| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Dawidson, Karin E. K., 1975-
(författare)
-
Property fragmentation : Redistribution of land and housing during the Romanian democratisation process
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of democratisation in the early 1990s, the governments in Central and East Europe (CEE) had to decide how to deal with property that had been confiscated under state socialism. Nationalised housing and collectivised land were to a varying extent returned to former owners and their heirs by means of restitution, as well as being distributed to other citizens who were in possession of the users’ rights to such properties. This thesis examines the spatial impacts, in terms of ownership patterns, of the way the redistribution of nationalised housing and collectivised land has been dealt with politically and at the local level in post-socialist Romania. It also locates the Romanian property reforms in relation to those of the rest of CEE. The impact of political directives on the property redistribution is analysed in relation to both structural influences, such as democratisation and antecedent property regimes, and implementation patterns in varied place-contexts. The thesis demonstrates that restitution was stifled due to disagreements between leftist and rightist political blocs, with the latter arguing for restitution whilst their opponents wrote the first restitution laws. A re-privatisation law allowed for the public sale of nationalised housing to tenants and thereby blocked the implementation of a restitution law, thus constituting a dilemma for constitutional democracy. In liberal place-contexts in West Romania, these obstacles to housing restitution were in part avoided. By contrast, land restitution was most widespread in the east, a stronghold of the left. This was because the legislation gives priority to restitution in areas of this kind, where smaller land-holdings dominated prior to 1945. The left-wing government pursued an electoral strategy of distributing small properties to a large number of citizens, and to current users in particular. This resulted in a fragmentation of historical property.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lind Nilsson, Iréne
(författare)
-
Ledarskap i kris, kaos och omställning : En empirisk studie av chefer i företag och förvaltning
- 2001
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past years, organizations have now and again found themselves in situations characterized by crisis, chaos, and change. These situations are the result, among other things, of social changes like technological developments, internationalization, fluctuating economies, and shifts in values. These developments affect the structures and tasks of organizations, and raise demands for new work methods and skills, which in turn places utmost demands on managers in their key roles within their organizations. The empirical study consists of 20 interviews with people in management positions in business and administration. The thesis sets out to examine how managers apprehend crisis, chaos, and change as phenomena, and how they handle such situations. Since the research approach is inductive and influenced by grounded theory, the results are progressively elucidated by explanatory theories that aim at increasing understanding for the findings. The study shows that the handling of critical situations calls for explicit rules of the game in the organization, i.e., that the conditions and prerequisites be of such character that they facilitate a manager's scope for action and that there is concordance between responsibility and powers. Managers' actions should be characterized by a strategic approach, communicative ability, and personal maturity. Knowledge of phases of crisis and human reactions also helps to facilitate management. The manager's own driving forces, specialist support in and out- side the organization, and factors that consist of reflective communication with co-workers, managerial group, and networks are also important. Carefully planned and well thought-out management recruitment and development and educational activities are likewise of great importance. Outcomes of a positive nature subsequent to the interviewees' handling of crisis, chaos, and change lead to increased effectiveness, improved cooperation, and learning in the organization.
|
|
