| 1. |
- Grennfelt, Peringe, et al.
(författare)
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Inventering av historiska luftkvalitetsdata från svenska tätorter - Del 3
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Data från tätortsmätningar avseende luftkvalitet från 1960 till början av 1980-talet, som arkiverats vid IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket inventerats och delvis digitaliserats.Arbetet har hittills gjorts i tre etapper, och i rapporten redovisas vad som hittills gjorts samt exempel på hur data kan utnyttjas för olika typer av utvärderingar, till exempel exponeringssituationer och trendanalyser. Digitaliseringen har hittills främst inriktats mot sot och svaveldioxid. Även halter av tungmetaller och svavel på partiklar har digitaliserats men i mindre utsträckning. Utvärderingen har hittills visat att mätningar förekommit på cirka 80 orter och oftast med många mätstationer i varje ort. Mätningarnas tidsmässiga omfattning har varierat från några månader till många år. Halterna var under 1960- och första hälften av 1970-talet avsevärt högre än idag, inte minst för svaveldioxid. Extrema situationer med dygnsmedelvärden på över 400 µg/m3 svaveldioxid uppmättes i bl.a. Göteborg och i flera industriorter med ogynnsamma spridningsförhållanden. Fortsatt arbete med digitalisering kommer bland annat innefatta kvävedioxid.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sjöberg Forssberg, Karin, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing in gender perspectives on systematic occupational safety and health management
- 2022
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article suggests that theories of gender should be considered central concerning the future development of systematic occupational safety and health management in theory and practice. Despite extensive research and legislation, there are still considerable shortcomings in working conditions which indicates difficulties in the implementation of systematic occupational safety and health management. In this article, we address the need for critical analysis that complements more traditional research focusing on health or management. The overall aim is to examine and explain systematic occupational safety and health management in gender-segregated work environments in Sweden, based on theories of doing gender in work organisations. A qualitative methodological approach is used, which includes thematically analysed interviews with inspectors and managers at the Swedish Work Environment Authority. By using a gender-critical analysis several examples of how gendered norms and values complicate and constrain systematic occupational safety and health management are identified. The results pinpoint that these norms and values indirectly contribute to circumscribe essential preconditions for systematic occupational safety and health management procedures and risk leading to difficulties in creating safe and healthy work cultures.
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| 4. |
- Sjöberg Forssberg, Karin, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for workplace learning : a gender divide?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Workplace Learning. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 33:4, s. 302-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss conditions for workplace learning in gender-segregated workplaces in the public sector, how social constructions of gender contribute to (or constrain) the workplace learning conditions within two workplace contexts. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out through an interactive approach with data from 12 semi-structured interviews with workers and first-line managers from technical maintenance and home care in a Swedish municipality, validated at an analysis seminar with 27 participations, from both workplace contexts the Swedish Work Environment Authority and us researchers. Findings: The results indicate that gender affects conditions for workplace learning and contributes to an enabling learning environment in the male-dominated workplace context and to a constraining learning environment in the female-dominated workplace context. The identified differences are created in both organisational structures and the organisations’ cultures. Research limitations/implications: When analysing conditions for workplace learning from a gender perspective, the approach of comparative, cross-case analyses is useful. An interactive approach with women and men describing and analysing their work experiences together with researchers is a fruitful way of making gender visible. Practical implications: The theoretical approach in this study illuminates how social constructions of gender operate and affect conditions for workplace learning and contributes to a deeper understanding of underlying causes to unequal conditions in different workplace contexts. Social implications: The findings imply a gender divide which, from the theoretical strands, can be seen as an expression of asymmetrical power relations and where these gendered learning conditions probably also affect the quality of the services. Originality/value: The findings contribute to existing gender theoretical literature by demonstrating that gender is essential to take into consideration when understanding working conditions in different workplace contexts. This study contributes to workplace learning literature by exploring the different ways in which social constructions of gender contribute to enabling and constraining learning environments. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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| 5. |
- Sjöberg Forssberg, Karin, 1961-
(författare)
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Makt och möjlighet att förändra? : Systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete i könade offentliga verksamheter
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite legislation, regulations and extensive efforts from the Swedish Work Environment Authority, there are major shortcomings in public organisations´ work environments. This thesis describes and deepens the understanding for organisational conditions that contribute to, or constrain, systematic work environment work in gender-segregated public organisations. The thesis is based on four sub-studies, conducted on the basis of an interactive, qualitative approach. Two studies examine how employees, safety representatives and managers in, homecare services and technical maintenance, describe and interpret work environment challenges, gender and organisational conditions for workplace learning, and systematic work environment work. The third study examines how inspectors and managers from the Swedish Work environment Authority perceive these issues based on the experiences of hundreds of inspections in gender-segregated organisations. The fourth study focuses on organisational conditions that enable – and those that constrain – systematic work with gender-aware and gender-equal working methods in a municipality. The fourth study is based on interviews with managers, strategists, employees