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| 2. |
- Rosén, Christoffer, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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High levels of neurofilament light and YKL-40 in cerebrospinal fluid are related to poor outcome in ALS
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurological disease without effective treatment. No pathognomonic test can diagnose ALS in sporadic cases. Routine investigation in suspected cases includes neurological examination, imaging of the brain and spine and electromyography supported by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses. The ALS diagnosis is made by clinical judgement and results from examinations. We aimed to study if the CSF biomarkers neurofilament light protein (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), YKL-40, soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) α and β, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) were associated with ALS diagnosis and could predict disease progression. Eighty-one patients with suspected ALS were included after referral to the neurological clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Fifty-nine patients were diagnosed having ALS, while 22 patients were given alternative diagnoses and labeled ALS mimics. Finally, 25 age-matched neurologically intact individuals were used as controls.ALS patients had significantly higher CSF levels of NFL than controls and mimics. Levels of YKL-40 and GFAP were significantly higher in ALS patients compared with controls. No difference was found between study groups when comparing levels of sAPPα, sAPPβ and sTREM2. Further, elevated levels of NFL and YKL-40 were associated with an increased hazard of death and the annual decline in ALSFRS-R. We also found that patients with elevated levels of both NFL and YKL-40 had a particularly poor prognosis. The results demonstrate the usefulness of CSF biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognostication of ALS.
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- Holmdahl, Ale, et al.
(författare)
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More than Just a Game: Teachers’ Experiences of PAX-GBG
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research. - : Eurasian Society of Educational Research. - 2589-949X. ; 6:1, s. 55-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PAX Good Behavior Game (PAX-GBG) is an evidence-based universal preventive intervention program for classroom use. Our aim was to explore teachers' perceptions of PAX-GBG and their work with it, and whether this changed during the implementation of the intervention. In addition, we explored teachers' perceptions, and changes in perceptions, regarding how they perceived their workload when learning and using PAX, how it influenced relationships in the classroom and students with special needs. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with six female teachers at three time-points during a school year. Based on thematic analysis, four themes illustrating teachers' experiences and the perceived effects of PAX-GBG on classroom relationships were identified: (1) Working with PAX-GBG; (2) The Game; (3) Focus on Behaviour; and (4) Relationships. A notable finding was that most teachers, at the outset, had concerns regarding the PAX Game and that these concerns mostly
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- Cederström, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of motor imagery on enjoyment in knee-injury prevention and rehabilitation training : A randomized crossover study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier BV. - 1440-2440. ; 24:3, s. 258-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The novel MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) model takes a uniquely holistic approach by integrating mental and physical aspects into current training programs. The aim of this trial was to evaluate enjoyment of MOTIFS training as compared to Care-as-Usual (CaU) knee injury and/or rehabilitation training. The primary hypothesis was that enjoyment would be greater following MOTIFS training than CaU training. Design: Block-randomized 2 × 2 cross-over trial. Methods: Thirty athletes (18−31 years, 50% women) currently or previously active in team ball sports, with no pain or injury preventing jump and/or directional changes. MOTIFS training integrates sport-specific experiences and equipment into physical exercises to increase individualized realism and meaning. The CaU condition included solely physical exercise. The main outcome was the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Secondary outcomes included Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM; subscales Valence, Arousal, Dominance), Perceived exertion, pulse, duration, and movement quality. Results: PACES scores were better following MOTIFS training than CaU (point estimate 24.67; 95% CI: 19.0; 30.3). Between-groups differences in SAM Valence (median 2, quartiles 1;3), Arousal (median 1, quartiles 0;2.25), and Dominance (median 0.5, quartiles 0;2), and RPE (median 1, quartiles −0.3;2), training duration (mean 5.34, 95% CI: −0.17; −0.73), and pulse (median 7.50, quartiles 0.25;16.75) were higher following MOTIFS training than CaU training. Conclusions: Results suggest that the MOTIFS model, which integrates simultaneous physical and psychological interventions, is a clinically plausible method of influencing enjoyment and other psychological outcomes. Further studies may explore effects of the MOTIFS principles on injury prevention and rehabilitation training.
