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- Westerstrand, Jenny, 1969-
(författare)
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Mellan mäns händer : Kvinnors rättssubjektivitet, internationell rätt och diskurser om prostitution och trafficking
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study has a three folded focus, framed by one over all aim; to critically discuss and evaluate the constructions of women’s legal subjectivity in dominant feminist discourses on prostitution and trafficking. First, I set out to develop a gender theoretical understanding of prostitution. I relate prostitution to a context of reproduction and gender, where the separation between women’s sexuality and reproduction is understood as operating as creating a split femininity, and likewise to construct a unified masculinity. Secondly, I examine the discursive orders on prostitution and trafficking. I examine the frameworks of thought on prostitution and trafficking as they have been formulated in an international debate (on international law) during the last decades. Thirdly, focusing on the discourse that seeks to normalise prostitution as sex work, I examine how the creation of women's legal personhood with in this discourse takes place through an oscilliation between discursive orders on prostitution and trafficking, emphasizing some times different and conflicting ways of promoting women’s rights. One crucial question is how understandings of prostitution, when transposed to a context of trafficking, are expressed through a "judicial reasoning", and how these expressions might shed light upon the construction of women’s legal standing. The aim of the dissertation is to contribute to a comprehensive feminist theoretical understanding of the relation between, on the one hand, different positions on prostitution and trafficking within international law, and the discourses disputing its substance on the other.
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| 3. |
- Johnsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of nursing students' work technique after proficiency training in patient transfer methods during undergraduate education
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 26:4, s. 322-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate if nursing students improved their work technique when assisting a simulated patient from bed to wheelchair after proficiency training, and to investigate whether there was a correlation between the nursing students' work technique and the simulated patients' perceptions of the transfer. METHOD: 71 students participated in the study, 35 in the intervention group and 36 in the comparison group. The students assisted a simulated patient to move from a bed to a wheelchair. In the intervention group the students made one transfer before and one after training, and in the comparison group they made two transfers before training. Six variables were evaluated: work technique score; nursing students' ratings of comfort, work technique and exertion, and the simulated patients' perceptions of comfort and safety during the transfer. The result showed that nursing students improved their work technique, and that there was a correlation between the work technique and the simulated patients' subjective ratings of the transfer. In conclusion, nursing students improved their work technique after training in patient transfer methods, and the work technique affected the simulated patients' perceptions of the transfer.
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| 5. |
- Johnsson, Christina
(författare)
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The patient transfer task : methods for assessing work technique
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to move is an important part of everyday life. Assisted transfers, at hospitals or at home, can lead to high physical load on the nurse's musculoskeletal system, which in turn could cause musculoskeletal problems. The overall aim of this thesis, comprising five studies, was to develop methods for assessing the nurse's work technique in patient transfers tasks, with the focus on the load on the musculoskeletal system, and to evaluate work technique after participation in training programmes. Further aims were to evaluate the patient's safety and comfort in transfer situations, and to describe older people's experiences of transfer situations. In Studies I-II, two observation instruments for assessment of nurses' work technique were developed (Pate and DINO). The tests of validity and reliability for both instruments were acceptable to satisfactory, and the evaluations of work technique showed that they functioned as intended. In Study III, the video observation instrument (Pate) was used. The training programme consisted of two models of learning, traditional groups and quality circles, and was evaluated by using the video observation instrument. The patient rated perceived safety and comfort, while the participants rated their own work technique, comfort and perceived exertion during the transfer, using rating scales. The result showed that immediately after training the participants in both models of learning had improved their work technique, and that both the patient and the nurse perceived the transfer to be more comfortable. There was no difference in the effect of the two models of learning. No reduction of musculoskeletal problems was reported by the participants six months after training. In Study IV, the work technique of nursing students after proficiency training in patient transfer methods was evaluated by using the direct observation instrument (DINO). The results showed that the students improved their work technique after training. Both the patient and the students perceived the transfer to be more comfortable. There was also a positive correlation between the student's work technique and the patient's perceptions of safety and comfort during transfer. Study V focused on the older people's experiences of being assisted in transfers, using a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The results showed that older people experienced fear of falling and fear of pain, and thus of endangering the healing process in assisted transfers. The participants considered that this fear depended both on their own inability and on the nurse's lack of knowledge in performing safe patient transfers. This thesis indicates that the instruments showed acceptable to satisfactory reliability and validity; and that the work technique of the participants improved directly after training. Furthermore, patient ratings of perceived safety and comfort increased. Using training programmes in recommended patient transfer methods can be seen as primary prevention, since these programmes make it possible for the nurse to learn work technique that could lead to a decreased load on the musculoskeletal system. For the patient, the nurse's acquired skills could lead to a safer and more comfortable transfer, and to improved quality of care.