and politicians. The thesis´s total empirical basis consists of 79 in-depth interviews as well as documentation from dialogue and analysis seminars. The results show that unequal working conditions make work environment work more difficult, and that a good work environment is a matter of power and capacity for change. Strong gender norms constrain systematic work environment work, where mandatory parts such as participation, analysis, documentation, risk assessment and incident reporting are limited due to gender stereotypical norms. Moreover, weak structures for learning limit opportunities for learning and development, as well as opportunities to obtain necessary work environment knowledge. Furthermore, lacking structures for systematic joint learning processes limit opportunities to make visible, and change restrictive gender norms. An overall conclusion is that creating effective systematic work environment work is complex. Effective systematic work environment work is enabled by gender-awareness and organisational change competence, characterised by organisational readiness for learning, supportive structures and a culture that enables learning and change. As gender is going on at different levels, interacting and reinforcing each other, one conclusion is that gender-aware learning processes need to be initiated and implemented at individual, organisational and operational levels. This thesis contributes, theoretically, by combining different fields of research (gender and organisation, situated learning and organisational change) that allows for a novel and in-depth understanding of why systematic work environment work is so difficult. More specifically, combining gender theory with theories of situated learning in communities of practice and organisational change, make power relations visible and deepens the understanding of how women and men learn doing gender, of how failure can be understood, as well as what necessary conditions for systematic work environment work and development towards good working environments are. The results point at a number of challenges, which made visible, can, serve as a starting point for both policy and practice in the work of developing systematic work environment work and thereby good work environments in public operations. The thesis highlights organisational conditions that constrain and enable such work.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-decadal surface ozone trends at globally distributed remote locations.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Elementa. - : University of California Press. - 2325-1026. ; 8:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracting globally representative trend information from lower tropospheric ozone observations is extremely difficult due to the highly variable distribution and interannual variability of ozone, and the ongoing shift of ozone precursor emissions from high latitudes to low latitudes. Here we report surface ozone trends at 27 globally distributed remote locations (20 in the Northern Hemisphere, 7 in the Southern Hemisphere), focusing on continuous time series that extend from the present back to at least 1995. While these sites are only representative of less than 25% of the global surface area, this analysis provides a range of regional long-term ozone trends for the evaluation of global chemistry-climate models. Trends are based on monthly mean ozone anomalies, and all sites have at least 20 years of data, which improves the likelihood that a robust trend value is due to changes in ozone precursor emissions and/or forced climate change rather than naturally occurring climate variability. Since 1995, the Northern Hemisphere sites are nearly evenly split between positive and negative ozone trends, while 5 of 7 Southern Hemisphere sites have positive trends. Positive trends are in the range of 0.5–2 ppbv decade–1, with ozone increasing at Mauna Loa by roughly 50% since the late 1950s. Two high elevation Alpine sites, discussed by previous assessments, exhibit decreasing ozone trends in contrast to the positive trend observed by IAGOS commercial aircraft in the European lower free-troposphere. The Alpine sites frequently sample polluted European boundary layer air, especially in summer, and can only be representative of lower free tropospheric ozone if the data are carefully filtered to avoid boundary layer air. The highly variable ozone trends at these 27 surface sites are not necessarily indicative of free tropospheric trends, which have been overwhelmingly positive since the mid-1990s, as shown by recent studies of ozonesonde and aircraft observations.
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| 9. |
- Fredricsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Nationell luftövervakning – Sakrapport med data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t.o.m. 2017
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket, Luftenheten, ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö i Sverige. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL, SU, SLU och SMHI) till och med 2017 och regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2016.För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 15 och 35 år sedan, generellt sett skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna i regional bakgrund avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider dock i dagsläget MKN för hälsa.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of population exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 and estimated health impacts
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study population exposure to annual mean concentrations of NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air has been quantified, and the health and associated economic consequences have been calculated based on these results. To allow application of known exposure-response functions for assessment of health effects this study exclusively focus on regional and urban background concentrations. Nearly the entire Swedish population was exposed to concentrations below the environmental standards, and 97 %, 78 % and 77 % was exposed to concentrations below the respective specifications of the environmental objective for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. The highest concentrations of NO2 and PM were found in the most polluted central parts of our largest cities.Excess mortality was used as the main health indicator. The total number of excess deaths due to air pollution exposure was estimated to be 7600 in 2015. Of these, we estimated that approximately 3600 deaths per year were associated with exposure to regional background, 900 from local wood burning, 215 due to road dust and approximately 2850 deaths per year from vehicle exhaust.Based on these results the health impacts from exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 were conservatively estimated to cause socio-economic costs of ~56 billion Krona in 2015. Just absence from work and studies was estimated to cause socio-economic costs of ~0.4% of GDP in Sweden.
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