| 1. |
- Hellén-Halme, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the performance of intraoral X-ray sensors using objective image quality assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4403 .- 2212-4411. ; 121:5, s. e129-e137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 10 individual sensors of the same make, using objective measures of key image quality parameters. A further aim was to compare 8 brands of sensors. Study Design. Ten new sensors of 8 different models from 6 manufacturers (i.e., 80 sensors) were included in the study. All sensors were exposed in a standardized way using an X-ray tube voltage of 60 kVp and different exposure times. Sensor response, noise, low-contrast resolution, spatial resolution and uniformity were measured Results. Individual differences between sensors of the same brand were surprisingly large in some cases. There were clear differences in the characteristics of the different brands of sensors. The largest variations were found for individual sensor response for some of the brands studied. Also, noise level and low contrast resolution showed large variations between brands Conclusions. Sensors, even of the same brand, vary significantly in their quality. It is thus valuable to establish action levels for the acceptance of newly delivered sensors and to use objective image quality control for commissioning purposes and periodic checks to ensure high performance of individual digital sensors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A two-way approach of congruent behavior between leaders and staff in the employeeship concept: Test of model, questionnaires, and influence on climate
- 2012
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Ingår i: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - : Emerald. - 1472-5347 .- 0143-7739. ; 33:5, s. 428-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The authors have developed the Leadership-Employeeship-Relationship Model and a questionnaire following their conceptualization of the employeeship concept. It is possible to separately study leadership, peer employee, and interactive leader-follower behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the conceptualization and operationalization, as well as between the model and psychological climate. Design/methodology/approach – In total, four organizations operating at an airport participated. The quantitative approach involved data gathered from expected leadership and employee behaviors and psychological climate attitude questionnaires. The leadership and peer employee variables are separately based on the leadership and employeeship questionnaires, whereas the leader-follower variable is based on the results of both questionnaires. All analyses were made on the variable level. Findings – The results show that expected leadership, peer employee, and congruent leader-follower behaviors all have a positive correlation with psychological climate. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that congruent leader-follower behavior had augmented value to leadership behavior and its relationship to psychological climate. Practical implications – Congruent leader-follower behavior plays an important role in the overall improvement of psychological climate. Steps toward congruent behavior are to allow followers to participate in leadership development and that the issue of shared responsibilities and authority is best managed in collaboration between management and staff. Originality/value – The paper is the first to demonstrate empirically the relation between the interactive leader-follower employeeship perspective based on the expected behaviors of both leaders and followers and psychological climate.
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| 4. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Employeeship concept: An interactive model of work relationships focused on leader and follower behaviors
- 2011
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Ingår i: An employeeship model and its relation to psychological climate: A study of congruence in the behavior of leaders and followers. - 9789197871884 ; , s. 65-85
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose is to present a theoretical model of the concept employeeship. Employeeship concerns all employees and covers the vertical perspective of work behaviors and relationships between formal leaders and followers, and the horizontal perspective between co-workers on all organizational levels. This enables the study of both formal and informal leadership, authentically recognizing that all employees are possible leaders and that leadership emerges in the relationship between one leading and one following. Employeeship attempts to bridge some of the gap in the literature between leader and follower perspectives and is defined as the behavior that constitutes the dynamic process of mutual work relationships between two or more employees based on task and social abilities. The Employee-Leader-Relationship Model illustrates the reciprocity between the employee perspective in employeeship, depicted on a continuum from low to highly developed task and social abilities, and the leader perspective in employeeship, depicted as task- and relation-oriented leadership. The operationalization of the Model measures expected leader and peer-employee behaviors as two discrete factors, and interactive leader-follower behaviors which is a factor based on the responses from both formal leaders and followers. Hence, there are two measures but three perspectives: top-down leader, bottom-up follower-employee, and horizontal peer-employee, and three factors important for the employeeship concept: leader, peer-employee, and the congruence of leader-follower behaviors. Dependent of the analysis made the employee measure is labeled peer-employee in the discrete factor and follower-employee in the leader-follower factor due to the shifting perspectives. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Holmberg, Johan K, et al.
(författare)
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PITX2 gain-of-function induced defects in mouse forelimb development.
