| 1. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 2. |
- Bladh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Defined shapes of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs correlate with specific signs of cardiovascular disease on ultrasound examination
- 2024
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Ingår i: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4403 .- 2212-4411.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to optimize diagnostics for carotid artery calcifications (CACs) on panoramic radiographs (PRs) to identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) by investigating how 4 defined CAC shapes are associated with ultrasound (US) findings indicating CVD. Study Design: The study included 414 participants (802 neck sides) from the Malmö Offspring Dental Study, examined with PRs. The PRs were assessed for CAC shapes stratified into 4 categories: single, scattered, vessel-width defining, and vessel-outlining. The carotid arteries were examined with US for signs of CVD: the presence of plaques, largest individual area of a plaque, number of plaques, and percentage reduction of the lumen. Associations between the different CAC categories and US characteristics were analyzed. Results: All categories of CAC were significantly associated with a higher degree of US findings indicating CVD compared with no CAC (P < .001). The most significant differences were found for vessel-outlining CAC, with the mean of the largest individual plaque area of 17.9 vs 2.3 mm2, mean number of plaques 1.6 vs 0.2, and mean percentage reduction of the lumen 24.1% vs 3.5% (all P < .001). Conclusions: Independent of shape, CACs detected on PRs were associated with a higher degree of US findings of CVD. This was most pronounced for vessel-outlining CAC. With refined differential diagnostics of CACs in PRs, dentists may contribute to improved identification of patients in need of cardiovascular prevention.
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| 3. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Guldbrand, Carl, 1997, et al.
(författare)
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Low-level exposure to lead and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries : Results from the Swedish population-based cohort SCAPIS
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lead exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis has been hypothesized to be one of the underlying mechanisms behind this association. Aim: To investigate whether lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in a large Swedish population-based cohort. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), including 5622 middle-aged men and women, enrolled 2013–2018. Blood lead (B–Pb), measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was used as exposure biomarker. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries (yes/no), total plaque area (mm2) and the presence of large plaques (>25 mm2) were determined by ultrasonography. Associations between B–Pb and the different outcomes were analysed using Poisson and linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Atherosclerotic plaque was present in 57% of the individuals, for whom the median total plaque area was 16 mm2 (range: 0.2–222). The median B–Pb concentration was 14 μg/L (range: 0.75–203). After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the fourth quartile of B–Pb (Q4) had a prevalence ratio (PR) for plaque of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.16) when compared with the first quartile (Q1). A 10 μg/L increase in B–Pb concentrations was associated with an increase of 0.92 mm2 (95% CI: 0.14, 1.71) in total plaque area. The PR for large plaque was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.42 for Q4 vs Q1). Conclusions: This study shows an association between B–Pb and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries providing some support for the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is one of the mechanisms underlying the association between lead exposure and cardiovascular disease.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Cardiovascular Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2731-0590.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nymberg, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Association between changed self-rated health and the risk of venous thromboembolism in Malmö Preventive Program : a cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. - New York : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0929-5305 .- 1573-742X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor self-rated health (SRH) is associated with incident arterial cardiovascular disease in both sexes. Studies on the association between SRH and incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) show divergent results in women and no association in men. This study focuses on the association between change in SRH and incident VTE in a cohort of 11,558 men and 6682 women who underwent a baseline examination and assessment of SRH between 1974 and 1992 and a re-examination in 2002–2006. To investigate if changes in SRH over time affect the risk of incident VTE in men and women. During a follow-up time from the re-examination of more than 16 years, there was a lower risk for incident VTE among women if SRH changed from poor at baseline to very good/excellent (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28; 0.74) at the re-examination. Stable good SRH (good to very good/excellent at the re-examination, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42; 0.89), or change from good SRH at baseline into poor/fair at the re-examination (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51; 0.90) were all significantly associated with a reduced risk for VTE. All comparisons were done with the group with stable poor SRH. This pattern was not found among men. Regardless of a decreased or increased SRH during life, having an SRH of very good/excellent at any time point seems to be associated with a decreased risk of VTE among women. © 2024, The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Schill, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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The possible role of the vasopressin system in hematopoiesis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vasopressin is a pleiotropic hormone that controls body fluid homeostasis. Vasopressin has also been proposed to be involved in erythropoiesis, thrombocyte activity and inflammation. However, whether increasing vasopressin is associated with changes in hematopoietic markers is not known. To evaluate this gap of knowledge we measured the vasopressin marker copeptin and markers of erythropoiesis (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF)), leukocyte count (total count, lymphocytes, neutrophils) and thrombocyte count in 5312 participants from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). The associations between increasing copeptin tertile and the hematopoietic markers were analyzed in multivariate linear regression analyses. We found that increasing copeptin tertile was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with increasing erythrocytes, RDW, EVF, Hb, leukocytes and neutrophils after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking, prevalent diabetes, hypertension, creatinine, body mass index and physical activity. Increasing copeptin tertile was, however, not associated with change in MCV, lymphocyte or thrombocyte count. In conclusion, we found that increasing copeptin levels are positively associated with markers of erythropoiesis and leukocyte count in the general population. These results warrant further research on possible mechanistic effects of vasopressin on hematopoiesis.
