| 1. |
- Arapovic, Lidija, et al.
(författare)
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Age Rather Than Supplementation with Oat β-Glucan Influences Development of the Intestinal Microbiota and SCFA Concentrations in Suckling Piglets
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - 2076-2615. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of early supplementation with oat β-glucan during the suckling period on piglet gut microbiota composition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and gut physiological markers were assessed. Fifty piglets from five litters, balanced for sex and birth weight, were divided within litters into two treatment groups: β-glucan and control. Piglets in the β-glucan group received the supplement three times/week from day 7 of age until weaning. Rectal swab samples were collected from 10 piglets per treatment group (balanced across litters) from week 1 to week 4, and plasma samples were collected at 1, 3, and 4 weeks of age. Additional samples of intestinal tissues and jugular and portal vein plasma were collected from 10 animals at weaning (one per treatment group and litter). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition in rectal swabs were mainly influenced by piglet age, rather than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters and several correlations between concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and specific microbial taxa in rectal swabs. Overall, β-glucan supplementation did not have any clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, whereas a clear age-related pattern emerged.
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| 2. |
- Lindberg, Jan Erik
(författare)
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Review: Nutrient and energy supply in monogastric food producing animals with reduced environmental and climatic footprint and improved gut health
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With more efficient utilisation of dietary nutrients and energy, diversified production systems, modifications of diet composition with respect to feedstuffs included and the use of free amino acids, the negative impact of animal food production on the environment and climate can be reduced. Accurate requirements for nutrients and energy for animals with differing physiological needs, and the use of robust and accurate feed evaluation systems are key for more efficient feed utilisation. Data on CP and amino acid requirements in pigs and poultry indicate that it should be possible to implement indispensable amino acid-balanced diets with low- or reduced-protein content without any reduction in animal performance. Potential feed resources, not competing with human food security, can be derived from the traditional food- and agroindustry, such as various waste streams and co-products of different origins. In addition, novel feedstuffs emerging from aquaculture, biotechnology and innovative new technologies may have potential to provide the lack of indispensable amino acids in organic animal food production. High fibre content is a nutritional limitation of using waste streams and co-products as feed for monogastric animals as it is associated with decreased nutrient digestibility and reduced dietary energy values. However, minimum levels of dietary fibre are needed to maintain the normal physiological function of the gastro-intestinal tract. Moreover, there may be positive effects of fibre in the diet such as improved gut health, increased satiety, and an overall improvement of behaviour and well-being.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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| 3. |
- Lindberg, Jan Erik
(författare)
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Comparative chemical composition and rumen degradation of common reed and elephant grass in urban/peri-urban dairying systems in Uganda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2168-3565 .- 2168-3573.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban/peri-urban dairying in East Africa used to be typified by elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumach) as the primary forage. However, the ever-declining space for farming has made forage cultivation increasingly difficult. As a coping strategy, farmers are harvesting vegetation biomass from natural environment, particularly common reed (Phragmites australis, Cav.) from wetlands. This study aimed to compare elephant grass and common reed in terms of chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation. Samples were collected (in dry and wet seasons) and analyzed for chemical composition, and in situ rumen degradation of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) determined. Rumen degradation was determined by incubating triplicate nylon-bagged samples in rumens of three cannulated Ankole-Friesian crossbred steers. The CP content ranged from 10.8% to 16.2% DM (common reed), and 9.9-12.5% DM (elephant grass). Common reed showed lower DM, and ADF compositions, and higher effective rumen degradability of DM, CP, and NDF in both seasons. For both forages, CP content was higher during the dry season, while effective rumen degradability of DM, CP, and NDF were higher in the wet season. In summary, the chemical and rumen degradation results suggest that common reed may be nutritionally superior to elephant grass.
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| 4. |
- Lindroth, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding and Management of Horses with and without Free Faecal Liquid: A Case-Control Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Horses with free faecal liquid defecate in one solid and one liquid phase, and the liquid phase can be a concern for the horse owner and veterinarians. The causes of free faecal liquid are unknown, but previous studies have indicated that feed ration composition may play an important role in the occurrence of the condition. A study comparing feed rations, feeding practices and management factors for horses with and without free faecal liquid was performed. Horses without free faecal liquid were reported to have a lower daily intake of starch and sugar and a higher daily intake of protein and fibre compared to horses with free faecal liquid. Horses with and without free faecal liquid were fed similar amounts of wrapped forages and were subject to the same management practices. The reported differences may be of importance for the condition, but further studies are required to establish if its occurrence is due to specific feeding regimens. Free faecal liquid (FFL) in horses is characterised by the excretion of faeces in two phases (one solid and one liquid), which may cause dermatitis on the hindlegs. The causes of FFL are not known. Results from previous studies have indicated that feed ration composition and management factors may play important roles in the occurrence of FFL. A case-control study was therefore performed in which data on feed rations, feeding practices and management factors were compared between horses with (case) and without (control) FFL on 50 private farms in Sweden and Norway. The comparisons show that case and control horses were reported to be fed similar average amounts of wrapped forage (p = 0.97) and to be subject to similar management practices, but case horses were fed higher proportions of concentrates in their diet (p < 0.001) and lower average amounts of straw and lucerne (p < 0.05) compared to control horses. Case horses were reported to be fed twice as much concentrate per 100 kg BW and day as control horses and a higher daily intake of starch and water-soluble carbohydrates (p < 0.05). Case horses also had a lower daily intake of digestible crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared to control horses (p < 0.05). These differences were small but are of interest for further studies of factors causing FFL.
