| 1. |
- Kihlgren, Annica, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the Decision Support System (DSS) for municipal nurses encountering health deterioration among older adults
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BMC. - 1471-2318. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A valid and reliable tool is crucial for municipal registered nurses (RNs) to make quick decisions in older adults who show rapid signs of health deterioration. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Decision Support System (DSS) among older adults in the municipal healthcare system.Methods: Firstly, we utilized the Rasch dichotomous model to analyze the DSS assessments (n=281) that were collected from municipal RNs working with older adults in the municipal healthcare system. We examined the properties of the DSS in terms of its unidimensionality, item fit, and separation indices. Secondly, to investigate inter-rater agreement in using the DSS, four experienced municipal RNs used the DSS to assess 60 health deterioration scenarios presented by one human patient simulators. The 60 DSS assessments were then analyzed using the ICC (2,1), percentage agreement, and Cohen kappa statistics.Results: The sample of older adults had a mean age of 82.8 (SD 11.7). The DSS met the criteria for unidimensionality, although two items did not meet the item fit statistics when all the DSS items were analyzed together. The person separation index was 0.47, indicating a limited level of separation among the sample. The item separation index was 11.43, suggesting that the DSS has good ability to discriminate between and separate the items. At the overall DSS level, inter-rater agreements were good according to the ICC. At the individual DSS item level, the percentage agreements were 75% or above, while the Cohen kappa statistics ranged from 0.46 to 1.00.Conclusions: The Rasch analysis revealed that the psychometric properties of the instrument were acceptable, although further research with a larger sample size and more items is needed. The DSS has the potential to assist municipal RNs in making clinical decisions regarding health deterioration in older adults, thereby avoiding unnecessary emergency admistion and helping.
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| 2. |
- Lindehoff, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass performance and stability of 5-year outdoor microalgal cultivation for CO2 removal from cement flue gas
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology Reports. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 2589-014X. ; 25, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study evaluated removal of industrial CO2 from cement flue gas using algal cultivation. Local polycultures were grown in an up-scaled outdoor photobioreactor over 5 years in northern Europe. Algal biomass was harvested 2–3 times per week and the closed panel system was re-filled with seawater amended with nutrients. Flue gas was fed to the photobioreactor circulatory system in one direction or re-circulated. Removal efficiency of CO2 averaged 9 % in non-recirculation and 17 % in re-circulation modes and reached 20–60 % under best cultivation conditions. Recovery of carbon into algal biomass reached up to 10 g m2d−1 in non-recirculation mode. Biomass performance was explained by circulation mode and shift of polyculture traits. Stability of biomass quality was shown over seasons, with higher relative content of protein in autumn. Toxic elements in biomass were below legal thresholds for upcycling. The study shows feasibility of algal solutions for conversion of waste, applied in temperate climate. © 2023 The Authors
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Fredrik, 1984-
(författare)
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The (Im)possibility of Education: Theory and Method in Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Gayatri Spivak’s Righting Wrongs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dialogic Pedagogy. - Pittsburgh : Pitt Open Library Publishing. - 2325-3290. ; 12:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postcolonial critics Paulo Freire (1921–1997) and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1942–) have both made attempts at offering pedagogical formulas that take into account the student’s experiences in order to oust oppressive tendencies from the classroom, and at first glance, many of their ideas seem close to identical: Freire speaks dismissively of “banking” education (75), and Spivak rejects rote learning (“Righting” 551); Freire argues that a reconciliation of the teacher-student contradiction is a prerequisite for proper education (all participants need to be “teachers and students” simultaneously [53]), and Spivak exhorts the educator to “learn to learn from below” (548). In other words, both scholars advocate a pedagogy whose “very legitimacy lies in…dialogue” (Freire 109), and they both undertake what this text labels a methodological leap from theory to practice. The aim of this article, then, is to find out how or to what extent Freire and Spivak render their pedagogical theories practicable and whether they manage to circumvent the danger of transference, of imposing the educator’s agenda on the learner. The article’s response to this question is no, in Freire’s case, and yes, but only provisionally, in Spivak’s. When Freire puts his teacher in charge of deciding what voices in the classroom should be heard and what voices should be gagged, he leaves the door open for renewed oppression and a mere turning of the tables, clearly against the grain of his own line of argument. Spivak, on the other hand, leaves no loopholes for oppressive tendencies in her methodology; however, as she usually shuns “the production of models [of practice] as such,” withdraws her own formulas, and uses deconstruction as a “safeguard against the repression or exclusion of ‘alterities,” her settling for a certain praxis can only be temporary and provisional (“Can the Subaltern” 103, Norton 2110).