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| 9. |
- Wallin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Blood cadmium is associated with increased fracture risk in never-smokers - results from a case-control study using data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: BONE. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies have shown associations between cadmium (Cd) exposure and an increased risk of fractures. However, the size of the risk is still unclear and proper adjustment for smoking is a challenge. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between dietary cadmium measured in blood and fracture risk in the general Swedish population through a large population-based case-control study in never-smokers.Methods: The study included 2113 incident cases with osteoporosis-related fractures and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in never-smokers from the Swedish population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer study cohort. Cd in blood (B-Cd) was analyzed at baseline (1991-1996). Incident osteoporosis-related fractures (of the hip, distal radius, and proximal humerus) up to the year 2014 were identified using the National Patient Register. Associations between B-Cd and fractures were analyzed using logistic regression.Results: Median B-Cd was 0.22 mu g/L (P25 = 0.16, P75 = 0.31) among 2103 cases and 0.21 (P25 = 0.15, P75 = 0.30) among 2105 controls. The risk of fracture was significantly increased (OR 1.58; 95 % confidence interval 1.08-2.31, per mu g/L of B-Cd), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and fiber consumption. In analyses by cadmium quartiles, the OR increased monotonically and was significant in the highest quartile of B-Cd (for B-Cd > 0.31 versus B-Cd < 0.15 mu g/L; OR 1.21; 95 % confidence interval 1.01-1.45).Conclusion: Even modestly increased blood cadmium in never-smokers is associated with increased risk of incident osteoporosis-related fractures.
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| 10. |
- Azzouz, Mehjar, 1999, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term ambient air pollution and venous thromboembolism in a population-based Swedish cohort.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). - : Elsevier. - 1873-6424 .- 0269-7491. ; 331:Pt 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air pollution is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and has been linked to several diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease. The biological mechanisms are related to inflammation and increased coagulability, factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e., deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). This study investigates if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased VTE incidence. The study followed 29 408 participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort, which consists of adults aged 44-74 recruited in Malmö, Sweden between 1991 and 1996. For each participant, annual mean residential exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μg (PM2.5) and <10 μg (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) from 1990 up to 2016 were calculated. Associations with VTE were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models for air pollution in the year of the VTE event (lag0) and the mean of the prior 1-10 years (lag1-10). Annual air pollution exposures for the full follow-up period had the following means: 10.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 15.8 μg/m3 for PM10, 27.7 μg/m3 for NOx, and 0.96 μg/m3 for BC. The mean follow-up period was 19.5 years, with 1418 incident VTE events recorded during this period. Exposure to lag1-10 PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of VTE (HR 1.17 (95%CI 1.01-1.37)) per interquartile range (IQR) of 1.2 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure. No significant associations were found between other pollutants or lag0 PM2.5 and incident VTE. When VTE was divided into specific diagnoses, associations with lag1-10 PM2.5 exposure were similarly positive for deep vein thrombosis but not for pulmonary embolism. Results persisted in sensitivity analyses and in multi-pollutant models. Long-term exposure to moderate concentrations of ambient PM2.5 was associated with increased risks of VTE in the general population in Sweden.
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