells, possibly microglial cells that have fused to create multinucleated giant cells. Occasionally, degradable nanowires with an apparently intact shape were found inside single, small ED1-positive cells. The biostable nanowires were found intact in microglia cells of both phenotypes described. Conclusion: The present study shows that the degradable nanowires remain at least partly in the brain over long time periods, i.e. 1 year; however, no obvious bio-safety issues for this degradable nanomaterial could be detected.
|
|
| 8. |
- Salgaonkar, Neeta A., et al.
(författare)
-
Use of N,N-diacetylchitobiose in decreasing toxic effects of indoor air pollution by preventing oxidative DNA damage
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Biologia. - Bratislava : Springer. - 0006-3088 .- 1336-9563. ; 71:5, s. 505-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor air pollution occurs due to hazardous pollutants, such as tobacco smoke, pesticides and carbon oxides, sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides arising from combustion of biomass fuels. Exposure to these pollutants results in respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections. Several of these infections are a result of inflammation and oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate the ability of N,N-diacetylchitobiose in preventing oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to biomass smoke extracts and cigarette smoke extract. The cytotoxic effect of these pollutants was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where cytotoxicity in decreasing order was garette > wood > sawdust > cowdung. Cytotoxicity could be due to single- and double-strand breaks in the DNA as a result of oxidative stress. Comet assay measures the extent of DNA damage in the cells exposed to toxic agents. When mononuclear cells were treated with N,N-diacetylchitobiose and later exposed to smoke extracts, the extent of DNA damage decreased by 44.5% and 57.5% as compared to untreated cells. The protection offered by N,N-diacetylchitobiose towards oxidative DNA damage was at par with quercetin, a popular herbal medicine. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was determined in mononuclear cells exposed to smoke extracts, where oxidative stress in cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract was maximum. The present study demonstrates for the first time the ability of N,N -diacetylchitobiose to alleviate the harmful effects of indoor air pollutants.
|
|
| 9. |
- Gällentoft, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Size-dependent long-term tissue response to biostable nanowires in the brain.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5905 .- 0142-9612. ; 42, s. 172-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanostructured neural interfaces, comprising nanotubes or nanowires, have the potential to overcome the present hurdles of achieving stable communication with neuronal networks for long periods of time. This would have a strong impact on brain research. However, little information is available on the brain response to implanted high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles, which share morphological similarities with asbestos fibres. Here, we investigated the glial response and neuronal loss in the rat brain after implantation of biostable and structurally controlled nanowires of different lengths for a period up to one year post-surgery. Our results show that, as for lung and abdominal tissue, the brain is subject to a sustained, local inflammation when biostable and high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles of 5 μm or longer are present in the brain tissue. In addition, a significant loss of neurons was observed adjacent to the 10 μm nanowires after one year. Notably, the inflammatory response was restricted to a narrow zone around the nanowires and did not escalate between 12 weeks and one year. Furthermore, 2 μm nanowires did not cause significant inflammatory response nor significant loss of neurons nearby. The present results provide key information for the design of future neural implants based on nanomaterials.
|
|
| 10. |
- Köhler, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of probe flexibility and gelatin embedding on neuronal density and glial responses to brain implants.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop long-term high quality communication between brain and computer, a key issue is how to reduce the adverse foreign body responses. Here, the impact of probe flexibility and gelatine embedding on long-term (6w) tissue responses, was analyzed. Probes of same polymer material, size and shape, flexible mainly in one direction, were implanted in rat cerebral cortex (nimplants = 3 x 8) in two orientations with respect to the major movement direction of the brain relative to the skull: parallel to (flex mode) or transverse to (rigid mode). Flex mode implants were either embedded in gelatin or non-embedded. Neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes were visualized using immunohistochemistry. The astrocytic reactivity, but not microglial response, was significantly lower to probes implanted in flex mode as compared to rigid mode. The microglial response, but not astrocytic reactivity, was significantly smaller to gelatin embedded probes (flex mode) than non-embedded. Interestingly, the neuronal density was preserved in the inner zone surrounding gelatin embedded probes. This contrasts to the common reports of reduced neuronal density close to implanted probes. In conclusion, sheer stress appears to be an important factor for astrocytic reactivity to implanted probes. Moreover, gelatin embedding can improve the neuronal density and reduce the microglial response close to the probe.
|
|