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| 4. |
- Cöster, Maria C., et al.
(författare)
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Swefoot : The Swedish national quality register for foot and ankle surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Foot and Ankle Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1268-7731 .- 1460-9584. ; 28:8, s. 1404-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPopulation-based register data could be used to improve our knowledge of patients surgically treated for foot and ankle disorders. The quality register Swefoot was recently created to collect surgical and patient-reported data of foot and ankle surgery. This manuscript aims to describe the development and current use of the register.MethodsThe development of Swefoot started in 2014 and currently, data on 16 different diagnoses are collected in 49 units performing foot and ankle surgery. Registrations are performed by the surgeon and the patient.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2020 approximately 20,000 surgical procedures have been registered. 75.1% of the registered patients were women, 9.3% were smokers, 9.3% had a concomitant rheumatoid disease, and 18.4% a BMI larger than 30 kg/m2.ConclusionsThe Swefoot is a unique national register for foot and ankle surgery. It is by now possible to present demographic, surgical, and outcome parameters based on Swefoot.
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| 5. |
- McCarthy, Cormac
(författare)
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Mörkret utanför
- 2022
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 6. |
- Morger, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Studying and mitigating the effects of data drifts on ML model performance at the example of chemical toxicity data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning models are widely applied to predict molecular properties or the biological activity of small molecules on a specific protein. Models can be integrated in a conformal prediction (CP) framework which adds a calibration step to estimate the confidence of the predictions. CP models present the advantage of ensuring a predefined error rate under the assumption that test and calibration set are exchangeable. In cases where the test data have drifted away from the descriptor space of the training data, or where assay setups have changed, this assumption might not be fulfilled and the models are not guaranteed to be valid. In this study, the performance of internally valid CP models when applied to either newer time-split data or to external data was evaluated. In detail, temporal data drifts were analysed based on twelve datasets from the ChEMBL database. In addition, discrepancies between models trained on publicly-available data and applied to proprietary data for the liver toxicity and MNT in vivo endpoints were investigated. In most cases, a drastic decrease in the validity of the models was observed when applied to the time-split or external (holdout) test sets. To overcome the decrease in model validity, a strategy for updating the calibration set with data more similar to the holdout set was investigated. Updating the calibration set generally improved the validity, restoring it completely to its expected value in many cases. The restored validity is the first requisite for applying the CP models with confidence. However, the increased validity comes at the cost of a decrease in model efficiency, as more predictions are identified as inconclusive. This study presents a strategy to recalibrate CP models to mitigate the effects of data drifts. Updating the calibration sets without having to retrain the model has proven to be a useful approach to restore the validity of most models.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Fredrik, 1984-
(författare)
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Beauty, Complexity, and Symbolism in Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven and Patrick Somerville’s TV Adaptation.
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Literary Naturalism and Its Descendants SymposiumUniversity College Cork, Ireland, October 14-15, 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As demonstrated by the raving review excerpts on the novel’s cover, Emily St. John Mandel’s 2014 pandemic novel Station Eleven serves for many critics as a reminder of the unlikely beauty of the world. The novel labels as beautiful things—networks, ecologies—that are too complex to know. This labelling ties in with an appreciation of rather than a critique of the economic system that cannot be separated from the spread of the virus that sets the plot in motion. Contrary to what some critics claim, Station Eleven is not potentially subversive because it succeeds in imagining other possible futures than those Mandel describes as the “fevered summers of this century, this impossible heat” and the ecological collapse on the imaginary space station that appears in the novel. The novel’s potential, and to some extent the potential of Patrick Somerville’s 2021 TV adaption, lie rather in their illumination of the ideological limitations of a time and place where, for authors as well as for critics, the appreciation of complexity is held in higher esteem than any attempt to assess the ethical or political significance of the same phenomenon. I argue, then, that the role of criticism should not be to marvel with the literary work at whatever this work finds fascinating, but to avoid reading it on its own terms and instead interrogate its silences and blind spots—not to question its value as art, but to make the most of the ways in which it responds to historical moments and rhetorical situations.