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| 6. |
- Johnsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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A direct observation instrument for assessment of nurses’ patient transfer technique (DINO)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 35:6, s. 591-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this project was to develop a direct observation instrument to assess the work technique of nursing personnel during patient transfers and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. An expert group developed this instrument, called DINO (Direct Nurse Observation instrument for assessment of work technique during patient transfers), which contains 16 items divided into three phases of a transfer: the preparation, performance and result phases. To quantify the assessments a scoring system was constructed, giving an overall score for each transfer, depending on the level of musculoskeletal health and safety. Four observers assessed 45 patient transfers at hospital wards and showed in an evaluation that the inter-observer reliability and criterion-related validity of DINO was satisfactory. The assessments with the DINO instrument are done directly when the transfer occurs, without costly equipment. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications. For example, when evaluating training in work technique or when identifying an unsafe work technique as a risk factor for musculoskeletal problems in epidemiological studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Johnsson, Christina, 1966-
(författare)
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Nation States and Minority Rights : A Constitutional Law Analysis
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are approximately fifteen thousand cultures in the world, five thousand ethnic communities, and over six hundred living language groups. There are, however, only approximately 192 nation states. Many of the minority communities claim the recognition of their cultures and of the individual’s rights to freely maintain and develop a cultural identity. In the democratic nation state, where the nation has the power to enforce laws in accordance with its interests, experiences and moral values, the demands of minority groups are not always met. On the contrary, it often seems as if the content and structure of laws is the actual cause of this dissatisfaction. The study takes as a starting-point the impact of the norms of inclusive democracy and of the "color-blind" nation state on modern constitutionalism and on cultural minorities. Through an analysis of the concepts of democracy and of the nation state it is established that cultural minorities and their normative orderings are at risk of being internally excluded from the decision-making and law-making processes. One effect of that exclusion is that minorities rely on their own "private" structures and normative orderings for solving conflicts that otherwise are solved by "state" law. In the end this tendency of applying private solutions can lead to lack of moral legitimacy in of the constitutional order. This tendency and, furthermore, the risk of infringements of the principles of human dignity and equality that follows upon democratic exclusion, requires that states adopt constitutional minority rights that compensate and protect minority cultural identity. Such rights are consequently justified by these three principles, as well as defined by them. Using these three grounds of justification as a point of departure, an instrument for constitutional and comparative constitutional analysis is developed. The instrument consists of four categories: 1. the rights to the inviolability of cultural identity, 2. the right to equality before and in the law with regard to cultural identity, 3. individual cultural rights and 4. cultural group rights. It is also used in an analysis of the Hungarian constitutional order. Hungary has adopted a modern, complex and rich system of minority rights. The fundamental principle in the constitution rules that the state is a multi-nation state and that the minorities participate in the power of the people. Laws are also adopted that enforce this principle. After an analysis of the complaints against the minority legislation, however, the picture is slightly changed. It seems as if the national myth with its roots in the Habsburg Hungary and the view on "the others", are influencing the implementation of the minority rights. Add to this that the justification of the minority rights has a blurred relationship to the wish for reciprocity with the neighbouring states where several million ethnic Hungarians live. It is concluded with the help of the instrument that the deeper layers of law in the constitutional order are influenced by a canonical narrative in which Hungary is still the dominant nation in the region and the state structure is federal, relying on borders of ethnic groups. From the analysis it is also established that there are three main approaches towards minorities in nation states. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are discussed and evaluated with regard to human dignity, equality and inclusive democracy.
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