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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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FilipN@LT-EDI-ACL2022-Detecting signs of Depression from Social Media: Examining the use of summarization methods as data augmentation for text classification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. - : Association for Computational Linguistics. ; , s. 283-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common mental disorder that severely affects the quality of life, and can lead to suicide. When diagnosed in time, mild, moderate, and even severe depression can be treated. This is why it is vital to detect signs of depression in time. One possibility for this is the use of text classification models on social media posts. Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a variety of similar text classification tasks. One drawback, however, is that when the dataset is imbalanced, the performance of these models may be negatively affected. Because of this, in this paper, we examine the effect of balancing a depression detection dataset using data augmentation. In particular, we use abstractive summarization techniques for data augmentation. We examine the effect of this method on the LT-EDI-ACL2022 task. Our results show that when increasing the multiplicity of the minority classes to the right degree, this data augmentation method can in fact improve classification scores on the task.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging Sentiment Data for the Detection of Homophobic/Transphobic Content in a Multi-Task, Multi-Lingual Setting Using Transformers
- 2022
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Ingår i: FIRE 2022 Working Notes. - : CEUR-WS. ; , s. 196-207
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hateful content is published and spread on social media at an increasing rate, harming the user experience.In addition, hateful content targeting particular, marginalized/vulnerable groups (e.g. homophobic/trans-phobic content) can cause even more harm to members of said groups. Hence, detecting hateful contentis crucial, regardless of its origin, or the language used. The large variety of (often underresourced)languages used, however, makes this task daunting, especially as many users use code-mixing in theirmessages. To help overcome these difficulties, the approach we present here uses a multi-languageframework. And to further mitigate the scarcity of labelled data, it also leverages data from the relatedtask of sentiment-analysis to improve the detection of homophobic/transphobic content. We evaluatedour system by participating in a sentiment analysis and hate speech detection challenge. Results showthat our multi-task model outperforms its single-task counterpart (on average, by 24%) on the detection ofhomophobic/transphobic content. Moreover, the results achieved in detecting homophobic/transphobiccontent put our system in 1st or 2nd place for three out of four languages examined.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of activated sludge ozonation on filamentous bacteria viability and possible added benefits
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 40:20, s. 2601-2607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone was applied to return activated sludge in full-scale to study how ozone impacts filamentous bacteria viability (Live/Dead®). Additionally, the ozonated sludges were subjected to anaerobic digestion trials and analysis of micropollutants. Ozone treatment (3-4.8 g O3/kg TSS) improved the settling properties of the sludge by lowering the diluted sludge volume with 7-35%. Ozone inactivated filamentous bacteria outside the floc structures and the fraction of inactivated filaments increased with an increasing ozone dose. It was observed that ozone treatment may act selectively towards different types of filaments. With respect to the two dominating morphotypes present, Type 0041 filamentous bacteria were found to be more resistant to ozone attack than Microthrix parvicella. Thus, higher ozone doses may be required to mitigate sludge bulking caused by Type 0041 filaments. No effects could be discerned by ozone addition on neither the methane production of the sludge nor on the concentrations of micropollutants analysed for this study. The lack of effect on both methane production and micropollutant removal was deemed to be caused by insufficient ozone doses.
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| 5. |
- Schminder, Jörg, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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An IVR Engineering Educational Laboratory AccommodatingCDIO Standards
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 15th International CDIO Conference: Proceedings – Full Papers. - Aarhus : Aahus University Library. - 9788775074594 ; , s. 647-658
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the development of an educational immersive virtual reality (IVR) program considering both technological and pedagogical affordances of such learning environments. The CDIO Standards have been used as guidelines to ensure desirable outcomes of IVR for an engineering course. A learning model has been followed to use VR characteristics and learning affordances in teaching basic principles. Different game modes, considered as learning activities, are incorporated to benefit from experiential and spatial knowledge representation and to create a learning experience that fulfils intended learning outcomes (ILOs) (defined by CDIO Standard 2 and Bloom’s learning taxonomy) associated with the particular course moment. The evaluation of IVR laboratory highlights effectiveness of the approach in achieving ILOs provided that pedagogical models have been followed to create powerful modes of learning.
