| 1. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical recycling of complex reject streams from the paper industry via thermal and catalytic pyrolysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0165-2370 .- 1873-250X. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper-based packaging is a complex multi-material composed of paper (fibers), plastics, and metals, making efficient material recycling complicated. Currently, most of the fibers are recycled into new paper products while the residual material is commonly incinerated. Therefore, to improve the circularity and reduce the fossil dependency chemical recycling is needed. In this study, recycling of the residual materials was evaluated by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. First, screening tests were performed using five reject materials and four catalysts in an analytical scale and then, a selection of catalyst and reject materials were evaluated in lab-scale followed by a techno-economic assessment. Experimental results indicated that the conversion was more efficient if the reject had high content of plastics compared to fibers, leading to products with increased heating value, higher hydrocarbon yield and less reactive oxygenates compared to the rejects with low plastic ratio. In the thermal pyrolysis 54 % of the weight of the feedstock and 70 wt% of the carbon in the feedstock ended up in a solid organic product (wax) which contained hydrocarbons and alcohols. In the analytical catalytic pyrolysis, HZSM-5 gave the best result in terms of cracking, deoxygenation, and aromatization. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis using HZSM-5 resulted in an improved quality of organic liquid with reduced hydrocarbon length as well as deoxygenated and aromatic compounds. The yield of the organic liquid was up to 19 wt% and contained mainly monoaromatics. The techno-economic evaluation showed, for processing 100,000 tons year−1 residual material, the total plant investment and the annual profit are about 29 and 12 million Euros, respectively, if no incentive for treating the residual material.
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| 2. |
- Shafaghat, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Customized Atmospheric Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Biomass to High-Quality Bio-Oil Suitable for Coprocessing in Refining Units
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society. - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 38:6, s. 5288-5302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the critical elements of the biomass ex situ catalytic hydropyrolysis (CHP) concept to improve the quality of fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) for further coprocessing in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) refining unit. Generally, the high oxygen and low hydrogen contents of biomass result in a bio-oil with low quality, necessitating its upgrading, which can be performed as integrated in the pyrolysis process via in situ or ex situ configuration. In this work, the quality of stem wood-derived pyrolyzates (520 °C) was improved via ex situ CHP (400 °C) using a continuous bench-scale drop tube pyrolyzer (60 g h-1), and then the produced FPBO was coprocessed with vacuum gas oil (VGO) fossil oil using a lab-scale FCC unit (525 °C). CHP of stem wood was carried out using different metal-acid catalysts such as Ni/HZSM-5, Ni/HBeta, Mo/TiO2, and Pt/TiO2 at atmospheric pressure. FCC runs were performed using an equilibrium FCC catalyst and conventional fossil FCC feedstock cofed with 20 wt % stem wood-derived bio-oil in a fluidized bed reactor. Cofeeding the nonupgraded FPBO with fossil oil into the FCC unit decreased the generation of hydrocarbons in the range of gasoline and naphtha, indicating that bio-oil needs to be upgraded for further coprocessing in the FCC unit. Experimental results showed that different catalysts significantly affected the product composition and yield; Ni-based catalysts were strongly active tending to generate a high yield of gas, while Mo- and Pt-based catalysts seemed better for production of liquid with improved quality. The quality of FPBO was improved by reducing the formation of reactive oxygenates through the atmospheric CHP process. The composition of oil obtained from hydropyrolysis also showed that the yields of phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons were enhanced. © 2024 The Authors.
