| 1. |
- Berg, Malin, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized study comparing the nutritional effects of radiotherapy with cetuximab versus cisplatin in patients with advanced head and neck cancer
- 2024
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Ingår i: HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 46:4, s. 760-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHead and neck cancer (HNC) patients have a high risk of developing malnutrition. This randomized study aimed to compare the effect of weekly cisplatin or cetuximab combined with radiotherapy on weight loss at 3 months after treatment was started. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, feeding tube dependence and health related quality of life from a nutritional perspective.MethodsPatients from the ARTSCAN III study with advanced HNC were assessed for weight, body composition, enteral tube dependence and selected quality-of-life scores (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35) at diagnosis and 6 weeks 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation.ResultsOf the 80 patients, 38 and 42 were randomized to receive cetuximab and cisplatin treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference in weight loss at 3 months between the two study groups. However, the cetuximab group had significantly less weight loss, fewer enteral feeding tubes and better physical functioning at the end of treatment but more pain-related problems 3 months after treatment initiation. No differences between the groups were found at 6 and 12 months. The prevalence of malnutrition was not significantly different at any time point.ConclusionThe hypothesized benefit of concomitant treatment with cetuximab over cisplatin regarding the prevalence of malnutrition was not supported by this study.
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| 2. |
- Plate, John, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3 in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and in healthy controls: a semiquantitative image analysis of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine-stained esophageal biopsies
- 2024
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Ingår i: DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) share many histopathological features; therefore, markers for differentiation are of diagnostic interest and may add to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The nitrergic system is upregulated in GERD and probably also in EoE. Esophageal biopsies of patients with EoE (n = 20), GERD (n = 20), and healthy volunteers (HVs) (n = 15) were exposed to antibodies against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3. The stained object glasses were randomized, digitized, and blindly analyzed regarding the expression of DAB (3,3 '-diaminobenzidine) by a protocol developed in QuPath software. A statistically significant overexpression of iNOS was observed in patients with any of the two inflammatory diseases compared with that in HVs. Eotaxin-3 could differentiate HVs versus inflammatory states. Gastroesophageal reflux patients displayed the highest levels of nitrotyrosine. Neither iNOS nor nitrotyrosine alone were able to differentiate between the two diseases. For that purpose, eosinophil peroxidase was a better candidate, as the mean levels increased stepwise from HVs via GERD to EoE. iNOS and nitrotyrosine are significantly overexpressed in patients with EoE and GERD compared with healthy controls, but only eosinophil peroxidase could differentiate the two types of esophagitis. The implications of the finding of the highest levels of nitrotyrosine among gastroesophageal reflux patients are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Albinsson, Sofie, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular distribution of galectin-10 in the esophageal mucosa of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 212:2, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD16+ eosinophils and large amounts of extracellular vesicles containing galectin-10, a T-cell suppressive eosinophil protein, were found in the esophageal mucosa of patients with active eosinophilic esophagitis. Both the CD16+ eosinophils and the released galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles disappeared in successfully treated patients but remained in the mucosa of the non-responders to treatment. Eosinophilic esophagitis is a T-cell-driven allergic condition hallmarked by eosinophil infiltration of the esophagus. Eosinophils exposed to proliferating T cells release galectin-10 and have T-cell suppressive function in vitro. The aims of this study were to evaluate if eosinophils co-localize with T cells and release galectin-10 in the esophagus of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Esophageal biopsies from 20 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were stained for major basic protein, galectin-10, CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD81 and analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy before and after topical corticosteroid treatment. CD4+ T-cell numbers decreased in the esophageal mucosa of responders to treatment but not in the non-responders. Suppressive (CD16+) eosinophils were present in the esophageal mucosa of patients with active disease and decreased after successful treatment. Unexpectedly, eosinophils and T cells were not in direct contact with each other. Instead, the esophageal eosinophils released large amounts of galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles and featured cytoplasmic projections that contained galectin-10, both of which disappeared from the esophagus of the responders but remained in the non-responders. To conclude, the presence of CD16+ eosinophils together with the massive release of galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles in the esophageal mucosa might indicate that eosinophils exert T-cell suppression in eosinophilic esophagitis.
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| 4. |
- Kenny, Gavin G., et al.
(författare)
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A Late Paleocene age for Greenland’s Hiawatha impact structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ~31-km-wide Hiawatha structure, located beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwestern Greenland, has been proposed as an impact structure that may have formed after the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To date the structure, we conducted 40Ar/39Ar analyses on glaciofluvial sand and U-Pb analyses on zircon separated from glaciofluvial pebbles of impact melt rock, all sampled immediately downstream of Hiawatha Glacier. Unshocked zircon in the impact melt rocks dates to ~1915 million years (Ma), consistent with felsic intrusions found in local bedrock. The 40Ar/39Ar data indicate Late Paleocene resetting and shocked zircon dates to 57.99 ± 0.54 Ma, which we interpret as the impact age. Consequently, the Hiawatha impact structure far predates Pleistocene glaciation and is unrelated to either the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or flood basalt volcanism in east Greenland. However, it was contemporaneous with the Paleocene Carbon Isotope Maximum, although the impact’s exact paleoenvironmental and climatic significance awaits further investigation.
