| 1. |
- Sturevik-Storm, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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(10)Be climate fingerprints during the Eemian in the NEEM ice core, Greenland.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several deep Greenland ice cores have been retrieved, however, capturing the Eemian period has been problematic due to stratigraphic disturbances in the ice. The new Greenland deep ice core from the NEEM site (77.45°N, 51.06°W, 2450 m.a.s.l) recovered a relatively complete Eemian record. Here we discuss the cosmogenic (10)Be isotope record from this core. The results show Eemian average (10)Be concentrations about 0.7 times lower than in the Holocene which suggests a warmer climate and approximately 65-90% higher precipitation in Northern Greenland compared to today. Effects of shorter solar variations on (10)Be concentration are smoothed out due to coarse time resolution, but occurrence of a solar maximum at 115.26-115.36 kyr BP is proposed. Relatively high (10)Be concentrations are found in the basal ice sections of the core which may originate from the glacial-interglacial transition and relate to a geomagnetic excursion about 200 kyr BP.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Linking ice sheet and lake sediment archives of Be-10, 1468-1980 CE
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 294, s. 524-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of understanding and reconstructing our climate history it is important to investigate the link between climate and solar activity. Ice cores and ocean sediments have provided information on a range of timescales on atmospheric Be-10 production, which is a proxy for past solar activity due to its cosmogenic nature of production. We here present results from the first, to our knowledge, multi-centennial and annual resolution study of Be-10 in varved lake sediments. Varves were sampled over an interval covering the period 1468-2006 CE in sediment cored from Lake Lehmilampi in eastern Finland. The measured concentrations were converted into annual Be-10 deposition rates by using the weights of dried samples as an estimation of sedimentation rates and scaling the result from sampling to catchment area size. We compare the lake catchment Be-10 deposition rates to those derived from the Greenlandic ice cores NGRIP and Dye-3 along with past solar activity. Sediment Be-10 concentrations range 2.1-17.6 x 10(8) atoms g(-1). The high end of this range is represented by a limited number of samples, and the average is near the lower end at 4.1 x 10(8) atoms g(-1). The deposition rates range 0.5-3.9 x 10(6) atoms cm(-2) year(-1), with an average of 1.8 x 10(6) atoms cm(-2) year (0.057 atoms cm(-2) s(-1)). We note higher Be-10 deposition during the Sporer (similar to 1415-1535 CE) and Maunder (similar to 1645-1715 CE) solar minima, and also at the onset of the Dalton (similar to 1790-1830 CE) minimum. Equally high Be-10 values in the 1840s and lower deposition during the Dalton minimum are not consistent with contemporaneous solar activity. Although this may in part be a result of incomplete measurements in the 19th century, it also shows the complexity of deposition and the intricacy of reconstructing past solar activity from sediment Be-10 data. A comparison with ice core data reveals particularly good agreement between sediment and Dye-3 Be-10 flux around 1500-1750 CE.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Variability of 10Be and δ18O in snow pits from Greenland and a surface traverse from Antarctica
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 568-572
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine temporal variability of 10Be in glacial ice, we sampled snow to a depth of 160 cm at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) drilling site in Greenland. The samples span three years between the summers of 2006 and 2009. At the same time, spatial variability of 10Be in glacial ice was explored through collection of the upper ∼5 cm of surface snow in Antarctica during part of the Swedish-Japanese traverse from Svea to Syowa station during the austral summer in 2007-2008. The results of the Greenlandic 10Be snow suggested variable concentrations that apparently do not clearly reflect the seasonal change as indicated by the δ18O data. The 10Be concentration variability most likely reflects also effects of aerosol loading and deposition pathways, possibly in combination with post-depositional processes. The Antarctic traverse data expose a negative correlation between 10Be and δ18O, while there are weaker but still significant correlations to altitude and distance to the coast (approximated by the distance to the 70th latitude). These relationships indicate that geographical factors, mainly the proximity to the coast, may strongly affect 10Be concentrations in snow in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Ann-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Variability of Be-10 and delta O-18 in snow pits from Greenland and a surface traverse from Antarctica
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 294, s. 568-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine temporal variability of Be-10 in glacial ice, we sampled snow to a depth of 160 cm at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) drilling site in Greenland. The samples span three years between the summers of 2006 and 2009. At the same time, spatial variability of Be-10 in glacial ice was explored through collection of the upper similar to 5 cm of surface snow in Antarctica during part of the Swedish-Japanese traverse from Svea to Syowa station during the austral summer in 2007-2008. The results of the Greenlandic 1 Be snow suggested variable concentrations that apparently do not clearly reflect the seasonal change as indicated by the delta O-18 data. The Be-10 concentration variability most likely reflects also effects of aerosol loading and deposition pathways, possibly in combination with post-depositional processes. The Antarctic traverse data expose a negative correlation between Be-10 and delta O-18, while there are weaker but still significant correlations to altitude and distance to the coast (approximated by the distance to the 70th latitude). These relationships indicate that geographical factors, mainly the proximity to the coast, may strongly affect 1 Be concentrations in snow in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica.
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| 5. |
- Dahl-Jensen, D., et al.
(författare)
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Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 493:7433, s. 489-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 +/- 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 +/- 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 +/- 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Ann-Marie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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10Be and solar activity cycles in varved lake sediments, AD 1900–2006
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 44:2, s. 559-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annually resolved terrestrial 10Be archives other than those in polar ice sheets are heretofore unexplored sources of information about past solar activity and climate. Until now, it has proven difficult to find natural archives that have captured and retained a 10Be production signal, and that allow for annual sampling and contain sufficient 10Be for AMS measurement. We report the first annually resolved record of 10Be in varved lake sediments. The record comes from Lake Lehmilampi, eastern Finland, which lies at 63°37′N, 29°06′E, 95.8 m a. s. l. The focus on the last 100 years provided an unprecedented opportunity to compare sediment 10Be data with annual ice core, neutron monitor and sunspot number data. Results indicate successful recovery of 10Be atoms from as little as 20 mg sediment. Sediment 10Be accumulation rates suggest control by solar activity, manifested as a reflection of the 11-year Schwabe solar cycle and its amplitude variations throughout the investigated period. These results open the possibility of using varved lake sediment 10Be records as a new proxy for solar activity, thus providing a new approach for synchronization of paleoclimate events worldwide.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Ann-Marie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced beam currents with co-precipitated niobium as a matrix for AMS measurements of 10Be
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 268:7-8, s. 795-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When dealing with small amounts of 10Be, it is challenging to achieve the good performance in the ion source that is needed to enable a reliable AMS measurement. We have co-precipitated beryllium with dissolved NbCl5, using a range of mixing ratios, to establish an optimal and practical procedure. 9Be16O‑ beam currents for co-precipitated samples of 9Be-Nb are often higher, but show a slower rise than for samples either co-precipitated or mixed with silver. However, while the Ag sample currents soon deteriorate, Nb sample currents stay high for an extended time, leading to higher measuring performance and better statistics. Although co-precipitated Be-Nb mixtures do not reach such high beam currents as BeO mechanically mixed with Nb powder, we prefer co-precipitation as it provides enough material for handling and an additional mixing step is avoided. We recommend use of NbCl5 as an alternative to AgNO3 on account of the much lower boron association of niobium compared to silver. No critical limit in the matrix:Be mixing ratio was observed, but we note a steady decline of maximum currents reached with increasing mixing ratio.
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