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| 5. |
- Verbeek, Else, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour that causes stress, injury and pain. Given the critical role of the gut-microbiota in the development of behavioural problems in humans and animals, the aim of this study was to determine whether pigs that are biters, victims of tail biting or controls (nine matched sets of pigs) have a different microbiota composition, diversity and microbial metabolite profile. We collected faecal and blood samples from each individual for analysis. The gut microbiota composition was most different between the biter and the control pigs, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in tail biter pigs than the controls. Furthermore, we detected differences in faecal and plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles between the biter and victim pigs, suggesting physiological differences even though they are kept in the same pen. Thus, in addition to supporting an association between the gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs, this study also provides the first evidence of an association between tail biting and SCFA. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations, to determine causality and to study how the SCFA profiles of an individual play a role in the development of tail biting behaviour.
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| 6. |
- Lindroth, Katrin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Defecation of Solid and Liquid Phases in Horses-A Descriptive Survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Free faecal liquid is a condition in horses where faeces are voided in one solid and one liquid phase. The presence of free faecal liquid may cause management problems in equine husbandry and is potentially contributing to impaired equine welfare. Causes of free faecal liquid are not known, but nutritional factors such as the feeding of specific forages have been suggested to be of importance. Characterization of horses showing free faecal liquid and their feeding and management was, therefore, performed via an internet-based survey in order to map the condition further. Results showed that horses with free faecal liquid included a large variety of different breeds, ages, disciplines, coat colours, housing systems and feeding strategies, meaning that almost any type of horse could be affected. Horses that were reported to show free faecal liquid did so with all types of feeding strategies, but changes from wrapped forage to hay, to pasture, or to another batch of wrapped forage often resulted in diminished signs of free faecal liquid. Horses were also reported to have a comparably high incidence of colic in relation to published data for other horse populations. The results indicated that more detailed studies are required for a further understanding of the underlying cause of free faecal liquid.Abstract Free faecal liquid (FFL) is a condition in horses where faeces are voided in one solid and one liquid phase. The liquid phase contaminates the tail, hindlegs and area around the anus of the horse, resulting in management problems and potentially contributing to impaired equine welfare. The underlying causes are not known, but anecdotal suggestions include feeding wrapped forages or other feed- or management-related factors. Individual horse factors may also be associated with the presence of FFL. This study, therefore, aimed to characterize horses showing FFL particularly when fed wrapped forages, and to map the management and feeding strategies of these horses. Data were retrieved by a web-based survey, including 339 horses with FFL. A large variety of different breeds, ages, disciplines, coat colours, housing systems and feeding strategies were represented among the horses in the study, meaning that any type of horse could be affected. Respondents were asked to indicate if their horse had diminished signs of FFL with different changes in forage feeding. Fifty-eight percent (n = 197) of the horse owners reported diminished signs of FFL in their horses when changing from wrapped forages to hay; 46 (n = 156) of the horse owners reported diminished signs of FFL in their horses when changing from wrapped forages to pasture; 17% (n = 58) reported diminished signs of FFL when changing from any type of forage batch to any other forage. This indicated that feeding strategy may be of importance, but cannot solely explain the presence of FFL. The results also showed that the horses in this study had a comparably high incidence of previous colic (23%, n = 78) compared to published data from other horse populations. In conclusion, the results showed that FFL may affect a large variety of horse types and that further studies should include detailed data on individual horse factors including gastrointestinal diseases as well as feeding strategies, in order to increase the chance of finding causes of FFL.
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| 7. |
- Mmanda, Francis Pius, et al.
(författare)
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Fish farming in Tanzania : the availability and nutritive value of local feed ingredients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Aquaculture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1045-4438 .- 1545-0805. ; 32:4, s. 341-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An investigative field survey was performed to gather baseline data on locally available feed ingredients and fish farming practices in different regions of Tanzania. More than 80% of respondents relied on locally available feed ingredients as a major feed supplement for their cultured fish, with maize bran being the most commonly used feed ingredient in all regions. Crude protein content in most analyzed local feed ingredients was medium-high, while crude fat content was high in some animal and agricultural by-products, and medium-low in other ingredients. Most respondents were males and the majority of fish farms were owned by individuals. Earthen pond was the most common fish farming system in all regions except Dar es Salaam. Semi-intensively mixed-sex tilapia monoculture was the dominating fish farming practice. The results of the survey presented provide a good platform for future development of culture systems and feeding strategies for tilapia in Tanzania.