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| 5. |
- Jonsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Geofysiker, drönare och geologer ger tillsammans en bättre bild av berget
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X. ; :1/19, s. 52-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Teknisk geologi vid Lunds tekniska högskola har i ett nyligen slutfört projekt, finansierat av Stiftelsen Bergteknisk Forskning (BeFo), undersökt om geofysiska mätningar med DCIP (kombinerade resistivitets- och IP-mätningar) kan ge bättre information om bergmassan i samband med planeringen av tunnlar och andra bergarbeten samt berguttag i bergtäkter. Resultaten bekräftar att DCIP i den undersökta miljön kan användas för att indikera lervittrade zoner, svaghetsstrukturer och uppkrossade zoner. Detta visar på att det går att underlätta och förbättra prognosarbetet, genom att ännu en möjlighet ges att bedöma bergmassans kvalitet innan byggfasen inleds.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Tredimensionell bergundersökning med geoelektriska och geologiska metoder
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this project is to enhance the understanding of how geoelectrical investigations in a heterogeneous rock mass can image geological structures in order to develop and adapt future rock assessment methods.A "good" rock quality forecast provides better opportunities for reduced risk level in the design and procurement phases of a construction project. Conversely, uncertainties in a forecast, in terms of rock quality, can entail large costs. The additional information obtained using non-destructive surveys will is therefore of large interest in this context. It has repeatedly (e.g. in connection with the construction of the Hallandsås tunnel) been shown that variations in, for example, the electrical properties, can be linked to factors such as fracture zones, clay weathering or the presence of certain mineral types in the rock mass. .The basic idea is to perform a three-dimensional measurement with simultaneous determination of DC resistivity and induced polarization, (DCIP), in a rock volume in a quarry. The examined rock volume is then removed by bench blasting as part of the normal quarry activities. The vertical benches that occur after each blast are documented with photogrammetric methods, geological sampling and by detailed studies with a sweep electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, photographic methods such as panoramic photography and 3D computer models created with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, have been used.The result is another three-dimensional model, with detailed geological information. This creates an opportunity to compare results and interpretations from the geoelectrical methods with geological information throughout the examined volume. For example, the three-dimensional distribution of fracture zones or dolerite dikes can be identified in the geological model and compared to the geophysical.The measuring object in the project was a quarry in Dalby, 10 km East of Lund, Sweden and operated by Sydsten. The site is well investigated from both geological and geophysical viewpoints. The rock consists mainly of three different types: Granitic gneiss, dolerite and amphibolite, but smaller units of other rocks occur. The structures are complex with folding and formation of lenses, mainly in the amphibolite. Due to large-scale tectonic processes, the rock has been subjected to extensive deformation on several occasions. Brecciated and crushed zones occur as well as clay alteration zones.The geophysical method used in the project is resistivity measurement with simultaneous measurement of induced polarization, DCIP. The resistivity method is based on the basic assumption that properties in the ground such as porosity, the actual rock matrix and the conductivity of the pore fluid are reflected in changes in the conductivity. The IP effects rely heavily on the internal composition of the geo-materials, filling in the pores, and structures in micro-scale and upwards.The report initially describes the background and purpose, then the measurements and methodologies in the sections 2 and 3. In section 4 the collected measurement results and input data are described, including recommendations and experiences for panorama- and UAV photography, as well as the results of the geological mapping (visual inspection and SEM) and the geophysics.One of the main objectives of project was to investigate how well geoelectrical measurements in a heterogeneous bedrock can depict geological structures. The ability to document the rock mass in the Dalby Quarry has given an opportunity to compare geological reality with results from DCIP measurements.A comparison in section 5 between the geological and geophysical measurements confirms that the DCIP in the test environment can be used to indicate clay weathering zones, weakness zones and crushed rock. This can be used to distinguish rock mass with zones of clay weathering with potentially high fine material content from other rock, providing an opportunity to assess the quality before the fragmentation of the rock.Further, it is noted that the ability to depict geological structures depends on the design of the geophysical investigation, the inversion process, and the obtained data quality. The data quality can to some extent be affected at the time of measurement, i.e. already during the planning of the assessment, while other factors cannot be affected using available measurement methodology.One example is that dipping geological structures do not show up as clearly as vertical in the geophysical results. The reason for this is unclear. One explanation may be that the petrophysical contrast between, for example, gneiss and amphibolite is too small to be detected by geoelectrical methods, another that the numerical inversion process has difficulties representing these structures correctly.It is also clear that visual geological attributes are not fully sufficient to explain all anomalies appearing in the geophysical model, in particular regarding the IP results. More detailed studies aimed at quantifying these complex effects are needed to understand these complex phenomena. The resistivity anomalies are better explained by the visual observations made. This is because resistivity to a greater extent depends on the composition of the rock mass and macro structures such as fractures, but also here a need to quantify and study correlations in laboratory scale exists.The spatial resolution can be improved by modifying the measurement procedure. One way forward is to install electrodes in a borehole, in addition to the surface electrodes used today. This implies practical difficulties but has a great development potential for the future. Although modern instruments have been used in the project, instruments can be developed towards even more effective measurements, for example by using more channels for the potential measure-ment, dynamic measurement protocols, and adaptive current transmission that adjusts the measurement to the actual conditions on the site.