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| 6. |
- Haghighatafshar, Salar, et al.
(författare)
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Microsieving coupled with O3 or ClO2 for treatment and disinfection of combined sewer overflows
- 2018
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 74:3, s. 123-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact combined sewer overflow (CSO) treatment unit is set up and evaluated in pilot-scale. The pilotplant consisted of flocculation, coagulation and a microsieving system followed by a disinfection unit with either O3 or ClO2. Efficiency of the pilot-plant was evaluated with respect to reduction of Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria and intestinal enterococci as well as removal of biocides. Results showed that 10 mg L-1 of ClO2 as disinfectant was sufficient to meet the European Union (EU) requirements as per Bathing Water Directive (2006/7 EC) while the same results were only achieved when higher O3 dose (20 mg O3 L-1) was applied. This study revealed that chlorine dioxide was the most effective disinfectant agent in reducing the number of bacteria to below the limits set by the EU Bathing Water Directive and that the pre-treatment used was highly efficient. Regarding biocides, the efficiency of the removal was highly dependent on the type of substance. However, ozone was found to be able to remove a broader range of the investigated biocides.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Filip
(författare)
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Application of ozone in wastewater treatment : Oxidation of pharmaceuticals and filamentous bulking sludge
- 2017. - 1
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As pharmaceutical removal was not part of the of the modern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design, it is not surprising that WWTPs have been identified as major point sources of pharmaceuticals entering the environment. The oxidation of pharmaceuticals in the WWTP effluent is one of the-end-of-pipe solutions that are considered most ready for full-scale use. However, there are several aspects of its application that must be further researched. One aim of this thesis project was to investigate how effective ozone is when applied to different WWTPs. When ozone was applied to the effluent of Lundåkraverket WWTP, the importance of the organic carbon content was highlighted. A pre-treatment that removed most of the organic carbon (suspended solids) removed 95% of the total pharmaceutical concentration with an ozone dose of five g O3/m3. Without this pre-treatment, the removal reached 80% with the same ozone dose. Moreover, the impact of TOC was substantial when ozone was applied in the same manner at ten different WWTPs; as the TOC content in the wastewater effluent increases, a higher ozone dose is required to reach an 80% reduction in the total pharmaceutical concentration.Filamentous bulking sludge that upsets the clarifying process still constitutes a problem at many activated sludge plants. Ozone added to the return activated sludge has alleviated the problem, but it has not been applied in many trials. The other aim of this thesis was to investigate how ozone addition impacts settling qualities and filamentous bacteria when applied to the return activated sludge. Ozone was tested at two different WWTPs using similar equipment. At Öresundsverket, the specific ozone dosage ranged from 2.8 to 5.0 g O3/kg SS with a constant ozone dosage rate of 900 g O3/h. At Klagshamn WWTP, the specific ozone dose was more variable because the flow of return activated sludge was changed to investigate how it impacted the results. The addition of ozone to the return activated sludge lowered the sludge volume index (SVI) and diluted sludge volume index (DSVI) significantly at both locations. The SVI in the first Klagshamn trial was decreased from approximately 200 mL/g to below 100 mL/g, and the SVI was reduced from 170 mL/g to 100 mL/g in the trial at Öresundsverket WWTP. The biological nutrient removal processes were not affected by the ozone process. A second full-scale trial at Klagshamn WWTP further demonstrated that ozone significantly improves the settling qualities of activated sludge. The DSVI was decreased from 82 mL/g to 54 mL/g with 4.0 g O3/kg TSS. Live/Dead® analysis of the ozonated sludge from that trial revealed that filamentous bacteria protruding outside the flocs are significantly more affected by ozone than bacteria within the flocs. In addition, ozone doses that are applicable to filamentous bulking control will not result in higher methane production from anaerobic digestion or be sufficient to oxidize micro-pollutants in the sludge.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Removal of pharmaceuticals with ozone at 10 Swedish wastewater treatment plants
- 2017
