| 1. |
- Andersson-Watz, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Mechanically Assisted Cough for Patients with Progressive Neurological Disease : Patient-Physical Therapist Interaction and Physical Therapist Perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to explore patient-physical therapist interaction and the physical therapist's experience of the introductory session for mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) device treatment for patients with progressive neurological disease.METHODS: Qualitative content analysis of participant-observation of interaction between patients and physical therapists during 9 MI-E introduction sessions in different clinical care settings and 10 follow-up interviews with 6 physical therapists.RESULTS: The introduction of MI-E emerged as a process of instilling a sense of security in the patient. The process can be described in 4 steps: (1) gain understanding by being responsive to the person's whole life-situation; (2) share knowledge and expectations in a respectful and permissive way; (3) introduce the device in a gentle and reciprocal interactivity; and (4) adapt to home-use in an inclusive dialogue with the patient and their significant others. Physical therapists described a need for assurance to instill a sense of security in the patient, implying a need for confidence, competent peers, guiding yet flexible routines, and emotional support.CONCLUSION: Physical therapists have a need to foster assurance in employing a person-centered approach to make a patient feel secure in the process of introducing MI-E treatment. Multiple modes of professional knowledge were used together with action-based and relational-based ethics to facilitate a person-centered care approach. This seems to be a promising approach for providing good care when introducing MI-E to patients. Further research is needed to explore this from the patient's perspective.IMPACT: This study added to the body of knowledge regarding MI-E treatment in relation to patients. This has direct implication, particularly for inexperienced physical therapists, for informed care for the patient during introduction. Our study also supports that person-centered care should be implemented at all levels of health care to make it possible for physical therapists to practice person-centered care.
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| 2. |
- Kumar, Pankaj, et al.
(författare)
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All-Inorganic Hydrothermally Processed Semitransparent Sb2S3 Solar Cells with CuSCN as the Hole Transport Layer
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society. - 2574-0962. ; 7:4, s. 1421-1432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Published by American Chemical Society.An inorganic wide-bandgap hole transport layer (HTL), copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), is employed in inorganic planar hydrothermally deposited Sb2S3 solar cells. With excellent hole transport properties and uniform compact morphology, the solution-processed CuSCN layer suppresses the leakage current and improves charge selectivity in an n-i-p-type solar cell structure. The device without the HTL (FTO/CdS/Sb2S3/Au) delivers a modest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.54%, which increases to 2.46% with the introduction of CuSCN (FTO/CdS/Sb2S3/CuSCN/Au). This PCE is a significant improvement compared with the previous reports of planar Sb2S3 solar cells employing CuSCN. CuSCN is therefore a promising alternative to expensive and inherently unstable organic HTLs. In addition, CuSCN makes an excellent optically transparent (with average transmittance >90% in the visible region) and shunt-blocking HTL layer in pinhole-prone ultrathin(<100 nm) semitransparent absorber layers grown by green and facile hydrothermal deposition. A semitransparent device is fabricated using an ultrathin Au layer (∼10 nm) with a PCE of 2.13% and an average visible transmittance of 13.7%.
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| 3. |
- Ljungdahl Eriksson, Martin, 1982-
(författare)
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Space in the Space : Designing Sound Environments for the Shared Indoor Workspace
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sound environment in shared indoor workspaces emerges through the interplay of physical layout, materials, technology, and social dynamics. These spaces are designed with specific purposes in mind, taking acoustics into account during construction. However, the true quality of the sound environment can only be assessed when these spaces are actively used. The perception of a shared indoor sound environment is not fixed or absolute but is influenced by individual perceptions, attitudes, and intentions.A significant challenge in designing shared indoor workspaces is thus to accommodate the diverse preferences of various users in a common area, a task complicated by the subjective experience of sound. Prior research has primarily focused on reducing unwanted noise through physical installations and assessing their effects, with the emphasis of sound environment management being the implementation of broad, global solutions that aim to cater to the majority. However, there has been minimal initiative toward proactively improving these complex environments while acknowledging the subjective and context-dependent nature of sound environments.This thesis suggests that the sound environment within a workspace ought to be perceived as a socio-technical system, wherein the design of such environments is a complex and 'wicked' problem. By adopting a design approach that introduces prototypes of an ambient sound environment system into the workspace, this study aims to explore whether various adaptations of the sound xi environment using this technical solution can improve perceived sound quality. The research endeavors to examine the practical use of sound as a design element within workplace settings. The study incorporates laboratory research, field tests in four different offices, and interviews with professionals in indoor environment design.The thesis presents a design program for shared indoor workplace sound environments, emphasizing the creation of pleasant, unnoticeable sound spaces that offer shielding from office disturbances, known as Space in the Space. It employs a 4E cognitive framework and views both sound, technology, and humans as design materials, aiming to craft a personalized and meaningful sound environment that balances noise reduction with qualitative sound aspects, enabling users to tailor their auditory space and collaborate in the design process. This inquiry explores the complex relationship between auditory comfort, personal preferences, and functionality in shared workspaces. The strong concept of 'Sound Users', is introduced as a view that emphasizes the interactive relationship between users and sound environments. Individuals are not just passive receivers of sound; they are active participants, shaping, modifying, and personalizing their auditory surroundings to suit their needs and activities.The results suggest that the challenge in designing soundscapes for shared indoor spaces involves striking a careful balance. This entails harmonizing individual and collective needs by creating the possibility of a Space in the Space within a collective auditory environment. This is achieved by adhering to individual preferences through offering personalization features and control to the sound users. When presented with options, users often want to customize them and tend to prefer sounds that not only mask unwanted noise but also provide a sense of comfort and pleasure. Their aim goes beyond simple utility, highlighting a pursuit of meaningful sound environments through sounds that are both functional and pleasant.
