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- Boye, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of chemical sulphur species in bulk soil and organic sulphur fractions by S K-edge XANES spectroscopy
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Science. - : Wiley. - 1351-0754 .- 1365-2389. ; 62, s. 874–881-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new data treatment method for fitting spectra obtained by sulphur (S) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to quantify the chemical S speciation at three experimental sites with arable soils receiving the same long-term field treatments. Two treatments, crop residue (CR) incorporation and farmyard manure (FYM) application, with equal applications of mineral nutrients were included in the study. In the new data treatment method, internally calibrated spectra of dilute solutions (30 mm) of model compounds were used to fit the sample spectra. This greatly enhanced the reliability of quantitative determination of contributing S species in soil samples and soil extracts. The results indicated that long-term FYM application shifted S species composition from highly oxidized towards intermediate oxidization in two of the soils, but in the third soil the opposite trend was observed. Sulphur XANES spectroscopy of acetylacetone extracts of physically protected and unprotected organic S in two of the soils revealed that physical protection was not related to S speciation; however, intermediate forms of oxidized S species appeared to accumulate in the residual S pool (not extractable by acetylacetone)
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- Eriksson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Marklära
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Gärdenäs, Annemieke, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge gaps in soil carbon and nitrogen interactions - From molecular to global scale
- 2011
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 43, s. 702-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this review was to identify, address and rank knowledge gaps in our understanding of five major soil C and N interactions across a range of scales – from molecular to global. The studied five soil C and N interactions are: i) N controls on the soil emissions of greenhouse gases, ii) plant utilisation of organic N, iii) impact of rhizosphere priming on C and N cycling, iv) impact of black N on the stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) and v) representation of fractions of SOM in simulation models. We ranked the identified knowledge gaps according to the importance we attached to them for functional descriptions of soil–climate interactions at the global scale, for instance in general circulation models (GCMs). Both the direct and indirect influences on soil–climate interactions were included. We found that the level of understanding declined as the scale increased from molecular to global for four of the five topics. By contrast, the knowledge level for SOM simulation models appeared to be highest when considered at the ecosystem scale. The largest discrepancy between knowledge level and importance was found at the global modelling scale. We concluded that a reliable quantification of greenhouse gas emissions at the ecosystem scale is of utmost importance for improving soil–climate representation in GCMs. We see as key questions the identification of the role of different N species for the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition rates and its consequences for plant available N
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- Boye, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur flow in a soil-plant system-effects of long-term treatment history and soil properties
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 334, s. 323-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of long-term treatment and soil type on sulfur (S) flow patterns within soil and from soil to plant was studied in a pot experiment with Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum cv. SW Fredrik) with (+S) or without (-S) added S. Soil samples were taken from two field treatments (farmyard manure (FYM) application or crop residue (CR) incorporation) at four sites with differing soil types within the Swedish long-term fertility experiment series. To follow gross processes, the initial soil sulfate pool was labeled with carrier-free H (2) (35) SO(4). The -S treatment resulted in visual symptoms of S deficiency, reduced biomass production and lower total S uptake by the rye grass. The isotopic measurements revealed that more than two thirds of the plant S was derived from non-labeled soil organic S, even in the + S treatment, and that all organic S pools (physically unprotected/protected and residual organic S) in the soil were involved in the S transformations. The long-term FYM treatment had resulted in higher S cycling rates and a slightly higher resistance to S deficiency than the CR treatment. The influence of soil type on S flow patterns was important, but probably only partly related to the soil S properties.
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| 9. |
- Boye, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Net sulfur mineralization potential in Swedish arable soils in relation to long-term treatment history and soil properties
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biology and Fertility of Soils. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0178-2762 .- 1432-0789. ; 45, s. 743-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term treatment effect (since 1957-1966) of farmyard manure (FYM) application compared with crop residue incorporation was investigated in five soils (sandy loam to silty clay) with regards to the net sulfur (S) mineralization potential. An open incubation technique was used to determine accumulated net S mineralization (S(AccMin)) and a number of soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Treatments and soil differences in S(AccMin), as well as correlations with soil variables, were tested with single and multivariate analyses. Long-term FYM application resulted in a significantly (p = 0.012) higher net S mineralization potential, although total amounts of C, N, and S were not significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The accumulated S mineralization differed significantly (p < 0.05) between soils within this treatment. The measured soil variables were not significantly correlated to S(AccMin). Conclusively, different treatment histories influenced the quality (e.g., chemical composition) and cycling rate of the organic S pool, rather than its size.
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| 10. |
- Jacks, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Soil degradation caused by human water maagement
- 2008
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Ingår i: Water for Food: Formas-publikation. - Stockholm : Forskningsrådet Formas. - 1653-3003. ; , s. 113-118, s. 111-118
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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