| 1. |
- Baltz, André, 1986-
(författare)
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Dialog och digital kommunikation i svenska kommuner
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the work of Swedish municipalities in dialogue and digital communication. It examines digital communication and dialogue through field studies in Örnsköldsvik municipality from 2015 to 2019, and the presence of Swedish municipalities on Facebook from 2009 to 2017. During this period, digital communication and dialogue have been prominent on the agendas of municipalities both in Sweden and internationally. The development of social media, e-services, strategic communication, branding, and citizen dialogues are crucial for understanding the evolution of communication and democracy, both now and in the future. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate how municipalities communicate with citizens, with a focus on digital media.The dissertation is grounded in the fields of participatory research, organizational research, strategic communication, and organizational communication. The material includes notes, reports, and documents from observations, policy documents, guidelines, interviews with officials and communicators, and Facebook posts from municipalities’ Facebook pages. The four case studies draw on new institutional theory, communication theory, and deliberative systems theory to varying degrees. These case studies are theoretically linked through a focus on institutions and how they shape and are shaped by understandings of communication and participation.The thesis captures ideas about communication and participation through eight perspectives, shedding light on what it means to be, work in, and represent a municipality today. Communicators play a central role in conveying meanings about communication by acting as internal consultants, trainers, and critical reviewers of the organization’s communication purposes. They also have a strategic role in formulating guidelines and standards for communication design. The thesis argues that both communication and participation must be understood through a broader media concept to grasp the complex interactions between the municipality and citizens. The municipality speaks, listens, and negotiates with citizens directly and indirectly in various ways, from user data and motion sensors to physical meetings. The thesis also shows that municipalities use communication to steer citizens in different directions, from how they should contact the municipality to how and where they can be involved in designing services and policies. Through large-scale digital text analysis, the phatic nature of communication also emerges. Municipalities seem to communicate to maintain, build, and establish social relationships with citizens on social media. This form of communication not only fulfills a social function but also alludes to local pride and community by highlighting landmarks and other local and “sacral” objects. The results also show that citizen participation from the municipality’s perspective is characterized by ideas about inclusion and strengthening the decision-making process. The more (and different) perspectives that can be considered, the better and more sustainable the decisions will be. However, the perspectives on participation are fraught with problems and challenges, as broad inclusion is time-consuming and makes it difficult to reach consensus.
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| 2. |
- Forghani, Kamran, et al.
(författare)
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Maximizing value yield in wood industry through flexible sawing and product grading based on wane and log shape
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1699 .- 1872-7107. ; 216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimization of sawing processes in the wood industry is critical for maximizing efficiency and profitability. The introduction of computerized tomography scanners provides sawmill operators with three-dimensional internal models of logs, which can be used to assess value and yield more accurately. We present a methodology for solving the sawing optimization problem employing a flexible sawing scheme that allows greater flexibility in cutting logs into products while considering product quality classes influenced by wane defects. The methodology has two phases: preprocessing and optimization. In the preprocessing phase, two alternative algorithms are given that generate and evaluate the potential sawing positions of products by considering the 3D surface of the log, product size requirements, and product quality classes. In the optimization phase, a maximum set-packing problem is solved for the preprocessed data using mixed-integer programming (MIP), aiming to obtain a feasible cut pattern that maximizes value yield. This is implemented in a system named FlexSaw, which takes advantage of parallel computation during the preprocessing phase and utilizes a MIP solver during the optimization phase. The proposed sawing methods are evaluated on the Swedish Pine Stem Bank. Additionally, FlexSaw is compared with an existing tool that utilizes cant sawing. Results demonstrate the superiority of flexible sawing. While the practical feasibility of implementing a flexible way of sawing logs is constrained by the limitations of current sawmill machinery, the potential increase in yield promotes the exploration of alternative machinery in the wood industry.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Not So Logical, After All : Public Managers' Understandings of Media