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| 4. |
- Tofiq, avin, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical functioning post-COVID-19 and the recovery process : a mixed methods study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 46:8, s. 1570-1579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe physical functioning after severe COVID-19-infection.MATERIALS AND METHOD: An explanatory sequential mixed method design was used. Thirty-nine participants performed tests and answered questionnaires measuring physical functioning six months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19. Thirty of these participants participated in semi-structured interviews with questions regarding how they perceived their physical functioning and recovery from COVID-19 at 12 months post-hospitalisation.RESULTS: At six months, physical functioning measured via chair stand test and hip-worn accelerometers was lower than normal reference values. There was a reduction in breathing muscle strength. Participants estimated their functional status during different activities as lower compared to those before COVID-19-infection, measured with a patient-specific functional scale. At one year after infection, there were descriptions of a rough recovery process and remaining symptoms.CONCLUSION: Patients recovering from severe COVID-19 seem to have reduced physical functioning and activity levels, and they perceive their recovery to be slow and difficult. They experienced a lack of clinical support and contradictory advice regarding rehabilitation. Coaching in returning to physical functioning after the infection needs to be better co-ordinated and there is a need for guidelines for health professionals to avoid patients receiving contradictory advice.
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| 5. |
- Malmberg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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The role of industry in Sweden’s total defence : Past, present, and future
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This article by Pär Malmberg, Jan Ottosson, Martin Eriksson, and Olle Jansson discusses Sweden’s work with industry as part of its total defence concept and whole-of-society approach to national preparedness. The article covers the past and the formative years in the early 1960s, up to the gradual discontinuation of total defence planning at the turn of the 21st century. It also presents the status and possible future developments in the context of changing industrial and geopolitical realities. The focus is on the forms of collaboration and coordination between the State and companies, both private and publicly owned.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Poikonen, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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InMotion – Mixed physical exercise with creative movement as an intervention for people with schizophrenia
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia (SCZ) is among the world’s top ten causes of long-term disability (World Health Organization, 2004). The major symptoms of SCZ include hallucinations, delusions, affective flattening, and cognitive impairment, and their treatment with antipsychotic medications is far from optimal.Creative and body awareness training (dance/movement therapy, body psychotherapy) and physical training (aerobic and strength training) improve SCZ symptoms (e.g Martin et al., 2016, 2017; Girdler et al., 2019; Millman et a., 2021). In our novel intervention, we bring together creativity and self-awareness with physical training. The 12-week 24-session intervention with 30 participants (Figure 1) includes components like visualization, cardio and strength training, and social interaction. We will measure the impact with standardized clinical questionnaires, EEG-fNIRS, motion capture, and cognitive, affective, and physical tests. We expect our intervention to improve the quality of life and negative symptoms of SCZ by balancing the brain functions and bodily state related to self-awareness, social interaction, and physical fitness. In my talk, I will cover brain dysfunctions related to self-awareness in SCZ (Ferri et al., 2012; Ebisch et al., 2013) and describe the scientific rationale for each component included in our novel intervention (e.g. Lee et al., 2015; Firth et al., 2017).
