| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Situationsförhållanden vid suicid på tågplattformar : En analys med hjälp av material från övervakningskameror (CCTV)
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Självmord är ett allvarligt folkhälsoproblem. Varje år sker omkring 1100 konstaterade suicid i Sverige och uppskattningsvis sker cirka 10 % av samtliga fall inom transitsystemet. Under åren 2012–2014 skedde i genomsnitt 95 fall av suicid per år enbart inom järnvägs- och tunnelbanesystemet. Förutom förlust av liv eller allvarliga skador medför självmord i transportmiljöer höga kostnader till följd av trauma för förare och vittnen samt serviceförseningar. Forskning visar att begränsning av medel och metoder är en insatstyp som kan minska suicid. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka möjligheten att använda inspelat material (film och bild) från övervakningskameror (CCTV) vid tunnelbane- och pendeltågsstationer runt om i Stockholm för att ta fram fördjupad kunskap om händelseförloppet som leder fram till en suicidal handling. Inom ramen för studien analyserade och kategoriserade vi situationer och förhållanden runt suicid som sker i tunnelbane- och pendeltågstationer. Genom ökad kunskap om dessa situationer är tanken att kunna bidra med underlag till utformningen av lämpliga förebyggande åtgärder.Studien har finansierats av Folkhälsomyndigheten genom uppdraget att vara nationell samordnande myndighet för arbetet med att förebygga suicid på nationell nivå. Författarna är Vania Ceccato (KTH) i samarbetet med Ulla-Karin Nyberg (SLL), Katerina Vrotsou (Linköping universitet), Douglas Wiebe (Pennsylvania University) och Arne Grundberg (SL).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Nyberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Response of Induced Perturbation on Replicating beta-Proteobacterial Ammonia-Oxidizing Populations in Soil
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-3628 .- 1432-184X. ; 63, s. 701-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The short-term response of induced perturbation by 4-ethylphenol on beta-proteobacterial ammonia oxidizers (beta-AOB) was investigated in two soils with initial differences in community structure. The hypotheses were that short-term effects of a disturbance of the AOB community is best monitored by specifically looking at the active populations and that soils with dissimilar active AOB populations would display different degree of resistance or resilience. Two soils from a previously characterized long-term field study fertilized with manure or sewage sludge was used. Soil microcosms were incubated in the laboratory over 15 days. The substrate-induced ammonia oxidation was measured, and the composition of beta-AOB communities was determined by PCR-DGGE of specific beta-AOB 16S rRNA gene fragments. Actively replicating members of the beta-AOB were distinguished by the use of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocapture. This approach demonstrated that only a minor fraction of the total AOB community was active. Exposure to 4-ethylphenol resulted in approximately 90% lowered substrate-induced ammonia oxidation rates in both soils. This activity inhibition was not accompanied by shifts in beta-AOB community structure when total beta-AOB DNA was studied. By contrast, changes were seen in the DGGE banding pattern of the BrdU-labeled community DNA after 4-ethylphenol addition in the manure-fertilized soil. In the sewage sludge fertilized soil, the banding pattern of the BrdU-labeled beta-AOB remained unchanged, but bands were weaker after the disturbance. In conclusion, it was shown that BrdU immunocapture was applicable to detect shifts in community composition among replicating beta-AOB populations in soil. However, this was not reflected by the soils' ammonia oxidation capacity to resist to or recover from the induced perturbation suggesting that rapid population shifts may not influence soil functioning in a short-term perspective.
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| 4. |
- Enwall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term impact of fertilization on activity and composition of bacterial communities and metabolic guilds in agricultural soil
- 2007
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 39:1, s. 106-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore long-term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on microbial communities, we targeted both the total bacterial community and the autotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil from six treatments at an experimental field site established in 1956: cattle manure, sewage sludge, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4, unfertilized and unfertilized without crops. All plots, except the bare fallows, were cropped with maize. Effects on activity were assessed by measuring the basal respiration and substrate induced respiration (SIR) rates, and the potential activity of the AOB. To determine the bacterial community composition, 16S rRNA genes were used to fingerprint total soil communities by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and AOB communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The fertilization regimes had clear effects on both activity and composition of the soil communities. Basal respiration and r, which was kinetically derived as the exponentially growing fraction of the SIR-response, correlated well with the soil organic C content (r=0.93 and 0.66, respectively). Soil pH ranged from 3.97 to 6.26 in the treatments and was found to be an important factor influencing all microbial activities. pH correlated negatively with the ratio between basal respiration and SIR (r=0.90), indicating a decreased efficiency of heterotrophic microorganisms to convert organic carbon into microbial biomass in the most acid soils with pH 3.97 and 4.68 ((NH4)2SO4 and sewage sludge fertilized plots, respectively). The lowest SIR and ammonia oxidation rates were also found in these treatments. In addition, these treatments exhibited individually different community fingerprints, showing that pH affected the composition of AOB and total bacterial communities. The manure fertilized plots harbored the most diverse AOB community and the pattern was linked to a high potential ammonia oxidation activity. Thus, the AOB community composition appeared to be more strongly linked to the activity than the total bacterial communities were, likely explained by physiological differences in the populations present.
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| 5. |
- Mårtensson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Subcutaneous versus intracutaneous injections of sterile water for labour analgesia : a comparison of perceived pain during administration
- 2000
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 107:10, s. 1248-1251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether, during injections of sterile water, there is any difference in perceived pain between intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections.Design Blind controlled trial with cross-over design.Setting Göteborg and Skövde, Sweden.Participants One hundred healthy female volunteers.Methods The women were randomised into two groups and subjected to two trials, within one week of each other. During the first trial one group ( n= 50 ) received the intracutaneous injection first, followed by the subcutaneous injection. The second group ( n= 50 ) was given the subcutaneous injection first, followed by intracutaneous injection. In both groups all the injections were given in reverse order during the second trial.Main outcome measures Experienced pain during the administration of sterile water injections, measured by visual analogue scale.Results The analysis showed intracutaneous injections to be significantly more painful than subcutaneous injections, even after adjusting for injection day and for left/right site of injection (mean 60.8 vs 41.3, P < 0.001 ).Conclusions The findings suggest that the less painful subcutaneous injection technique should be used.
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