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - : University of Gothenburg. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how public organizations, through their senior managers, perceive media-related activities and to what extent these perceptions support the existence of a ‘media logic.’ We interviewed 64 managers from 40 Swedish government agencies and compared their perceptions related to media with their perceptions related to the corporate logic, which has become vital in public sector contexts. The findings reveal that media and media-oriented activities are understood as contextual, contingent, and driven by individual events. In contrast to the understandings of management and strategy (i.e. corporate logic), which was much more coherent, universal, and aligned to sectoral conditions. Accordingly, media are generally more open for interpretations, local adaptations, and contextualization, making it difficult to provide clear-cut answers to what media means for public organizations. Our study suggests that public managers understand media in a manner that challenges the media logic rationale. We also challenge an institutional logic argument that institutional structures surrounding public organizations are, in general, to be seen as open for strategic responses. Our results point in another direction. The way managers understand different institutional structures, such as those associated with media, are, to a much greater extent, characterized by uncertainty linked to a lack of necessary knowledge about what constitutes the underlying qualities of the structures at hand; and by ambiguity about what meanings to mobilize and follow when institutional structures are to be introduced into specific organizational contexts.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Magnus, 1984-
(författare)
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Predicting Strength of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Sawn Timber Using Discrete X-Ray Log Scanning, Optical Board Scanning, Traceability, and Partial Least Squares Regression
- 2024
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 19:1, s. 1777-1788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently developed technology in sawmills such as advanced log scanning and traceability concepts enable new ways of grading logs and boards. When it comes to strength grading, this is often done on sawn boards using automatic scanning systems. However, if board scanners were to be augmented with data from log scanners by using traceability, more information on the wood propertiesis available. In this study, the main objective was to compare the strength prediction capability of board scanning alone, to board scanning augmented with X-ray and 3D data from log scanning, for Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In that case, data from three different scanning systems was combined, two for logs and one for boards. A further objective was to investigate whether pre-sorting logs for strength grading can be done using either 3D log data alone, or 3D log data augmented with X-ray data. The results show an improved strength prediction when adding log data to board data, and that 3D log data alone is not enough to pre-sort logs for strength, while adding X-ray log data makes it possible. Strength prediction on Scots pine performed somewhat better than prediction on Norway spruce.
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| 5. |
- Rebeggiani, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards In-Line Measurements of Sawn Wood Surfaces
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 ; , s. 15-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metrology and characterisation of products' functional surfaces are of key importance in smart and sustainable manufacturing. By proper measures of resulting topography and dimension at the micro-cm level, higher process control can be achieved, leading to more efficient production with products closer to defined targets. Commercial surface metrology systems for lab- and in/on-line applications have increased in the last decades, but the wood sector has not yet benefited from this development. A better understanding of sawn wood topography combined with smart online metrology systems is expected to lead to a substantial reduction of waste in sawmill production, both by transforming waste pieces and sideboards into engineered wood products and by optimising the sawing process (e.g. by using thinner saw blades and reduced tolerances). It would also open new design possibilities and challenge the construction sector to replace today’s materials with renewable raw materials. Additionally, sawmills will be less dependent on incoming timber dimensions. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of sawn wood topography and how relevant surface features can be detected and analysed to enable the next generation of functional wood surfaces for various applications. By identifying the measuring instrument’s capability to capture surface topographical features of sawn wood, this paper discusses the requirements for efficient measurement techniques. It opens for future implementation of machine learning algorithms to in-line monitor and control the machining process. All tested metrology techniques showed promising results. To capture machining marks, the instrumentation needs to have lateral resolutions on the um level and a measurement area covering some cm; thus, the laser scanning system seemed to be a good compromise. © 2024 The Authors.