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Ingår i: Water Practice & Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1751-231X. ; 12:4, s. 871-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pilot-scale tests were run with ozonation for reduction of 24 pharmaceuticals at 10 full-scale wastewater treatment plants in southern Sweden. Reduction was evaluated based on doses of 3, 5 and 7 g O3/m3 at all plants. The reduction of pharmaceuticals reached on average 65% at 3 g O3/m3, 78% at 5 g O3/m3 and 88% for 7 g O3/m3 in terms of total concentration of pharmaceuticals. Specific ozone dose (ratio O3:TOC) was found to be highly influential on pharmaceutical removal. At two WWTPs, the pharmaceutical removal was severely reduced.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Filip
(författare)
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Application of ozone in wastewater treatment : For mitigation of filamentous bulking sludge & reduction of pharmaceutical discharge
- 2015. - 1
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wastewater treatment with activated sludge is the most common way of treating wastewater. The process relies on bacteria converting nutrients, BOD and COD into biomass, CO2 and N2. Even though the configuration of activated sludge processes and wastewater treatment plants varies there are common problems which are shared. Filamentous bulking sludge is one problem that is widespread and disturbs the critical sludge separation which can result in reduced throughput, increased cost, sludge release, increased nutrient release and clogging of polishing steps. Another problem is that WWTPs are not designed to reduce the amount of pharmaceuticals commonly found in domestic wastewater and a large portion of them are being released into the environment.Alleviation of filamentous bulking sludge and reduction of pharmaceutical residues are both possible to achieve with ozone. This thesis presents results from two full-scale installations focused on mitigation of filamentous bulking sludge as well as one pilot-scale trial in which ozone was combined with a pre-treatment to remove pharmaceuticals from treated wastewater. Ozone addition into the return activated sludge was very effective in reducing the critical parameters SVI or DSVI to acceptable levels while not affecting the desired biological activity of the main treatment line. The energy consumption of such a system was investigated and found to be 0.044 kWh m-3 for a treatment lasting 45 days. This added operating cost should always be compared to the cost of having filamentous bulking sludge problems. A pre-treatment consisting of coagulation/flocculation/disc-filtration was highly effective in reducing the amount of ozone scavenging compounds. When ozone was added at a dose of 5 g O3 m-3 after the pre-treatment, the total pharmaceutical reduction reached 95% compared to 80% without pre-treatment. When ozone was added after pre-treatment the energy consumption reached 0.165 kWh m-3 year-1 while without pre-treatment the consumption reached 0.212 kWh m-3 year-1.
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| 10. |
- Punzi, Marisa, et al.
(författare)
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Combined anaerobic-ozonation process for treatment of textile wastewater : Removal of acute toxicity and mutagenicity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 292, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel set up composed of an anaerobic biofilm reactor followed by ozonation was used for treatment of artificial and real textile effluents containing azo dyes. The biological treatment efficiently removed chemical oxygen demand and color. Ozonation further reduced the organic content of the effluents and was very important for the degradation of aromatic compounds, as shown by the reduction of UV absorbance. The acute toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri and the shrimp Artemia salina increased after the biological treatment. No toxicity was detected after ozonation with the exception of the synthetic effluent containing the highest concentration, 1. g/l, of the azo dye Remazol Red. Both untreated and biologically treated textile effluents were found to have mutagenic effects. The mutagenicity increased even further after 1. min of ozonation. No mutagenicity was however detected in the effluents subjected to longer exposure to ozone. The results of this study suggest that the use of ozonation as short post-treatment after a biological process can be beneficial for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds and the removal of toxicity of textile wastewater. However, monitoring of toxicity and especially mutagenicity is crucial and should always be used to assess the success of a treatment strategy. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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