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Sökning: FÖRF:(Conny Nordin)

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1.
  • Samuelsson, Martin, 1965- (författare)
  • Taurine and Glutathione in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A growing body of results indicate that immunological alterations and oxidative stress are of importance in various mental disorders. The inflammatory changes are possible to detect both in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and different psychiatric disorder exhibit similar changes indicating a common underlying mechanism. The antioxidants are of importance to regulate the redox balance and control the inflammatory processes but the causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and increased oxidative stress is however not fully clarified. Two important antioxidants; taurine and glutathione (GSH), have been suggested to have central nervous system (CNS)-protective properties. They have been found to fluctuate in several mental disorders including schizophrenia and depression but the clinical relevance need further studies.The general aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of taurine and the GSH in depression and schizophrenia, two major mental disorders, in comparison to healthy controls.Correlations between glutathione and taurine levels in blood and CSF were analyzed in healthy male volunteers and we identified a complex pattern of associations showing that the CSF concentration was influenced by body mass index (BMI), age, intraspinal pressure, plasma concentrations the previous day and possible genetic factors. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of severely depressed patients. In blood collected before the first and after the third ECT, we found a significant decrease in plasma taurine in patients responding to the treatment, while total glutathione was unaltered. In a group of olanzapine treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders, we analysed taurine and glutathione in plasma and CSF and compared with healthy male and female volunteers. We observed increased plasma taurine levels in patients compared with controls, but no difference in CSF taurine and no alteration in glutathione.This thesis indicates that taurine might play a role in mental disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Increased knowledge about the complex regulation of taurine and glutathione might provide new insights into the impact of redox balance in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorder and contribute to a future personalization of the treatment.
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2.
  • Sjöberg, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • L-thyroxine treatment in primary hypothyroidism does not increase the content of free triiodothyronine in cerebrospinal fluid : A pilot study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 71:1, s. 63-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentration of thyroid hormones and pituitary thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH) was studied in nine hypothyroid patients (HT) before and in seven after L-thyroxine treatment. With L-thyroxine, median free T4 increased 4-fold in serum (3.5 pmol/L vs 17.5 pmol/L) and 3-fold in CSF, (3.9pmol/L vs 11.5 pmol/L). Correspondingly, total T3 in serum increased two-fold (0.9 nmol/L vs 2.2 nmol/L). Unexpectedly, free T3 concentration in CSF was similar (1.5 pmol/L vs.1.5 pmol/L) before and during treatment. In HT, TSH in serum correlated with TSH in CSF as did free T4 in serum and in CSF. During L-thyroxine, the correlation with TSH in serum and CSF remained. Likewise, the free T4 concentration in serum correlated with that in CSF. However, no correlation was found between T3 in serum and free T3 in CSF. It seems evident that free T4 in serum equilibrates with that in the CSF both in the HT and during L-thyroxine. Despite a two-fold increase in total serum T3, free T3 in CSF remained unchanged, which agrees with previous results in rats showing that T3 is less exchangeable between serum and CSF. Alternatively, an accelerated conversion of T4 to T3 might have maintained the concentration of T3, due to strongly increased levels of TSH found in the hypothyroid state. The notion that free T4 in serum reflects the CSF concentration of free T4 is consistent with previous reports from studies in animals.
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3.
  • Lundberg, Kristina, et al. (författare)
  • Cholecystokinin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid-A study in healthy young women
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: PEPTIDES. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0196-9781. ; 31:8, s. 1625-1628
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cholecystokinin (CCK) is widely distributed in the brain and is known to affect behavioral and physiological functions including anxiety and pain. The expression of CCK has been shown to be regulated by estrogen and to vary during the estrous cycle in rat brain. In the present study CCK was determined in plasma from 25 healthy women (age 25.0 +/- 3.5) during the menstrual cycle, in the late luteal phase and in the follicular phase. In the follicular phase, a lumbar puncture was performed at the same time that a plasma sample was taken in 15 subjects. The participants had fasted and were nicotine-free for at least 8 h preceding the sampling. We compared CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in plasma from 25 subjects in the late luteal phase (LLP) and the follicular phase (FP) and found that there was no difference during the menstrual cycle (n-25, R-2 =89.60%, p = n.s.). In the follicular phase no significant difference was found between CCK-LI in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at the same time (n =15, R-2 = 55.32%, p = n.s.).
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4.
  • Olsson, Sara K., et al. (författare)
  • Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bipolar disorder
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. - : CMA Joule Inc.. - 1180-4882 .- 1488-2434. ; 35:3, s. 195-199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Patients with schizophrenia show elevated brain levels of the neuroactive tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) This astrocyte] derived mediator acts as a neuroprotectant and modulates sensory gating and cognitive functiona We measured the levels of KYNA in the cerebrospinal fluid T vSyU of patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers to investigate the putative involvement of KYNA in bipolar disorder. Methods: We obtained CSF by lumbar puncture from 23 healthy men and 31 euthymic men with bipolar disorder. We analyzed the samples using high] performance liquid chromatography. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder had increased levels of KYNA in their CSF compared with healthy volunteers (1.71 nM, standard error of the mean [SEM] cad, va dad, nM, SEM cacln p = 0.002. The levels of KYNA were positively correlated with age among bipolar patients but not healthy volunteersa Limitations: The influence of ongoing drug treatment among patients cannot be ruled outa We conducted our study during the euthymic phase of the diseasea Conclusion: Brain KYNA levels are increased in euthymic men with bipolar disorder. In addition, KYNA levels increased with age in these patientsa These findings indicate shared mechanisms between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Elevated levels of brain KYNA may provide further insight to the pathophysiology and progression of bipolar disorder.