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| 3. |
- Dimitriadis, Athanasios, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass conversion via ablative fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing towards refinery integration : Industrially relevant scale validation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing the use of fossil fuels is an ongoing and important effort considering the environmental impact and depletion of fossil-based resources. The combination of ablative fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing is explored as a pathway allowing bio-based intermediates (BioMates) integration in underlying petroleum refineries. The proposed technology is validated in industrially relevant scale, identifying pros and cons towards its commercialization. Straw from wheat, rye and barley was fed to ablative fast pyrolysis rendering Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil (FPBO) as the main product. The FPBO was stabilized via slurry hydroprocessing, rendering a stabilized FPBO (sFPBO) with 49 % reduced oxygen content, 71 % reduced carbonyl content and 49 % reduced Conradson carbon residue. Fixed bed catalytic hydroprocessing of sFPBO resulted in the production of BioMates, a high bio-content product to be co-fed in established refinery units. Compared to the starting biomass, BioMates has 83.6 wt% C content increase, 92.5 wt% O content decrease, 93.0 wt% water content decrease, while the overall technology has 20 wt% conversion yield (32 wt% carbon yield) from biomass to BioMates. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of thermochemical recycling with solvolysis and pyrolysis of End-of-Life wind turbine blades : Rekovind2 - WP3
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an urgent need for the development of viable recycling solutions for the increasing waste streams of glass fiber composites (GFRPs) from all sectors i.e. leisure boats, windmills and building constructions. Two potential recycling methods that can separate and recover both the polymers and the high-quality fibers from these kinds of materials are pyrolysis and solvolysis. In this project recycling of an epoxy-based Endof-Life wind turbine blade was evaluated in lab scale using the two methods. In previous literature the main focus has been on the quality of the fibers but in this project the main focus was to compare the chemical composition of the oil products. The produced oils from solvolysis and pyrolysis have been compared with a multianalysis approach by using elemental analysis, GC-MS, pyro-GC-MS/FID, 2D NMR (HSQC) for gaining more information about the chemical structure of the produced monomers (phenols), oligomers and polymers. Almost all the volatile matter in the End-of-Life wind turbine blade was recovered as pyrolysis oil, 36 wt.% yield. The solvolysis oil yield was lower, 17 wt.%, mainly due to a major part of the solvolysis oil ended up in the aqueous solvent. The composition of the oils from both technologies was analyzed based on both their volatile i.e. monomeric and polymeric content. The result point to that both methods produced oils with similar polymeric parts according to NMR and pyro-GC-MS/FID, based on an oxygenated aliphatic network connected with aromatic phenolic structures. Increased information of chemical oil composition will be useful for further processing as raw material in refineries/chemical industries. The monomeric part of the oil produced from pyrolysis was found in relatively large amounts, ~57 wt.%, and can be a future high-value product from recycling of wind turbine blades. The total recovery of phenolics from the pyrolysis was 18 wt.% of the wind turbine blade weight.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of co-refining of fast pyrolysis oil from Salix via catalytic cracking and hydroprocessing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass from energy crops, i.e., short rotation coppice willows such as Salix spp., can be used as feedstock for production of transportation biofuels. Biomass conversion via fast pyrolysis followed by co-refining with fossil oil in existing refinery infrastructure could enable a fast introduction of large-scale production of biofuels. In this study, Salix was first liquefied using ablative fast pyrolysis in a pilot scale unit. The resulting pyrolysis oil, rich in oxygenates, was thereafter co-refined in 20 wt% ratio with fossil feedstock using two separate technologies, a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) laboratory unit and a continuous slurry hydroprocessing pilot plant. In the FCC route, the pyrolysis oil was cracked at 798 K using a commercial FCC catalyst at atmospheric pressure, while in the hydroprocessing route, the oil was processed at 693 K and a hydrogen pressure of 15 MPa in the presence of an unsupported molybdenum sulfide catalyst. Both routes resulted in significant deoxygenation (97 wt% versus 93 wt%). It is feasible to co-refine pyrolysis oil using both methods, the main difference being that the hydroprocessing results in a significantly higher biogenic carbon yield from the pyrolysis oil to liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products (92 wt%) but would in turn require input of H2. In the cracking route, besides the liquid product, a significant part of the biogenic carbon ends up as gas and as coke on the catalyst. The choice of route depends, among other factors, on the available amount of bio-oil and refining infrastructures. © 2023 The Authors