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- Cederström, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Motor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) after traumatic knee injury: : study protocol for an adaptive randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTreatment following traumatic knee injury includes neuromuscular training, with or without surgical reconstruction. The aim of rehabilitation is to restore muscle function and address psychological factors to allow a return to activity. Attention is often on rehabilitation of knee function, but deficiencies often persist. Specific interventions addressing psychological factors are sparing with varying degrees of success. We have developed a novel training program, MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS), which integrates simultaneous psychological training into physical rehabilitation exercises. The MOTIFS model individualizes rehabilitation to increase central nervous system involvement by creating realistic and relevant mental images based on past experiences. We hypothesize that a 12-week MOTIFS training intervention will improve psychological readiness to return to activity and muscle function to a greater extent than current neuromuscular training (Care-as-Usual).MethodsThis pragmatic 1:1 single assessor-blinded adaptive cumulative cluster-randomized controlled trial will include 106 knee-injured people with a goal of returning to physical activity. Participants are randomized to either the MOTIFS or Care-as-Usual condition. Primary outcomes are the ACL Return to Sport after Injury Scale and change in injured leg hop performance in a side hop task from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include patient-reported outcomes and assessment of muscle function using a hop test battery and Postural Orientation Errors at 12-week follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, patient-reported outcomes are assessed. A sub-group (7-10 in each group) will be interviewed to gain insight into experiences of rehabilitation.DiscussionStrengths of this trial include that it is a randomized and pragmatic trial examining commonly under-studied aspects of rehabilitation following a knee injury. The model uses the patient as a reference, creating simultaneous psychological and physical training exercises with easily adopted principles for clinical practice. Limitations include that blinding is limited due to study design, and shifting the clinical paradigm to a more holistic model is a challenge. If successful, the MOTIFS model has implications for a clinically useful, individualized, and patient-relevant method of improving rehabilitation outcomes by integrating psychological training into physical training.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03473821. Registered March 22, 2018, with ethical approval that has been granted (Dnr 2016/413, Dnr 2018/927).Trial statusTrial Status: Protocol Version is 2020, Dec 10 – Version 1
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| 7. |
- Como, Giacomo, et al.
(författare)
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On the well-posedness of deterministic queuing networks with feedback control
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part B: Methodological. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-2615. ; 150, s. 323-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the well-posedness of a class of dynamical flow network systems describing the dynamical mass balance among a finite number of cells exchanging flow of traffic between themselves and with the external environment. Dynamical systems in the considered class are described as differential inclusions whereby the routing matrix is constant and the outflow from each cell in the network is limited by a control that is a Lipschitz continuous function of the state of the network. This framework finds application in particular within traffic signal control, whereby it is common that an empty queue can be allowed to have more outflow than vehicles in the queue. While models for this scenario have previously been presented for open-loop outflow controls, our result ensures the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the network flow dynamics in the case Lipschitz continuous feedback controllers.
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| 9. |
- Jaafer, Amani, et al.
(författare)
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Data Augmentation of IMU Signals and Evaluation via a Semi-Supervised Classification of Driving Behavior
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 23rd international conference on intelligent transportation systems (ITSC). - : IEEE. - 9781728141497
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past years, interest in classifying drivers' behavior from data has surged. Such interest is particularly relevant for car insurance companies who, due to privacy constraints, often only have access to data from Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) or similar. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised learning solution to classify portions of trips according to whether drivers are driving aggressively or normally based on such IMU data. Since the amount of labeled IMU data is limited and costly to generate, we utilize Recurrent Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (RCGAN) to generate more labeled data. Our results show that, by utilizing RCGAN-generated labeled data, the classification of the drivers is improved in 79% of the cases, compared to when the drivers are classified with no generated data.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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A Micro-Simulation Study of the Generalized Proportional Allocation Traffic Signal Control
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050. ; 21:4, s. 1705-1715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the problem of controlling phase activations for signalized junctions in an urban transportation network using local feedback information consisting of measures of the queue-lengths at the incoming lanes of each junction. Our focus is on the validation and performance evaluation through micro-simulations of the recently proposed Generalized Proportional Allocation (GPA) controller. Previous theoretical work has provided provable performance guarantees in terms of stability, and throughput optimality of the GPA controller in a continuous averaged dynamical queueing network model. In this paper, we first provide and implement two discretized versions of the GPA controller in the SUMO micro simulator. We then compare, in an artificial Manhattan-like grid, the performance of the GPA controller with those of the MaxPressure controller, which is another distributed feedback controller that requires more information than the GPA. Finally, to show that the GPA controller is easily implementable in a real-world scenario, we apply it to a previously published realistic traffic scenario for the city of Luxembourg and compare its performance with the static controller provided with the scenario as well as with the cyclic MaxPressure controller. The simulations show that the GPA controller outperforms both the fixed time and the cyclic MaxPressure controllers for the Luxembourg scenario, and behaves better than the MaxPressure pressure controller in the Manhattan-grid when the demands are low.
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