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5.
  • Brändström, Sven, 1952- (författare)
  • Personality and its complexity : An investigation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In former days the descriptions of personality were based on typologies, reflecting the view that people do not change over time and so have a stable, life-long personality type. Later on exclusive categories were created, but during recent times the understanding of personality has changed due to more dimensional and dynamic thinking.Cloninger’s personality theory integrates concepts and research findings from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology of behavior and learning, and from developmental, social and clinical psychology. It is postulated that the behavioural systems of temperament and character are related to two major neural systems for the adaptation of experiences on various levels. The continuous interaction between temperament and character affects the personality development in both directions; temperament impacts upon character and vice versa during life.The development of the TCI was founded on the development of the biosocial theory of personality, which in turn stimulated the further development of the theory. Unfortunately this theory-based approach is not commonly used in the development of personality measurements. The development of a personality questionnaire on the basis of the theory must be viewed as a significant challenge, and this prompted my interest in dealing with and learning more about this personality assessment method.The objectives of this thesis were a critical evaluation of Cloninger’s theory; a test of its applicability in psychiatric science; and an attempt to contribute to its development.The main findings of our investigations can be described as follows:The adaptation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was successful and the seven factor structure of Cloninger’s biopsychological theory of personality theory was mainly confirmed by the Swedish normative data and by cross-cultural comparisons between data from Germany, Sweden and the U.S.A.The results concerning internal consistency and factor structure further underline that the adult version of the TCI is unsuitable for use in adolescents before age of 17 years. For the adolescents the junior TCI is recommended.Furthermore temperament dimensions seem to be more stable over time compared to the character dimensions. The gender and age differences found suggest that both have to be taken into account in research and clinical application.The results from our studies suggested that the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has to be evaluated as a useful tool within the process of validation of diagnosis of a Personality Disorder (PD), especially in clinical practice where it is often difficult to recognise all a patient’s personality disturbances during a short time. Use of the TCI is likely to improve understanding, classification, and subsequently the interpretations in clinical settings. 
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6.
  • Nordin, Conny, et al. (författare)
  • Increased CSF homocysteine in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 7:1, s. 168-176
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurocognitive disturbances suggesting a frontal lobe dysfunction have been observed in pathological gamblers and alcohol dependents. Given that a high homocysteine level has been suggested to be a mediating factor in alcohol-related cognitive decline, we have determined homocysteine and cobalamine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 11 pathological male gamblers and 11 healthy male controls. Compared with healthy controls, pathological gamblers displayed higher CSF levels of homocysteine while the opposite was the case with CSF cobalamine. Smoking decreased the levels of homocysteine while the concentrations of cobalamine were increased. Homocysteine is a sulphur-containing amino acid exerting cytotoxic effects in living cells. The metabolism of homocysteine to methionine is mediated by cobalamine and folate. Human studies suggest that homocysteine plays a role in brain damage and cognitive and memory decline. The relationship between pathological gambling, homocysteine, cobalamine, folate (not determined in the study) and cognitive processing warrants further investigation.
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7.
  • Samuelsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Taurine in plasma and CSF : a study in healthy male volunteers
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Amino Acids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-4451 .- 1438-2199. ; 36:3, s. 529-33
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to explore the interrelationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid taurine concentrations, three consecutive 6-ml fractions of cerebrospinal fluid were drawn from 30 healthy male volunteers in the early morning after 8 h in the fasting condition. Repeated plasma samples were drawn over 24 h the day before lumbar puncture. Taurine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The subjects were categorized as extensive or poor metabolizers with respect to the cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype. The taurine cerebrospinal fluid/plasma ratio at 8 a.m. was negatively influenced by the plasma taurine concentration at 4 p.m. the previous day. It was also negatively influenced by body mass index and positively by the intraspinal pressure. Three poor metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2D6 had higher plasma taurine areas under the curve than 27 extensive metabolizers. Hypothetically, cytochrome P450 2D6 influences the transport of taurine across the blood-brain barrier.
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10.
  • Atlas, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Acute psychotic symptoms in HIV-1 infected patients are associated with increased levels of kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 21:1, s. 86-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with psychiatric complications including cognitive impairment, affective disorders, and psychosis. Previous studies have revealed a disturbed kynurenine metabolism in these patients leading to increased levels of neuroactive compounds acting at glutamatergic neurotransmission. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), one of these metabolites is a glutamate-receptor antagonist, preferentially blocking the glycine site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Increased levels of brain KYNA have been suggested to induce a NMDA receptor hypofunction that is associated with psychotic symptoms. In the present study, we analyze the concentration of KYNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from HIV-1 infected patients (n=22), including HIV-1 infected patients with psychotic symptoms (n=8) and HIV-1 infected patients without psychiatric symptoms (n=14). We found that HIV-1 infected patients had significantly higher median concentration of CSF KYNA (3.02nM) compared to healthy controls (1.17nM). Furthermore, CSF KYNA levels were significantly elevated in HIV-1 infected patients with psychotic symptoms (4.54nM) compared to patients with HIV-1 without psychiatric symptoms (2.28nM). Present results indicate that increased levels of CSF KYNA may be associated with development of psychotic symptoms in HIV-1 infected patients.
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