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| 7. |
- Polley, Craig Michael, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of the π -band replicas in the electronic structure of graphene grown on 4H -SiC(0001)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 99:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The calculated electronic band structure of graphene is relatively simple, with a Fermi surface consisting only of six Dirac cones in the first Brillouin zone-one at each (K) over bar. In contrast, angle-resolved photoemission measurements of graphene grown on SiC(0001) often show six satellite Dirac cones surrounding each primary Dirac cone. Recent studies have reported two further Dirac cones along the (Gamma) over bar-(K) over bar line, and argue that these are not photoelectron diffraction artifacts but real bands deriving from a modulation of the ionic potential in the graphene layer. Here we present measurements using linearly polarized synchrotron light which show all of these replicas as well as several additional ones. Using information obtained from dark corridor orientations and angular warping, we demonstrate that all but one of these additional features-including those previously assigned as real initial-state bands-are possible to explain by simple final-state photoelectron diffraction.
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| 8. |
- Bohman, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Relative frequencies of symptoms and risk factors among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a case-control study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 138:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of important symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), the link between CRSwNP and the lower airways and the importance of smoking in CRSwNP.Method: Three hundred and sixty-eight patients with CRSwNP and 1349 controls were recruited to the study and underwent a structured interview about symptoms from the upper and lower airways, and about smoking habits. Furthermore, all participants were clinically examined using nasal endoscopy.Results: Due to interactions between the outcome variables, a multiple logistic regression model was fitted to the data. Nasal secretions, nasal blockage and impaired sense of smell were symptoms associated with CRSwNP. Furthermore, male gender, increasing age and asthma were also associated with the disease. Current smoking was less frequent among patients with CRSwNP.Conclusion: By comparing symptoms and risk factors of patients with CRSwNP with those of a large population-based control group and testing them in a multiple logistic regression model, we have been able to generate data that address key research interests in CRSwNP.
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| 9. |
- Ulmius, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The eastern boundary of Sveconorwegian reworking in the Baltic Shield,defined by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology across the southernmost Sveconorwegian Province
- 2018
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268. ; 307, s. 201-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New 40Ar/39Ar dates of hornblende, biotite and muscovite from 13 localities along a 130 km transect in southern Sweden provide insight into the cooling and exhumation history during Sveconorwegian orogeny, from 970 to 880 Ma. The Eastern Segment represents Baltican continental crust underthrust below the western Sveconorwegian terranes at 990–970 Ma. The western part of the Eastern Segment consists of amphibolite- to granulite-facies pervasively deformed gneisses, in which hornblende and biotite 40Ar/39Ar dates between 901 and 889 Ma record the cooling and exhumation through 530–330 °C. In the easternmost part of the orogen is a c. 25 km wide boundary zone characterized by non-penetrative greenschist- to amphibolite-facies deformation zones. There, muscovite apparent ages range from 882 to 902 Ma, biotite from 892 to 906 Ma, and hornblende from 1.37 to 1.47 Ga, meaning that muscovite and partly biotite record Sveconorwegian overprint, while amphibole was disturbed. Several biotite samples record ages in the interval 0.9–1.4 Ga, reflecting excess Ar components. East of the Sveconorwegian Province, in the Blekinge-Bornholm Province, hornblende and mica apparent ages spread between 1.13 and 1.41 Ma, implying that neither mineral underwent complete Sveconorwegian resetting. The data pattern reflects that the Eastern Segment experienced slow cooling (∼3 °C/Ma) from peak metamorphism of 800–700 °C at 980–960 Ma to 900 Ma, when significant cooling though greenschist-facies conditions set in (∼26 °C/Ma). This cooling was related to tectonically driven extension, accommodated by greenschist-facies shear zones along the eastern boundary zone.
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| 10. |
- Xia, Chao, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of rhenium on graphene grown on SiC(0001)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 222, s. 117-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effects of Rhenium (Re) deposited on epitaxial monolayer graphene grown on SiC(0001) and after subsequent annealing at different temperatures, by performing high resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The graphene-Re system is found to be thermally stable. While no intercalation or chemical reaction of the Re is detected after deposition and subsequent annealing up to 1200 degrees C, a gradual decrease in the binding energy of the Re 4f doublet is observed. We propose that a larger mobility of the Re atoms with increasing annealing temperature and hopping of Re atoms between different defective sites on the graphene sample could induce this decrease of Re 4f binding energy. This is corroborated by first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Re core-level binding energy shift. No change in the doping or splitting of the initial monolayer graphene electronic band structure is observed after Re deposition and annealing up to 1200 degrees C, only a broadening of the bands. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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