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| 8. |
- Poikonen, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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“InMotion”—Mixed physical exercise program with creative movement as an intervention for adults with schizophrenia : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Schizophrenia is among the world’s top 10 causes of long-term disability with symptoms that lead to major problems in social and occupational functioning, and in self-care. Therefore, it is important to investigate the efficacy of complementary treatment options for conventionally used antipsychotic medication, such as physical training, and psychosocial interventions.Objective: To combine aerobic and strength training with cognitive, emotional and social stimulation in one intervention for people with schizophrenia and test the feasibility and effects of this intervention.Methods: The study is a mixed-method randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The treatment group (30 participants) will receive the intervention in addition to standard care and the control group (30 participants) only standard care. The intervention consists of 24 biweekly sessions with a duration of 60 min. The pre-test (weeks from 4 to 2 prior to the intervention) and post-test (week 12) include clinical measure (PANSS), quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking measures. In addition, a treatment subgroup of 12–15 participants and their family member or other next of kin will complete a qualitative interview as a part of their post-test. Two follow-up tests, including clinical, quality of life, brain function and eye tracking will be made at 6 and 12 months from the completion of the intervention to both study groups. The primary outcome is change in negative symptoms. Secondary outcome measures include general and positive symptoms, quality of life, social performance, movement quantity, brain function and eye tracking. Explorative outcome includes patient and family member or other next of kin interview.Results: Pilot data was collected by June 2023 and the main data collection will begin in September 2023. The final follow-up is anticipated to be completed by 2026.Conclusion: The InMotion study will provide new knowledge on the feasibility, efficacy, and experiences of a novel intervention for adults with schizophrenia. The hypothesis is that regular participation in the intervention will reduce clinical symptoms, normalize physiological measures such as brain activation, and contribute to new active habits for the participants.
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| 9. |
- Vigren, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Awake craniotomy in epilepsy surgery includes previously inoperable patients with preserved efficiency and safety
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Neuroscience. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7454 .- 1563-5279.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Whilst awake craniotomy has been widely used historically in epilepsy surgery, the safety and efficacy of this approach in epilepsy surgery has been sparsely investigated in controlled studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of awake resection in epilepsy surgery and focuses on the possibility to widen surgical indications with awake surgery. Methods: Fifteen patients operated with awake epilepsy surgery were compared to 30 matched controls undergoing conventional/asleep epilepsy surgery. The groups were compared with regard to neurological complications, seizure control and location of resection. Results: Regarding seizure control, 86% of patients in the awake group reached Engel grade 1-2 compared to 73% in the control group, operated with conventional/asleep surgery, not a statistically significant difference. Neither was there a statistical significant difference regarding postoperative neurological complications. However, there was a significant difference in location of the resection when comparing the two groups. Of the 15 patients operated with awake intraoperative mapping, four had previously been considered as non-operable by epilepsy surgery centres, due to vicinity to eloquent brain regions and predicted risk of post-operative neurological deficits. Discussion: The results show that awake epilepsy surgery yields similar level of seizure control when compared to conventional asleep surgery, with maintained safety in regard to neurological complications. Furthermore, the results indicate that awake craniotomy in epilepsy surgery is feasible and possible in patients otherwise regarded as inoperable with epileptigenic zone in proximity to eloquent brain structures.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Martin
(författare)
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A Statistical Approach to Estimate Thermal Performance and Energy Renovation of Multifamily Buildings : Case study on a Swedish city district
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several climate and energy goals have been set in the European Union, one of them being to increase energy efficiency. In Sweden, a large potential for increased energy efficiency lies in the residential and service sectors, which account for about 40% of total energy use. A large share of buildings in Sweden were built in the Million Homes Program in the 1960s and ’70s. These buildings are now in need of renovation, which enables renovation with the ambition of reducing energy use. In this thesis, the purpose is to develop an energy signature method, a bottom-up statistical method. This method has been validated using a building energy simulation software called IDA ICE, for two kinds of multifamily buildings from the Million Homes Program. The energy signature method has then been applied to a district located in Gävle, Sweden, containing more than 90 multifamily buildings with similar construction. In addition to characterizing current thermal performance of the buildings, the energy signature method is further developed so that potential for energy renovation of the district can be simulated. Simulated energy renovation is developed to comply with building energy use requirements, according to the most recent Swedish building regulations. Both on building and district level, sensitivity analysis is performed. In both cases the energy signature method is insensitive to changes in internal heat gains and indoor temperature. To investigate the effects of simulated renovation on a local district heating system, results are visualized in a duration diagram, where energy use reduction in different load periods is displayed. Thus, it is demonstrated how the energy signature method can be used as a rapid way of simulating energy renovation on district level and with readily available data.
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