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| 8. |
- Mattsson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Diversity Facilitates Stability Under Environmental Changes in an Outdoor Microalgal Cultivation System
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-4185. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functionally uniform monocultures have remained the paradigm in microalgal cultivation despite the apparent challenges to avoid invasions by other microorganisms. A mixed microbial consortium approach has the potential to optimize and maintain biomass production despite of seasonal changes and to be more resilient toward contaminations. Here we present a 3-year outdoor production of mixed consortia of locally adapted microalgae and bacteria in cold temperate latitude. Microalgal consortia were cultivated in flat panel photobioreactors using brackish Baltic Sea water and CO2 from a cement factory (Degerhamn, Cementa AB, Heidelberg Cement Group) as a sustainable CO2 source. To evaluate the ability of the microbial consortia to maintain stable biomass production while exposed to seasonal changes in both light and temperature, we tracked changes in the microbial community using molecular methods (16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing) and monitored the biomass production and quality (lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content) over 3 years. Despite changes in environmental conditions, the mixed consortia maintained stable biomass production by alternating between two different predominant green microalgae (Monoraphidium and Mychonastes) with complementary tolerance to temperature. The bacterial population was few taxa co-occured over time and the composition did not have any connection to the shifts in microalgal taxa. We propose that a locally adapted and mixed microalgal consortia, with complementary traits, can be useful for optimizing yield of commercial scale microalgal cultivation.
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| 9. |
- Morger, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the calibration in toxicological in vitro models with conformal prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cheminformatics. - : BioMed Central. - 1758-2946. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning methods are widely used in drug discovery and toxicity prediction. While showing overall good performance in cross-validation studies, their predictive power (often) drops in cases where the query samples have drifted from the training data's descriptor space. Thus, the assumption for applying machine learning algorithms, that training and test data stem from the same distribution, might not always be fulfilled. In this work, conformal prediction is used to assess the calibration of the models. Deviations from the expected error may indicate that training and test data originate from different distributions. Exemplified on the Tox21 datasets, composed of chronologically released Tox21Train, Tox21Test and Tox21Score subsets, we observed that while internally valid models could be trained using cross-validation on Tox21Train, predictions on the external Tox21Score data resulted in higher error rates than expected. To improve the prediction on the external sets, a strategy exchanging the calibration set with more recent data, such as Tox21Test, has successfully been introduced. We conclude that conformal prediction can be used to diagnose data drifts and other issues related to model calibration. The proposed improvement strategy-exchanging the calibration data only-is convenient as it does not require retraining of the underlying model.
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| 10. |
- Norinder, Ulf, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Synergy conformal prediction applied to large-scale bioactivity datasets and in federated learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cheminformatics. - : Chemistry Central. - 1758-2946. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Confidence predictors can deliver predictions with the associated confidence required for decision making and can play an important role in drug discovery and toxicity predictions. In this work we investigate a recently introduced version of conformal prediction, synergy conformal prediction, focusing on the predictive performance when applied to bioactivity data. We compare the performance to other variants of conformal predictors for multiple partitioned datasets and demonstrate the utility of synergy conformal predictors for federated learning where data cannot be pooled in one location. Our results show that synergy conformal predictors based on training data randomly sampled with replacement can compete with other conformal setups, while using completely separate training sets often results in worse performance. However, in a federated setup where no method has access to all the data, synergy conformal prediction is shown to give promising results. Based on our study, we conclude that synergy conformal predictors are a valuable addition to the conformal prediction toolbox.
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