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- Arthur, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of volcanism on Scandinavian climate and human societies during the Holocene: Insights into the Fimbulwinter eruptions (536/540 AD)
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent paleoclimatic research has revealed that volcanic events around 536–540 AD caused severe, short-term global cooling. For this same period, archeological research from various regions evidences significant cultural transformation. However, there is still a lack of understanding of how human societies responded and adapted to extreme climate variability and new circumstances. This study focuses on the effects of the 536/540 AD volcanic event in four Scandinavian regions by exploring the shift in demographic and land use intensity before, during, and after this abrupt climate cooling. To achieve this, we performed climate simulations with and without volcanic eruptions using a dynamically downscaled climate model (iLOVECLIM) at a high resolution (0.25° or ~25 km). We integrated the findings with a comprehensive collection of radiocarbon dates from excavated archeological sites across various Scandinavian regions. Our Earth System Model simulates pronounced cooling (maximum ensemble mean −1.1°C), an abrupt reduction in precipitation, and a particularly acute drop in growing degree days (GDD0) after the volcanic event, which can be used to infer likely impacts on agricultural productivity. When compared to the archeological record, we see considerable regional diversity in the societal response to this sudden environmental event. As a result, this study provides a more comprehensive insight into the demographic chronology of Scandinavia and a deeper understanding of the land-use practices its societies depended on during the 536/540 AD event. Our results suggest that this abrupt climate anomaly amplified a social change already in progress.
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| 3. |
- Hatlestad, Kailin
(författare)
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Exploring Uncertainty and Significance : Analysing Human Response to Environmental Risk with Computational Archaeology
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As humanity confronts the escalating challenges posed by rapid climate change, it becomes increasingly urgent to understand the complex dynamics of human-environment interactions to mitigate its multifaceted impacts. Archaeology, with its long-term perspective, offers the opportunity to examine past societal responses to environmental risks across diverse locations in Northwestern Europe and temporal scales. This dissertation aims to contribute to this critical endeavour by exploring the socio-environmental dynamics and adaptive strategies of past societies, to inform effective responses to climate change challenges in both the present and future. Utilizing computational archaeology, which integrates digital technologies and computational methods to analyse big data, the dissertation employs probabilistic approaches, including Bayesian modelling like summed probability distributions of radiocarbon (14C) data, to confront uncertainties inherent in reconstructing past human-environmental dynamics from interdisciplinary datasets. Additionally, quantitative methods, such as correlation tests and null hypothesis testing of 14C data, are employed to identify significant shifts in these dynamics, translating insights into quantitative terms for enhanced integration with policy-making processes. The primary objective of the dissertation is to illustrate how the integration of archaeological and environmental big data can enrich the understanding of human responses to environmental challenges. The papers in this thesis demonstrate how computational methods can be applied to big data to understand spatiotemporal changes in human-environmental variables, uncovering risk management strategies and societal vulnerabilities. The papers highlight cases where human communities experienced mitigated adverse effects from severe environmental shifts due to diverse socioeconomic strategies. Simultaneously, the results emphasize regional variations in the impacts of climate change, crucial for understanding the effectiveness of human responses. Moreover, the thesis exhibits how big data analytics both complement and challenge existing archaeological interpretations, contributing to the development of new theories. Importantly, it underscores the significance of diverse socioeconomic strategies in mitigating risks, especially in the face of abrupt environmental events.
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- Lindholm, Johan, Professor of Law, 1977-
(författare)
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Putting the lex into lex sportiva : the principle of legality in sports
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: The European roots of the lex sportiva. - Oxford : Hart Publishing Ltd. - 9781509971442 - 9781509971459 - 9781509971466 - 9781509971473 ; , s. 41-68
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution aims to explain the puzzling finding that the principle of legality is one of the general principles included in sports’ transnational legal order, also known as lex sportiva. It follows from the case law of the Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS) that the principle applies to and limits the power of sports governing bodies to govern their respective sports. This development can partially be explained by the demands of national and international state-based legal orders, and primarily European ones, but not exclusively. The chapter argues that adopting a thicker understanding of legality is ultimately in the interests of sports, sports actors and transnational sports law.
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| 7. |
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The European roots of the lex sportiva : how Europe rules global sport
- 2024. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This open access book explores the complexity of the lex sportiva, the transnational legal regime governing international sports. Pioneering in its approach, it maps out the many entanglements of the transnational governance of sports with European legal processes and norms. The contributors trace the embeddedness of the lex sportiva within national law, European Union law and the European Convention on Human Rights. While the volume emphasizes the capacity of sports governing bodies to leverage the resources of national law to spread the lex sportivaglobally, it also points at the fact that European legal processes are central when challenging the status quo as illustrated recently in the Semenya and Superleague cases. Ultimately, the book is also a vantage point to start critically investigating the Eurocentricity and the complex materiality underpinning the lex sportiva.
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| 9. |
- Hultqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2023
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Ingår i: The power to tax in Europe. - Oxford; London; New York; New Delhi; Sydney : Hart Publishing Ltd. - 9781509964017 - 9781509964048 - 9781509964031 ; , s. 1-2
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Lindholm, Johan, Professor of Law, 1977-
(författare)
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Requiring good governance from private regulators : what about the rest of us after ESL and ISU?
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Sports Law Journal. - : Springer. - 1567-7559 .- 2213-5154. ; 23:4, s. 460-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On January 21, 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued two judgments on European Union (EU) law as a check on the regulatory power of sport governing bodies: European Super League (ESL) and International Skating Union (ISU). These judgments clarify that private entities who wield regulatory power are under EU law subject to what can be characterized as good governance requirements. After examining how ESL and ISUenhance substantive and procedural good governance, this article explores who benefits—and more importantly who does not benefit—from these good governance requirements. While there is some ambiguity in the judgments regarding the scope of the good governance requirements, the article argues that they both can and ought to be applied broadly to all who enjoy rights under EU law.
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