| 1. |
- Jarl, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Medical net cost of low alcohol consumption - a cause to reconsider improved health as the link between alcohol and wage?
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-7547. ; 7:17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies have found a positive effect of low/moderate alcohol consumption on wages. This has often been explained by referring to epidemiological research showing that alcohol has protective effects on certain diseases, i.e., the health link is normally justified using selected epidemiological information. Few papers have tested this link between alcohol and health explicitly, including all diseases where alcohol has been shown to have either a protective or a detrimental effect.Aim: Based on the full epidemiological information, we study the effect of low alcohol consumption on health, in order to determine if it is reasonable to explain the positive effect of low consumption on wages using the epidemiological literature.Methods: We apply a non-econometrical cost-of-illness approach to calculate the medical care cost and episodes attributable to low alcohol consumption.Results: Low alcohol consumption carries a net cost for medical care and there is a net benefit only for the oldest age group (80+). Low alcohol consumption also causes more episodes in medical care then what is saved, although inpatient care for women and older men show savings. Conclusion: Using health as an explanation in the alcohol-wage literature appears invalid when applying the full epidemiological information instead of selected information.
|
|
| 2. |
- Jarl, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
The societal cost of alcohol consumption: an estimation of the economic and human cost including health effects in Sweden, 2002
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7601 .- 1618-7598. ; 9:4, s. 351-360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article estimates the societal cost of alcohol consumption in Sweden in 2002, as well as the effects on health and quality of life. The estimation includes direct costs, indirect costs and intangible costs. Relevant cost-of-illness methods are applied using the human capital method and prevalence-based estimates, as suggested in existing international guidelines, allowing cautious comparison with prior studies. The results show that the net cost (i.e. including protective effects of alcohol consumption) is 20.3 billion Swedish kronor (SEK) and the gross cost (counting only detrimental effects) is 29.4 billon (0.9 and 1.3% of GDP). Alcohol consumption is estimated to cause a net loss of 121,800 QALYs. The results are within the range found in prior studies, although at the low end. A large number of sensitivity analyses are performed, indicating a sensitivity range of 50%.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara, et al.
(författare)
-
Social problems from drinking in the Swedish general population: Measurement and reliability
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa healthcare. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 103-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The paper constructs and tests summary measures for different areas of alcohol-related problems, using general population data. The main emphasis is on the rather unexplored area of measuring social harm from drinking. Methods: The data analysed is a Swedish national survey on drinking behaviour and related consequences, collected in 2002 by means of telephone interviews with 5469 adult Swedes. In total, 38 items on both personal and social problems by respondents attributed to their drinking were subjected to factor analysis in order to identify different problem areas for which summary measures could be constructed. The psychometric properties of the measures were then tested. Results: In line with others’ findings, the problem items tended to load on a single factor. After Varimax rotation, 11 factors were built, only in part fitting a logical conceptual pattern. In the light both of the dimensions identified in the factor analysis and of face validity, measures of five areas of alcohol-related problems were constructed: impaired self-control, chronic health problems, public disorder, interpersonal problems and alcohol-related social problems. The last measure is a summary scale including both items covered by public disorder and interpersonal problems scales, as well as a few other items. In terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability (analysing a smaller sample from a test–retest pilot study), the five measures showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: In the light of others’ findings, the measures developed here seem to be more consistent and reliable than a number of other scales. In order to establish comparability, it seems reasonable to develop and test similar measures across different drinking cultures and, perhaps, modify them thereafter.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara
(författare)
-
Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT): What does it screen? : Performance of the AUDIT against four different criteria in the general population sample
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 41:14, s. 1881-1899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article was to examine the kinds of alcohol use disorder the AUDIT most accurately screens for since the literature is inconsistent in the use of the AUDIT. Sometimes it is viewed as a measure of hazardous or harmful drinking and sometimes as a measure of dependence. The performance of its subsets (consumption items, AUDIT-C; and problem items, AUDIT-P) and of the full AUDIT (AUDIT-10) was tested against four criteria: high-volume drinking, alcohol-related social problems, alcohol-related health problems, and alcohol dependence. A general population sample of 600 Swedish subjects was interviewed during the winter 2000–01. The results document that, at the recommended cutoff score of 8+, the AUDIT-10 performed well against all four criteria, even if less well against the alcohol-related health problems. The AUDIT-C also performed well against all the problem criteria, showing high areas under the ROC curve, even though significantly lower than the full scale. When measuring high-volume drinking, the AUDIT-C outperformed the full instrument. Scoring at least 1 on the AUDIT-P improved sensitivity of the instrument when screening for social problems and dependence and made it a satisfactory measure of health problems. It is suggested that, when using the full AUDIT to screen for problems more severe than high-volume drinking, the criterion of scoring at least 1 on the AUDIT-P should be applied in combination with a cutoff score on the AUDIT-C.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hradilova Selin, Klara, 1969-
(författare)
-
Measuring harm from drinking in Sweden : Self-reports from drinkers in the general population
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are several traditions of conceptualizing and measuring harm from drinking. Two main approaches are considered in the introduction – the psychiatric epidemiology and the social survey research traditions. The present thesis adopts the latter, although, as discussed, on the empirical level there is no sharp borderline between the two perspectives, as there is not between personal (i.e. physical and psychological) and social harm from drinking as such. But while methods for studying personal harm are fairly well developed, social harm, i.e. adverse consequences of alcohol that involve social interaction, has received less attention. One of the aims of the thesis has been to explore different dimensions of harm from drinking, identify different harm areas and develop and apply area-specific measures using general population survey data.Two papers examine psychometric properties of a widely used screening instrument, the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test). While the first paper is concerned with the validity of the AUDIT, testing it against different criteria, the second paper focuses on the test-retest reliability of the instrument. In the third paper, a number of summary measures of different areas of alcohol-related harm are constructed using factor analysis. These measures are then, in the last paper, applied to estimate prevalence and risk of alcohol-related harm in the Swedish general population. The analyses are based on data from a national survey on drinking problems in Sweden collected in 2001-2002.It is concluded that the AUDIT screens well for both impaired self-control and social harm from drinking (as well as for high volume drinking), but performs less well when screening for health problems. The test-retest reliability of the AUDIT is relatively high. In the other two papers, constructing new summary measures and applying them to estimate prevalence of harm, it is concluded that, except for being young, no particular sociodemographic risk groups can be identified for different areas of harm from the same level and pattern of drinking. To what extent this reflects reality or is an effect of the methods we use and kind of population we reach in surveys is discussed.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