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Melin Johansson, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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SFPO: "Backa inte för samtal om önskan att dö"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Palliativ vård Tidskriften för palliativ vård i Sverige. - : Nationella rådet för palliativ vård. ; 2023:1, s. 9-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Rönnberg Wästljung, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized utilization of Salix—Perspectives for the genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology Bioenergy. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 1757-1693 .- 1757-1707. ; 14:10, s. 1128-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy will be one of the most important renewable energy sources in the conversion from fossil fuels to bio-based products. Short rotation coppice Salix could be a key player in this conversion since Salix has rapid growth, positive energy balance, easy to manage cultivation system with vegetative propagation of plant material and multiple harvests from the same plantation. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the main challenges and key issues in willow genetic improvement toward sustainable biofuel value chains. Primarily based on results from the research project “Optimized Utilization of Salix” (OPTUS), the influence of Salix wood quality on the potential for biofuel use is discussed, followed by issues related to the conversion of Salix biomass into liquid and gaseous transportation fuels. Thereafter, the studies address genotypic influence on soil carbon sequestration in Salix plantations, as well as on soil carbon dynamics and climate change impacts. Finally, the opportunities for plant breeding are discussed using willow as a resource for sustainable biofuel production. Substantial phenotypic and genotypic variation was reported for different wood quality traits important in biological (i.e., enzymatic and anaerobic) and thermochemical conversion processes, which is a prerequisite for plant breeding. Furthermore, different Salix genotypes can affect soil carbon sequestration variably, and life cycle assessment illustrates that these differences can result in different climate mitigation potential depending on genotype. Thus, the potential of Salix plantations for sustainable biomass production and its conversion into biofuels is shown. Large genetic variation in various wood and biomass traits, important for different conversion processes and carbon sequestration, provides opportunities to enhance the sustainability of the production system via plant breeding. This includes new breeding targets in addition to traditional targets for high yield to improve biomass quality and carbon sequestration potential. © 2022 The Authors.
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| 9. |
- Shafaghat, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Biofuel Production via Catalytic Hydropyrolysis and Hydro-Coprocessing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society. - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 36:1, s. 450-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to successfully integrate biomass pyrolysis oils as starting materials for conventional oil refineries, upgrading of the pyrolysis oils is needed to achieve desired properties, something which can be performed either as part of the pyrolysis process and/or by separate catalytic treatment of the pyrolysis intermediate oil products. In this study, the quality of stem wood-derived pyrolysis oil was improved via ex situ catalytic hydropyrolysis in a bench-scale pyrolyzer (stage 1), followed by catalytic hydro-coprocessing with fossil co-feed in a laboratory-scale high pressure autoclave (stage 2). The effect of pyrolysis upgrading conditions was investigated based on the quality of intermediate products and their suitability for hydro-coprocessing. HZSM-5 and Pt/TiO2 catalysts (400 °C, atmospheric pressure) were employed for ex situ pyrolysis, and the NiMoS/Al2O3 catalyst (330 °C, 100 bar H2 initial pressure) was used for hydro-coprocessing of the pyrolysis oil. The application of HZSM-5 in the pyrolysis of stem wood under a N2 atmosphere decreased the formation of acids, ketones, aldehydes, and furans and increased the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolics (guaiacols and phenols). Replacing HZSM-5 with Pt/TiO2 and N2 with H2 resulted in complete conversion of guaiacols and significant production of phenols, with further indications of increased stability and reduced coking tendencies.
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| 10. |
- Shafaghat, Hoda, et al.
(författare)
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Selective recycling of BTX hydrocarbons from electronic plastic wastes using catalytic fast pyrolysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of two waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) fractions, with two different copper contents (low- and medium-grade WEEE named as LGE and MGE, respectively), were performed using micro- and lab-scale pyrolyzers. This research aimed to fundamentally study the feasibility of chemical recycling of the WEEE fractions via pyrolysis process considering molecular interactions at the interfaces of catalyst active sites and WEEE pyrolyzates which significantly influence the chemical functionality of surface intermediates and catalysis by reorganizing the pyrolyzates near catalytic active sites forming reactive surface intermediates. Hence, Al2O3, TiO2, HBeta, HZSM-5 and spent FCC catalysts were used in in-situ micro-scale pyrolysis. Results indicated that HBeta and HZSM-5 zeolites were more suitable than other catalysts for selective production of aromatic hydrocarbons and BTX. High acidity and shape selectivity of zeotype surfaces make them attractive frameworks for catalytic pyrolysis processes aiming for light hydrocarbons like BTX. Meanwhile, the ex-situ pyrolysis of LGE and MGE were carried out using HZSM-5 in micro- and lab-scale pyrolyzers to investigate the effect of pyrolysis configuration on the BTX selectivity. Although the ex-situ pyrolysis resulted in higher formation of BTX from LGE, the in-situ configuration was more efficient to produce BTX from MGE. © 2022 The Author(s)
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