| 1. |
- Hellberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A novel nonsense variant in RHAG underlies a Nordic Rhnull phenotype
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0042-9007 .- 1423-0410. ; 118:8, s. 690-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and ObjectivesThe extremely rare Rhnull phenotype is characterized by the absence of all Rh antigens on erythrocytes. It is divided into the regulator and amorph types based on the underlying genetic background. The more common regulator type depends on critical variants silencing RHAG, which encodes RhAG glycoprotein, necessary for RhD/RhCE expression. Rhnull cells have altered expression of glycophorin B and LW glycoprotein.Materials and MethodsFour unrelated Rhnull individuals were investigated. Serological testing was performed according to standard blood bank practice. RHD/RHCE and S/s allele-specific Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping was done on genomic DNA using in-house PCR assays. RHAG, and in some cases also RHD/RHCE, were sequenced. Initial s phenotyping results triggered additional serological investigation.ResultsAnti-Rh29 was identified in all four individuals. Extended typing with anti-S and anti-s showed that the three samples predicted to type as s+ failed to react with 2 of 5 anti-s. Sequence analysis of all 10 RHAG exons and the immediate intron/exon boundaries revealed a single nucleotide variant in the 3′-end of intron 6, c.946 −2a>g in all samples. RHD/RHCE showed no alterations.ConclusionA novel Nordic Rhnull allele was identified. In addition, it was shown that s+ Rhnull red blood cells are not only U− but also have qualitative changes in their s antigen expression.
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| 2. |
- Karlgren, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemma - An Instant Lexicographer
- 1994. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. ; , s. 82-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dilemma is a lexicography component in a tool kit for translation. Dilemma presents on the request of a text writer relevant lexical information extracted from previously translated parallel texts by statistical processing. Dilemma is currently used in the ongoing translation of EC legislation into the languages of candidate member countries.
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| 3. |
- Karlgren, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemma: a tool for rapid manual translation
- 1994. - 1
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Ingår i: ACM Conference Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), Conference Companion.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dilemma is a tool built to aid human translators in achieving higher productivity and better quality, by presenting lexical information which is automatically extracted from previous translations. The design decisions have been based on analyses of the human translation process. We present the ideas behind the tool, and outline the functionality. The system described has been used by professional translators with good results.
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| 4. |
- Karlgren, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Dilemma: a tool to ensure quality of new translations by using previous ones
- 1994. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Multimedia Information Retrieval Systems and Management (RIAO).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dilemma is a tool built to aid human translators in achieving higher productivity and better quality, by presenting lexical information which is automatically extracted from previous translations. The design decisions have been based on analyses of the human translation process. We present the ideas behind the tool, and outline the functionality. The system described has been evaluated by professional translators with good results, and is now being developed further.
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| 5. |
- Nordström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A tool for rapid manual translation
- 1993. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There have been several attempts to realize the idea of a fully automatic translation system for text translation to replace human translators. By contrast, little work has been put into building tools to aid human translators. This report describes the ideas behind such a tool. The tool is intended to aid human translators in achieving higher productivity and better quality, by presenting terminological information extracted from previous translations. The report documents the implementation and evaluation of a prototype. The prototype has been demonstrated to and used by professional translators with promising results.
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