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Developmental Biology. - 1471-213X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limb development and patterning originate from a complex interplay between the skeletal elements, tendons, and muscles of the limb. One of the genes involved in patterning of limb muscles is the homeobox transcription factor Pitx2 but its role in forelimb development is uncharacterized. Pitx2 is expressed in the majority of premature presumptive forelimb musculature at embryonic day 12.5 and then maintained throughout embryogenesis to adult skeletal muscle. RESULTS: To further study the role of Pitx2 in forelimb development we have generated transgenic mice that exhibit a pulse of PITX2 over-expression at embryonic day 13.5 and 14.5 in the developing forelimb mesenchyme. These mice exhibit a distal misplacement of the biceps brachii insertion during embryogenesis, which twists the forelimb musculature resulting in severe skeletal malformations. The skeletal malformations have some similarities to the forearm deformities present in Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the tendon, muscle, and bone anomalies further support a role of Pitx2 in forelimb development and may also shed light on the interaction between the skeletal elements and muscles of the limb during embryogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Situational leadership in air traffic control
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Air Transportation. - 1544-6980. ; 12:1, s. 67-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In high-risk environments such as air traffic control, leadership on different levels plays a certain role in establishing, promoting, and maintaining a good safety culture. The current study aimed to investigate how leadership styles, leadership style adaptability, and over and under task leadership behavior differed across situations, operative conditions, leadership structures, and working tasks in an air traffic control setting. Study locations were two air traffic control centers in Sweden with different operational conditions and leadership structures, and an administrative air traffic management unit. Leadership was measured with a questionnaire based on Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description (LEAD; Blanchard, Zigarmi & Zigarmi, 2003; Hersey & Blanchard, 1988). The results showed that the situation had strong impact on the leadership in which the leadership behavior was more relationship oriented in Success and Group situations than in Hardship and Individual situations. The leadership adaptability was further superior in Success and Individual situations compared with Hardship and Group situations. Operational conditions, leadership structures and working tasks were, on the other hand, not associated with leadership behavior.
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| 7. |
- Bertlett, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing “medarbetarskap” as a concept facilitating work related relationships: Theoretical considerations in an airport change process.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Human Factors Issues in Complex System Performance. - 9789042303256 ; , s. 497-509
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Air Navigation Service Provider, Luftfartsverket, together with Stockholm-Arlanda airport are implementing a new socio-technical concept called collaborative decision making. New technology and work procedures in collaborative decision making are directly affecting all organizations in an airplane turn-round process, and indirectly affecting legislators, authorities, suppliers, and passengers. A change of this magnitude needs a holistic approach covering the relationships among affected stakeholders. Medarbetarskap is introduced as a theoretical, ideological, and practical concept focusing on relationships based on democratic values, free and open communication, and experiential learning processes. Furthermore, medarbetarskap favours an intra-, and inter-organizational structure to align management/leadership, staff/workers, and work tasks at different systematic levels and different organizations to reach a common understanding of what is important in any given situation. From a psychological perspective, medarbetarskap facilitates learning via communication and reflection to develop knowledge about human behaviour and relationships from an individual to a societal level. The introduction of collaborative decision making will be examined from the starting-point that medarbetarskap facilitates the change process and daily operations at Stockholm-Arlanda airport by increasing horizontal and vertical collaboration, commitment, ability to influence, buy-in, empowerment, and by decreasing the gap between the technical and socio-organizational implementation process.
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| 8. |
- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Safety culture in Swedish air traffic control
- 2007
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 45:7, s. 791-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European air traffic control is undergoing changes in organization and technology in order to increase efficiency in air traffic. Change processes can have a negative impact on existing safety cultures, the foundations of safety work, and on safety. This paper reports on an assessment of safety culture at one administrative and two operative units in a Swedish air traffic control setting, using questionnaire packages and interviews, and focuses on 391 questionnaire respondents. The objectives of the study were to obtain baseline data of safety culture aspects and relationships between safety culture and organizational climate before major organizational and technical changes were implemented, and to yield reference data on safety culture aspects in this transport branch. The safety culture aspects were generally perceived and judged to be good by the respondents. Relationships were identified between the organizational climate and the safety culture at the two operative units, where a higher level of Support for ideas and a lower level of Conflicts were positively related to many of the investigated safety culture aspects. The general safety culture in the air traffic control setting was found to be on a somewhat higher average score level than that found in the authors' previous studies of passenger shipping and airport ground handling.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Österlind, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Head teachers cought in the middle or on top of things.
- 2007
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Ingår i: In tension between organization and profession. Professionals in Nordic Public Service.. - 9789185509027 - 9185509027 ; , s. 133-153
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I antologin In Tension between Organization and Profession diskuterar en rad svenska och skandinaviska forskare olika vardagsproblem som individer i offentlig verksamhet upplever. Varför tycks sjukfrånvaro och utbrändhet ständigt öka samtidigt som resurserna inom offentlig sektor blir allt mindre? Är det förresten en bild som stämmer? I denna antologi sätts individen i centrum; det är individens roll i ett större kollektiv som undersöks. Nya organisationsstrukturer, teknologi och ledarskapsprofiler innebär att verksamheten inom offentlig sektor ständigt förändras. I relationen mellan individ och struktur uppstår spänningar. Med exempel från så vitt skilda fält som lärare, poliser och sjuksköterskor illustrerar författarna vilken typ av konsekvenser dessa spänningar orsakar.
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