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| 6. |
- Fredriksson, Magnus, 1970
(författare)
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Den cybernetiska traditionen: Kommunikation som överföring och kontroll
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lindell, J. & Kongsepp, E. (2023) Kommunikation En introduktion. Studentlitteratur. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144161891
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Om vi vill förstå hur samhället fungerar måste vi förstå de kommunikativa förutsättningarna, eller som matematikern, och en av cybernetikens portalfigurer, Norbert Wiener (1894–1964) uttryckte det: ”society can only be understood through a study of messages and the communication facilities which belong to it” (1954, 16). Formuleringen är central för cybernetiken och för traditionens ambitioner att förklara hur system uppstår, upprätthålls och omformas som ett resultat av informationsöverföring, återkoppling och kontroll. I cybernetikens värld ingår alla system, tekniska, biologiska och sociala, och därmed betraktas kommunikation i första hand som en bearbetningsprocess av information där syftet med kommunikationen mellan delarna är att kontrollera systemets funktionssätt, och vid behov anpassa kommunikationen utifrån förändringar i omgivningen.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hoffstedt, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Choosing not to choose-Patients' justification of a disengaged choice of primary care provider
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Policy & Administration. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0144-5596 .- 1467-9515. ; 57:7, s. 1014-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key underpinning of choice of health care provider is that patients make active and informed decisions which stimulate quality competition. By imitating the principles of a market in the steering of health care, patients thus assume the role of consumers. Few patients however neither consider alternative providers nor seek information about quality. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how patients engage in the role of being active and informed consumers in the setting of primary care, and how they argue for their choice. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with 18 respondents in a municipality in mid-Sweden. Respondents were purposefully sampled and interviews were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Findings demonstrated that patients disengaged from choice by arguing, for instance, that they were satisfied with their current provider or because they perceived no differences in quality. Overall, results were in line with previous studies performed in US and European hospital settings, indicating that patients present some similar arguments regarding disengagement from choice irrespective of level of care or geographical setting. Arguments specifically related to the primary care level were that patients found it more important to achieve continuity in the patient-doctor relationship than 'shopping around' for the best provider, or that they desired more profiled services to actively make a choice. In contrast to previous literature, patients refuted the 'patient-consumer' role by referring to, for instance, the belief that care should be of equal quality independent of what choice they made.
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| 9. |
- Huang, Yunbo, et al.
(författare)
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Coupling of Local Wood Properties Extracted from X-ray Computed Tomography with Cutting Force
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Wood Machining Seminar. - : IWMS -25 Organizing Committee.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used extensively in sawmills, its primary applications are improving value-yield and process automation. Three-dimensional CT scanners have also been extensively used for log sorting and sawing optimisation. However, there is hardly any resent research utilising CT from a cutting process perspective. This study addresses this gap by adopting CT to investigate the correlation between local wood properties — namely density, knots and annual rings — and cutting forces. Cutting forces for clear-wood and knotty-wood specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) followed the expected trend corresponding to the density profile: dense regions led to high cutting force while other regions caused low cutting forces. However, it was found that in addition to density, knot orientation relative to cutting direction, annual ring width along the cutting path, and annual ring angle in relation to the cutting direction were critical factors that influence the cutting process. This study illustrates the feasibility of coupling local wood properties obtained from CT data with cutting force, potentially inspiring further research on a variety of wood property/cutting force relationships.
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| 10. |
- Orlowski, K. A., et al.
(författare)
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Cutting Forces for Clear and Knotty Pine Wood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Wood Machining Seminar.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sawmill managers are interested in carrying out the sawmilling process in an efficient manner with minimal waste of raw material. In primary processing, an increase in productivity can be achieved if the process can be controlled. This can be achieved by developing a macro-mechanic model of the cutting power determination considered from a point of view of modern fracture mechanics has been developed. For the model knowledge about fracture toughness and shear yield stresses is vital. Pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a popular species which is widely used in wood industry in Poland and Sweden. Test samples with a cross section of 70 × 70 mm were originated from the both countries. Before sawing, all wood samples were scanned on X-ray Computed Tomography in laboratory conditions in Skellefteå (Sweden). These CT scans were helpful in indicating where clear and knotty samples were obtained from beams. Cutting tests were carried out on the custom-made laboratory stand in Skellefteå. The rotating arm held the wood sample, and the cutting speed equaled 15.5 ms−1. A stellite tipped tooth was fed into the wood sample with uncut chip thicknesses for clear wood 0.5; 0.7 and 1.1 mm, and for knotty wood 0.3; 0.5 and 0.7 mm. The tooth data: overall set equal to 2.9 mm, rake angle 27°, and clearance angle 12°. A piezoelectric sensor on the tooth holder measured the cutting forces. On the basis of the experimental findings it is possible to create mathematical models cutting forces for clear and knotty pine wood. For knotty wood the intercept is almost twice than for clear wood.
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