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| 8. |
- Müller, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Demographics, body condition scores and feeding of aged horses (>= 20 years of age) - a Swedish survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proportion of aged horses (>= 20 years old) is increasing in several horse populations, but knowledge of if any nutritional requirements change with age is scarce. An internet-based survey directed towards owners of horses >= 20 years of age was conducted, in order to collect data on demographics, body condition scores (BCS) and feeding practices of aged horses. Total complete responses included were 1443. Approximately 70% of the horses were 20-25 years old, 24% was 26-30 years old and the remaining proportion 31-42 years old. Approximately 40 different breeds were represented. Geldings comprised 57%, mares 42% and stallions 1% of the study population. A majority of the respondents reported moderate to ideal BCS in their horse. Validation of respondent assessment of BCS was performed for 21 horses, where kappa coefficient for agreement was 0.35. Respondents generally underestimated the BCS of their horse. Average age was higher in the lowest BCS compared to higher BCS. Average amount of forage fed daily was 1.5 kg DM per 100 kg BW (sd 0.48 kg per 100 kg BW), and average amount of concentrates fed daily was 0.11 kg per 100 kg BW (sd 0.160 kg per100 kg BW). Commonly used feeds were haylage and commercial concentrates. Horses with BCS 1 (n = 1), 2 (n = 19), 3 (n = 48) and 4 (n = 14) were calculated to be fed 64, 99, 108 and 127% of their estimated theoretical requirement of metabolisable energy (ME), indicating that aged horses may require about 1.1 the theoretical ME requirement to keep a desired BCS. However, controlled studies are required for further insights of if, and how, energy requirements change with increasing age in horses.
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| 9. |
- Pius Mmanda, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Digestibility of local feed ingredients in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles, determined on faeces collected by siphoning or stripping
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fishes. - : MDPI AG. - 2410-3888. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight locally available protein source ingredients in Tanzania were selected for assessment of apparent digestibility (AD) in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, using faeces samples collected by siphoning or stripping. The selected protein source ingredients were Lake Victoria sardines (FM), brewers spent yeast (BSY), moringa leaves (ML), freshwater shrimp (FSH), marine shrimp (MSH), cattle blood (CB), duckweed (DW) and fish frames (FF). The AD (%) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was unaffected (p > 0.782–0.901) by the faeces collection method (i.e., siphoning or stripping), with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98, 0.99 and 0.93 between AD values for DM, OM and CP, respectively, following siphoning and stripping. The AD (%) of DM, OM, CP and gross energy (GE) in the test ingredients differed (p < 0.0001). The AD (%) of DM and OM was lowest in BSY and DW, followed in increasing order by ML, MSH, FF, FSH and CB. In general, the AD (%) of CP was high (>76%), but with a low value (46%) for DW. The AD (%) of GE was closely correlated (r = 0.96) with the AD of OM. In conclusion, FSH, MSH, CB, FF, BSY and ML have acceptable protein digestibility to be used in tilapia diet formulation.
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| 10. |
- Pius Mmanda, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing fish meal with locally available feed ingredients to reduce feed costs in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Livestock Research For Rural Development. - 0121-3784. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 60-day growth trial was conducted to evaluate growth performance, nutrient utilisation, carcass traits and feeding costs in Nile tilapia juveniles (1.47± 0.31 g body weight) fed diets in which 50% of fishmeal dry matter (DM) in the reference diet (REFD) was replaced with cattle blood, fish frames, freshwater shrimp or brewery spent yeast on a DM basis. The fish were fed 10% of body weight three times a day for the first 30 days, and then 5% of body weight twice a day for the remaining 30 days of the feeding trial. Due to high feed intake, the highest weight gain, final weight and average daily weight gain were recorded in fish fed REFD. Feed conversion ratio was lower in the diet with cattle blood than in the other diets and the protein efficiency ratio were higher for REFD than for the other diets. There were no differences in survival rate, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index between treatments. Initial and final whole body composition differed, but there were no differences in carcass traits between treatments. Feed costs per kg feed and feed costs per weight gain were reduced when fishmeal was replaced with locally available feed ingredients, with the largest reduction in feed costs per kg feed (34%) and per weight gain (27.1%) obtained with brewery spent yeast. The results indicate that the economics of small-scale tilapia production in Tanzania can be improved by replacing fishmeal with good-quality, low-cost, locally available feed ingredients.
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